day, and a late supper, but it also means 1 that the House doesn't sit at night.

' thoiiiitionoll capital to Montreal,

g .

ms FOUR , , THE GUARDIAN

Authorlned us Scconil Cllu Mull Pout Office Dcpurtnicni, Ottawa. The lsluml U-uuniiun Publishing Co. CIRCULATION

3.155

total City Zone . .. ...... lietall Trading Zone All Others

Total Net. raid

82 7 . 13.049

Prcnident nmi Assiu-into Editor, Inn A. Burnett, Associate Editor. FNHIIL Walker.

"The Strongest Memory IS Weaker Hum the Weakest Ink".

CH.ARLO'I”'I'li'.l'OW.V. THURSDAY. OCT. 25, 1951

American Trade Restrictions

l

The American Congress has added a; rider to the Defence Production Act which has the effect of imposing import quotas on cheese, processed milk and other dairy pro- ducts. If this amendment withstands the efforts of the administration to undo it, it will be one more instance of sudden death at the hands of Congress to trade con- nections which other countries have labor- iously built up in order to balance their ex-i tcrnal trading account. Canada will be particularly affected in view of the re- duction of our agricultural exports to Great Britain and the compensating increase in sales to the United States which have been! built up in recent months.

The General Agreement on Trade and Tariffs, signed at Geneva and ratified by 53 nations, was an American conception and successfully consummated by virtue of Am- erican persistence. It was designed specif- ically to restrict import quotas. But events prove that a handful of protectionists can talk the American Congress, which is su- preme in such matters, into defeating the administration's soundest plans.

"Besides being a flagrant breach of the code which the Americans have been urg- ing on the rest of the world," says The Country Guide, "the restriction is quite in- defensible. The American dairy industry is in need of no such protection at the pre- sent time, for prices on the restricted pro- ducts are above parity. Danes, Hollanders and other dollar-hungry Europeans have, with the approval and help of ECA, delib- erately rebuilt their American outlet for fancy cheeses which appeal to high-income families, and in no way threaten the pro- duction of standard American types. Their post-war comeback has not even reached the pre-war volume of trade in the same commodities. Lastly, the surprise restrict.- ion came at the moment when the Amer- icans were charging the Czechs with the same breach of faith. Small wonder that there were sharp exchanges at Geneva last: month, with threats of rcprisals.

"The moral of the incident is that Can-l ada must work incessantly for the expans- ion of trade in all directions. The more agricultural produce this country can sell to the United States the better. But we .must not be so blinded by the glitter of dollars as to forget old but temporarily needy customers. Hard traders though some of them may be, they were always predictable."

clvlc Freedom

Democracy had its foundations in the city state, and in the kingdoms of Europe it was an assortment of free cities that re- vived the democratic process. They had the wealth and power to oppose kings and princes but, above all, they consisted of sufficiently small areas for citizens to know what was going on and to have a personal interest in affairs.

The denioci-atic principle has long been extended to the government of entire prov- inces and nations but on that scale it rep- resents the flowering of that tender plant. The roots of democratic -government are still in the relatively small unit. of city. town or village. It is only after being schooled in.the conduct of local affairs that the av- erage man ncq1.1.ires the habits of tlio:.13li' and action which make democracy work. 't may be tempting: at times to turn local af- fairs over to experts but if that were do” it would not be long before some form of dictatorship became nnoessai;-1 on the tional scene.

Ml": lllglit Life , Experimenting with new working hours the House of Commons is first trying out It schedule of five and a half hours from 1:30 to 7 pm. without 11 break. This means starting the sitting earlier in the

"However," notes the Ottawa Citizen, "many of the members don't seem to like the arrangement. They can't attend to their correspondence and other duties in this evening, because there are no sten- ogropherl around. So why don't they just relax and enjoy themselves? The answer, an given by quite A number of the out-of- tqwporr, k that they don't know how to min the, tlnythi Ottawa at night: there"; IIII&ll to Q Perhaps the solution is to

' fers to be kept working at

8.157 .

where the, complaint of nocturnal dullness is rarely heard.

"On the other hand an occasional mem- ber has been heard to confess that he pre- the House nights, because he wouldn't find any trou- ble finding things to do-but that's just the trouble."

tDl IORIAL NOTES

Today, British election-Attlee vs. Chur- :Chiil. . - i D O O

His Honour Forest W. Phillips is to be congratulated on his re-election as Speak- er of the Legislature.

0

v 9

With the approach of winter one danger on the highways is lessened. It becomes more seldom that passengers are carried in trucks without protection comparable to that of bus or train.

1 I 0

Now a tiny atom bomb has been explod- ed. It will soon come in a size for every military purpose and perhaps be consider- ed as a conventional weapon not extremely different from gunpowder.

0 O O

A uniform system of road marking signs across Canada is advocated by the Canadian Chamber of Commerce, a develop- ment which would ease the task of the driver crossing Provincial boundaries. par- ticularly the tourist.

O C 0

Considering that price support for but- ter was supposed to consist of Government buying when the price was low to re-sell when it went up again, it is a little strange to find that it required 31,408,000 to carry out the program in 1949-50.

0 I Q

The battle of Agincourt was fought this date 1445. The longbowmen of Henry V, aided by French mud, made havoc of heav- ily armoured French cavalry, who lost some 10,000 dead ahd 1,000 prisoners. English losses were a few hundred.

O 9 O

The relatively small amount of oppos- ition to the St. Lawrence seaway in this, Province can best be” explained by a pat- riotic reluctance to hinder something which may prove to the general advantage of Canada, although certainly not to that of, the Maritimes.

I I I O Special attention is directed to today'sl installment of Mr. Leo McIsaac's "Lessons From Europe”, dealing with Danish agricul- tural methods. The wealth of information given is of direct interest and value to our Island farmers. I O I He could not have been at church. Atl Ottawa, while Rev. L. W. Barclay was de- liveringa sermon touching on the virtue of honesty, a thief made off with his new car from the parking lot of the Woodroffe United Church. 0 O 0 India, of all places, is now "sending coal to Newcastle." The Bengal Coal Com- pany and the Equitable Coal Company of Calcutta have sold 120,000 tons of gas coal to the National British Coal Board for shipment to Britain before the end of De- cember. It is understood that the coal will be used for gas production. 0 O 0

To him that hath shall be given. Ac- cording to Premier Duplessis, the plans for the extension of two paper mills there is "fresh evidence of the enormous, prodigious and exceptional progress of the province since 1945." In that time close to 01,000,- 000,000 has been invested in new and ex- panded industrial enterprises in the prov- ince.

O I 0

While British sports are coming to this new and rising country, we are producing high grade players which Britain is glad to absorb. Canadian hockey players were greeted with rattles and cheers when they got off the boat-train at Waterloo Station, London, recently. They will play hockey in Britain this coming winter as members of the liarls Court Rangers team.

0 O 0

Wills have been registered at Somerset l-louse in London since the close of the eighteenth century. The building, which is occupied by King's College, commissioners of inland revenue and the registrar of joint stock companies as well as the probate and divorce registrar, is on the site the palace of the dukes of Somerset. erected in the mid-fourteenth century.

. O O 0

Cooking schools are a reminder that such training is just such as mother gave in old days before canned food became the order of the day in far too many house- holds. Household science training on the other hand, enables a girl not only to enter the professional field of dietetics or teach- ing as home economics experts, but also prepares her for work in allied fields as nutritionists, home economics specialists in public relations departments of commercial firms, in government services. in hospitals

n my.

.y,,,..:.

,rnE GUARDIAN. Ci-IARLOTTETOWN which Way Will she Turn?

and in industry.

FROM GATES OF DAMASCUS

This is the song of the South Gate Holder, silver man, older:

A but his song is

I am the Gale that fears no fall; the Mihrah of Damascus wall.

The bridge of hooining Sinai: the Arch of Allah all in all.

0 spiritual pilgrim, rise: the night has gcown her single horn:

The voices of the souls unborn are half adrciim with Paradise.

Tn Mecca thou hast turned in pi-rycr with aching heart and eyes that burn:

Ah, Hnjil, whither wilt thou turn

when thou art there, when

thou art there?

be thy guide from camp to

camp: God be thy shade

from well to well;

grant beneath the desert

stars thou hear the Prophet's

camel bell.

God shall make thy body

pure. and give thee know-

ledge to endure zhost-lifels piercing tom-pain, and bring out to Life again.

God shall make ihy soul a

Glass where eighteen thou-

sand Eons pass,

thou shalt see the gleaming

Worlds as men see dew upon

the grass.

son of Islam, it may be that

thou shalt learn at journey's

end

walks thy garden eve on eve,

and bows his head, and calls

lhre Friend,

--James Elroy Flecker.

Decline Of Choirs A Blow To Festivals

(Winnipeg Free Press)

The apparent decline of Winni- peg church choirs during the past few years is not only arousing the concern of choirmaaters, but is also prompting action by local of- ficials of the Federation of Can- adian Music Festivals.

The success of music festivals. which depends on the enduring support of all musical units in the community, is inevitably affected by a slump in so large a. sphere as church choirs. It directly affects adult choral entries. with I de- crease in adult. choral entries. competitive spirit wanes in those

God

God

And

This phan-

thee And And

And,

Who

classes and the musical standard suffers. Experience suggests that the

crux of the, problem in leadership -a top-lerel choral standard- b o o 5 to r and interest.-suatainer which may be lacking locally

' For :1 period of about 20 years from 1920, the most. active in Win- nipeg choral history. the Men's Musical Club brought out. from England outstanding choral lend- ers obtained through air Hugh Allan and Sir George Dyson. They gave "all they had" to their par- ticular jobs and set. a standard that was s stlmulusto other choir-

masters. I O 0

United Kingdom are to be raised by about two-thirds-mainly be- cause of the high price of tobacco and cigarettes. Announcing this the Home Office said that the flat- rnte maximum will be raised to -is I week. Another recommenda- tion adopted by the Home Secre- tary is the restoration of bread- and-water punishment. in Bor- stals. But, says the Home Office. ll. should be used "only as a last resort when other forms of pun- lshment. have failed, or in excep- tional cases of serious misconduct where no other form of punish- ment is deemed appropriate,''-- (London Daily Mail).

Probably it. has been going .on for some time, for nature doesn't change models quickly, even when aided by human experts. But re- cent photographs of various fairs throughout the district. .have shown a decided change in the model of beef cattle. Like the lat- cst automobiles, they have be- come low-slung, broader in the "beam." The question might al- so arisc as to which started the change first, the car producers or the cattle breeders. One thing is certain. There are a lot of excep- tionally fine cattle in this port of Ontario. Those lumbering low- slung animals. with great should-

serve as an impetus to better leadership, an official said. "For years young men were hesitant about preparing themselves to be- come church musicians because of poor fees," he explained. "But in recent years, fees paid organist: and cholrmasters have been. in most. cases. substantially raised. This might produce results in the next few years." 0 0

Professional choirs. however. he believed, would not serve the same purpose. "I have yet. to see 3. pro- fessional choir that is as happy in its work as one taking part for the love of it."

At, the annual conference of the Federation of Canadian Music Feslvals in saint John, N. 13., last June, when delegates aired the problem on a. national scope. the present choral situation was "de- plored" nnd festival committees were urged to give vital leadership in an effort to deal with it.

some remedies offered were:

1. The introduction of I. "choral clinic” in festivals"

2. Amalgamation of small choirs into well-balanced groups.

3. More emphasis on group work lr. festivals, stressing that church choirs are largely responsible for leading participation in this.

4. Advance the love of church music by choosing more sacred music no test. pieces for children! choirs.

one Manitoba delegate stated: "If those responsible for the direc- tion of church choirs could persuaded to enter with the ob- jectlva of bringing I Iplrltunl It- moaphero to festival halls and with the determination to derive the benefits that association with the festival movement can provide, then the problem would be much

be I

9 g ) :2 7. Notes By The Way I. ii 6- ' ' 55

Prisoners' pay rates in the era, broad backs and well filled

out hindquarters, whether they be black, roan, white faced, or of dark red and white mixture, are worth plenty of good hard cash. -Owen Sound Sun-Times.

Excessive use of motor horns In not only intolerable but also illeg- al. Nowhere it is less - to be tol- erated than in the zone of quiet which is supposed to surround hospitals. Though it might appear harsh to cancel an operators lic- ence for this breach of the low, ex- cessive use of the horn betray: an impatience that throws doubt. on the perpetrators mental equip- ment and capacity to drive safely. Such people might well be put, to I test to determine whether they merit licences. -Toronto Tele- gram.

The reported theft of "several" blue and green runway lights from the municipal airport is dis- turbing. One cannot fathom the mentality of in person who would take I chance on causing what might be 3. fatal accident. It has been done. of course. Morons have been known to lay I bit. of wood on a railway track just to see ii. wreck. And only this week someone in Edmonton put .22 cart- ridge: in 11 dead furnace; when the furnace was lit. the cart- ridges exploded, wounding the fire- man. Even if the culprits ” ” be very young children, one cannot arouse sympathy for the little dar- lings!-(Edmonton Journal).

foam-v.tsv9v)0t)-Q-uvst.a3O4&. Old Charlottetown

(And P. E. I.)

ISLAND HORSES FOR MAINE

"Saturday evening Milton G. Show, of Grcenville. and Messrs. Morison & Hunting. all well- known lumbermen. returned from Prince Edward Island, where they have been for two weeks purchas- ing horses to be employed during the winter in the woods. They brought back with them twenty- eight horns, and the animals were kept over Sunday at the stable: of the Franklin House and Ponoboscot Exchange. They are lnrize, powerful and splendidly built animals, nnd have been ad- mired by lots of people since their arrival. They will not probably go into the woods for a few weeks, but they look no if they could do some good work when they get there. Messrs. Morison & Hunting have sold (our of their twenty-one purchases to James Smart of Milo."

-Bangor Commercial, Nov.. 1877

The Ago-Old Story

9' I? 353'

no. every one that tlilntpth. come ya to the wniau. and he the hath no money: come ye. buy. and out: yen. coma. buy wine and milk without money and

'ln'b'5'in'

i

nouer solution."

without price.

since standards have " r J. some festival nuthorltiu feel it may be because choir leaders have nothing to shoot at Ami competi- tion ia definitely lacking. In Win- nipeg at pruent. choral leodernhtp is dependent upon only I few men. Yet even these men do not whole- heartedly enler theii choir: in fan- tlval classes, one festival official stated.-

Ia it that some of these leading choir-masters are reluctant. to p f. themselves in the position of - lng criticized by odjudlcntou? This is one of the queotlom that arises in the minds of worried officials on they try to Analyze the Iltuntlon.

If choirmuteu feel that their cholrs now look the quality which once placed them in the limelight, offlcfall reasoned, in there any better way to regain that quality than by competition and instruct.- iw-. criticism?

There is one fnclior which should

mi risn eon SALE

DELIVERED c.o. . my ISLAND munivoan STATION us 50 mi. noxns

Large and Medium Green Salted Cod ...... .. Large and Medium Green Salted l-lake ..

EASTERN PAGKJIIG 00. LTD.

sooms

.5. lb. . 12c lb.

i being

some Danish forms Ind Experi- mental Btutionr were visited. The soll in this are: seemed to vary from almost pure sand to medium light loam. It all appeared. by our standards, workable about 24 hours after heavy rain. but they said this was not so. Tractors are not so common as at home, though it ap- peared that many farmers with more than 50 acres were replacing two or three horses with one,troc- tor.- Dmish formers do not plan to do away with horse: altogether because of A possible gasoline ahortage. Those who had tractors in 1940. had to resort to horses for five years. Their horses are all "clean-legged". The larger types. chestnut red with lighter mane and tall, are of the Jutland breed, and are not so large as our Percherons. The smaller types, usually black, are oldenburgs. The electric fence is very pop- ular there, being used not only for rotational grazing but for roadside and other permanent fences. Gen- entity the current is supplied, via 11 transformer, from the malrillnes and the inspection light is fre- que tly outside the back door of

the armhouse. I O 0 In 1944, 87611 of Danish farms had threshing machines. They

have more thresliers than any other one type of machine includ- ing mowers, binders and seeders. The threshing machine is normal- ly fixed inside the central farm building. This building usually contains also the horse and cow stables. the dairy, and often the piggcry.

On one well managed form it is set up so the sheaves as they are brought in from the field, are fed to the threshing machine and the baled straw is pushed up a ramp to the loft. Meanwhile the grain falls into n. hopper below floor level and is elevated to one of the six storage bins, each holding about 10 tons. V when the time comes to use the groin, it can be either buzzed an the base of each bin or released into the hopper, from where it can be once more elevated and let down 3 chute to the piggery. The whole device of hopper, el- evator, siorage bins and chutes was planned by the farmer and to 9. great extent home-made. It had cost about 650 dollars, but is an example of the various labor sav- ing devices one will see on the farms of Denmark. .

I 0

Another labor-saving device of interest was 1:. root. storage house. This building was roughly 60 feet by 15 feet. and the apex of the roof was 12 feel: from the floor. It was built, into the side of the slope so that the passing road was four feet above floor level. A roll fixed along the road side of the roof carried an elevator whose delivery and could be placed over any one of five or six movable sections of the roof.

The loading end of the elevator was just below the level of the wagon floor so that fodder-beets or mangels could be easily and quickly unloaded and stored in any one section desired. Ventilation pipes of one foot in diameter were in position at suitable intervals through the outside wall and fresh air was carried to the centre of the pile of stored roots before it was tripped. Burns and plggerles, normally under straw or boy lofts, have low flat ceilings. Ven- tilation, even where 1 larse duct had been built through the cell- lng, loft and roof, was difficult. To prevent the cows from soiling their bedding area, many cowaheds have In elect.rtfied,wire suspended an inch or to above the cows' books. If the cow is standing for- word when she crches her back, she receives n shock and so soon learn: to stand back in her P1300- ovei-hend mono-nil barrows are not uncommon in cowsheds and plggerlca for manure clearing.

C O 0

Most farms keep iv0ult1'i'- bul- few, if any. keep more than 100 to 200 hens; in general one could say they were not efficient in the poultry line. some nest boxes hid false bottoms into which the egg rolled gently, was kept clean, and easily gathered. Others with large floclu have an alarm clock system to switch on the light at 4 am. for early winter feeding.

Cows are most frequently at the Danish Red Breed. though some farmers have Jersey: and I few hove Holstein: or Ayrshlres. More seemed to be dehorned than not. Most farmers follow the system of recording milk and buttei-int yields of etch cow. This is done at six- weekly intervals only by the offic- ial recorder. Farmers are paid Ic- cording to the weight. of butter produced and yields vary up to 1100 lbs. of butter per year.

The avenge production of all cows in Denmark in 191! was 304 lbl. butter and 7,000 lbs. milk. This wu lower than the belt Dre-wlr you (1038). and the avenge in in- uruslng now as the supply of im- portcd feed: increases. The over- ue production of All can on the Duiioh record ayotem in X940 was 8.164 lbl. milk at 4.0795. butter fat which made. per cow, 872 lbl. but- tor.

- 0 0 ;

Then on well over 100 Artificial Inurnlmtion Societies in Donmark and than deal with ill” the total number of hex-dntondvono third of the total number of cow: in the whole country. Ono center we vio- itod had elxhr. Rod Danish built. on dohornod. the but dam of which had around for five of her seven lactation: 14,370 lbs. milk It 4.68& butter int.

.111 ition in the bull outing than 15 bull-proving forms

token.

To that no I from the individual fonrurl. 15 to

20 of 'l.hO first heifer: til I bull

OCTOBER 25. 1951

(Gt.

Lessons From Europe

In Community Progress

By Leo P. Mclsaac Part One (continued) ('All Right: Reserved)

DANISH FARMING METHODS

which it is desired to rove, two months before theypflrst 05:1? and they are kept here for a yegf Under uniformly good conditions: of management the yields of ih,.5,:. heifers are then compared vi-iml those of their dams and the fan- of the bull is decided. The owner-. of the heifers receive, or pay, mi. difference between the cost of lip: kccp of the heifers and the pm..- received for the milk. etc. ...-25.”yiiiiiigii.i3e.?"E..llL”'W were Red Danish and all desccniil, ed from one heifer bougm 10,- about 315.00 in 1932. With careful feeding and breeding-using bum of the village union before A, 1, and semen from Copenhagen since -this former had produced it email herd averaging 311 11,5, 05 butter and 13,673 lbs. of milk at, mam butter fat last year. om- first sight of them was as tlm. were led down the lane, each i)n('s halter tied to that of her neigh- bor or the cow in front. Hand milking three times a day was up. practice. However, the tethering system is fast giving way to rlz-c. tric fences in Denmark now.

0 0- 0

One farm of 240 acres carrieri 11 herd of 60 milking cows, 300-son feeding pigs and 55 sows. Most of the pigs in Denmark are of the Landracc breed. This farmer did not have his cows on test H1: claimed that the equivalent olston per head per year was too high it cost, and further that ll: would be uneconomical with a herd of mar, size to attempt to ration the feed for individual cows.

Although they specialize indom-

lng and where conditions allow it. farmers practise ii definite rota- tion of crops in which 9. onepto three year "lay" plays an import- ant part. They also grow rye (for the Danish rye bread). fodder beet, root: seeds of all kinds and grass and clover seeds, and, especially in Jutland, ii few acres of potatoes per farm. Fodder heat, which is claimed to contain as much as 239. dry matter, is generally replacing mnngolds. Mangolds, whore croivn, are fed. up to but not after Christ- man. There are wind breaks on nearlv every form and most. farmers have 11. share in one of the numerous local wood lots, which Drovlde much of their fuel. Fruit tron appeared to be growing everywlurn. Not. only were they in orchard.1-- tvpical ones vary from 100 to 1:00 trees-but also in hedge rows, and as ornamental trees around the farmyard and garden. .

There was an Oi)p01'i.llnli,V.i'l visit two local cooperative dairics, 3. bacon factory, 3 folk high school here, and later another one in Zeeland on a trip out from Cop- enhagen, a corn mill where tlir.V demonstrated a new system of making dairy nuts or cubes of dried grass. I also saw some n' their modern seed cleaning mach- ines. . . .

The center of rural life is the village hall. And most of the larg- er villages have a standardlze'1l hall including 3 gymnasium. wiuv-I isused for gymnastics. Concf"-V publlc meetings or dances and 11 dining room to accommodate of- ficials at a regional meeting or ifl put on 3. dinner for raising fund-; The permanent caretaker usualli lives on those premises. I was in- vited to a dance organized by the young farmers' clubs. The rhythm- harmony and vigor of those dances would really do your heart 80051- It in a point of honor with Danish young men never to Sit. out -1 dance, and as the iiitervals he'- tween dances were very 5-10” l appeared to be 3. strenuous even- ing but. was enjoyed by 911- .

Many of the farm homes a1" built with brick. whitewash:-:lVn11 the outside, and give an impics; sion of exceptional nentness Mil cleanliness. Electricity is cx1l0"?ll” in Denmark. as they have no 113(- er power to generate it. but ” '5 available in most of the rum! diff tricta. You are often invited 1114: people's homes in Dciniiarl; 1il.r1

becoming acquainted. I had llixl; pleasure both in the COUHUY -"tin

in Copenhagen. Most of W houses are roomy and have I1 SUM, parlor attached to the mainloun.

where our older liouscs us-'i1.Ill,V have an open verai-.r.a. g Hm; It in the custom in DPLII1 1

even on nnddle-sized farms In! one or two girls, usunll,V' d3f”lm;! of other farmers. to hell? Nil” 0", house work, and also one 01 N W boys from neighboring ”'"”Tlm assist. with the outdoor worki .m-. lii the common practice of mm” ers' sons and daughters, item leaving school. They "SW"-V. 5m”, A year or two at anothoi "am away from home in orcer ion-mi" experience and then mtm.V M H m, an to the nizriculturnl 5C”";';, ,, folk high schools for n so:1.'t:m ls two. Howdver. this BY-mm: ' dying out. (To be continued) ,,.,

T"-'91 VJANTED

SCRAP IRON 81 METALS K

Highest Prices Paid i Scrap yard at Finlay M"; Kinnon, Charlottetown Alli

Salvage. Grafton Bust, Charlottetown. ,

Alim nnocxl

P. 0. Box" 403 3

.. .. I