PACE roan -__g THE G UAR DlAN

Morning Daily (rounded tn flit-iv Authorized ee Second Clue Mail, Poet Office Department, Ottawa.

President. lnn A. Burnett; Vlce-rresldent, Wm. It. ‘Burnett; Seep-Irene. G. M. Burnett; Editor and Managing Director. .I. B. luraett; Aeeoolnto Editor. Frank Walker.

"The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest Ink."

UHARLOTTETOWN, wunrcusunv. Mrmcuw-lofiois

Prairie Agriculture

Some interesting changes in agriculture in the Prairie Provinces during the period 1941-1946 are noted as a result of the 1946 census of the Prairie Provinces, oi which an analysis appears in the.current issue oi The Economic Annolist, published by the Dominion Department of Agri- culture. For example, fewer people were Oil prairie iarms in 1946 than in 1941. There werc iewcr but bigger iarms; the value oi iarm caP- ital increased, but farm indebtedness was rc- duced; ownership increased; and fewer iarmers were producing more and were using more equipment.

The 1946 census shows that nearly 270 thous- and formers in- Manitoba, Saskatchewan and Alberta formed 117.5 million acres oi land in on area extending from the western border oi the Province of Ontario to the Rockies, and irom the United States border as iar north as the Peace River country in the Province oi Alberta. These iarmers had a capital investment in land, buildings, livestock, implements and machinery, valued at $2.7 bil-lion. They had nearly 42 mil- lion acres oi the Prairies in crop. The total livc» stock population numbered 8.1 million head, and their total poultry population was counted at 28.7 million birds. .

These 270 thousand farmers owned equip- ment valued at $483.5 million. They had, among other things, 153 thousand tractors, 55 thousand trucks, and 37,800 grarn combines. Prairie farm- ers, in the six years, 1941 to 1946, purchased over $200 million worth of iarm machinery. The number of farms, ior example, reporting tractors increased by 32 per cent between the two census years, but the number of tractors an these farms increased by 36 per cent. On the other hand, the number of horses declined by about 28 per cent in the some period.

The Province oi Saskatchewan is the most important oi the threp Prairie Provinces as o producer oi field crops. However, when it comes _to livestock, Alberto is the leader. The number oi cattle on iarms in the three provinces in- creased between 1941 and 1946 by 19 percent; the number oi pigs declined by 44 per cent; and the number oi hens and chickens increased by 14 psr cent. The census data do not reilect the remarkable expansion in swine production that occurred on the Prairies during the war years be- tween 194i and 1946, because by 1944 numbers oi swine an prairie iarms were on the decline. ln the peak year, 1943, there were nearly iive mil- lion hogs on prairie iarms.

The census data reveal interesting changes in the pattern of output oi animal products on iarms. ln 1945, four per cent fewer cows were milked, and nearly ll per cent less milk produc- ed than in 1940. But sales oi iluid milk and cream were higher. These gains were made at the expznse oi dairy butter and iarm produced cheese. Farm sales oi dairy butter and chccsc dropped by 89 per cent and 45 per cent, respect- ively. Wartime subsidy policies were, in port, responsible for the accelerated shift in produc- tion of processed dairy products from the iarm to the creamery and cheese factory.

Egg production and egg sales were up con- siderably. The relative increase in sales was greater (46 per cent). Higher prices and o strong demand encouraged greater core in col- lecting and marketing eggs.

Net value oi agricultural production in the thrce provinces, according to estimates released by the Agricultural Division, oi the Dominion Bureau oi Statistics, increased from $312.8 mil- lion in 1941 to $813.8 million in 1946. The latter total was slightly below the 1944 wartime high.

1 Veterans’ Loans

Another government return shows 33,400 net loans and grants had been a-pproved at Dec. 31 under the Veterans Land Act-19,356 for full-tine farming and 14,044 for small holdings. Full-time farming loans, with small holdings in brackets: British Columbia, 760 (2,514); Alberta, 4,957 (927); Saskatchewan, 5,084 (269); Moni- toba, 2,775 (938); Ontario, 3,336 (6,374); Que bec, 979 (1,343); New Brunswick, 574 (711); Prince Edward Island, 458 (158); Nova Scotio, 433 (810). The totals do not include 585 loans approved for commercial fishing nor 689 to Indian veterans. Net amounts approved were $90,413,992 for full-time forming and $73,441,- 888 forpmoll holdings. Expenditures out of those grants were $73,560,908 and $56,814,741, respectively. For commercial fishing $2,180,662 was approved; for Indian veterans, $1,454,704.-

' lupsrtaet health campaign

, The P, i. I. Tuberculosis League is again in active operation in connection with the chest X-ray campaign, and all persons twelve years of age and over should avail themselves of this op- portunlty, both for their own protection and that at their associates.

’_ Lost week employers were coiled upon by this energetic-organization in respect to fin- pyrclnp tho-costs. for their employees and the

ppm to have been excellent. This ha.» "ti...

" ial attention it extended to

_ , _ x i is hoped end expected that ' ‘ I firfioirrulm at _a time conveni- " " "at the P. -I. Tebereuloelt

' o. d..- a.

League Headquarters ior on X-roy iilm of their chest.

lt may be pointed out that by an amend- ment to the Public Health Act oi 1945, all per- so_ns whether or not having-tuberculosis can be required by the Chief Health OiiiceTWo be ex- amined, such examination to include X-ray oi chest. It is believed, however, the general pub- lic will respond in such a manner that com- pulsion will be unnecessary and that all em- ployees will gladly come iorword and volun- tarily assist in this important adjunct to health and help in making the Province a healthier place in which to live.

- cuuuunsf notes --

A beginning in the erection oi moderately rented houses in the City may be expected soon now that the City Council has given the signal "go-ahead."

Even a short time ago a Western European union was out oi the realm oi practical poli- tics, but there is nothing like the threat oi ag- gression irom a powcriul outsider to bring na- tions together.

.. .. w

100,000 immigrants seems like a large num- ber, but ct that rate it will take a hundred years to bring in ten million. lt looks as if Canada will still have to depend upon the natural in- crease to provide the population which she so badly needs.

i fi i i

The X-ray campaign, in spite oi inclement wcathcr, made a good start Monday and yes- terday when hundreds oi employees had their departments oi internal and external aiiairs sub- mitted ior inspection by the T.B. Mobile Unit. it continues all this week.

1 Or w i

It is wonderful what scientists can iind to do in times oi world revolution. Three Cambridge scientists are to explore the bed of the English Channel to "obtain concrete evidence of the fact that Britain was once part oi the mainland oi Europe."

I fi i fl

Councillor Stewart is to be commended on his informative report to the City Council as chairman of the street committee. The public, as well as the Council, will appreciate the efforts made to ‘keep traiiic moving during an excep- tionally difficult winter.

"l ‘Pr if ‘l’

Prior to 1913 there was no such thing as a political candidate's deposit in this Province but ices, $1.50 in case oi an occlamation, and $10 otherwise, were payable by the candidates. In that year the tcn dollar lee was made return- able in case the candidate polled at least half as many votes as the successful candidate. The present proposed deposit oi $200 is a new de- parture and should be well considered.

lncameTax has been a potent iorce in business liie since its introduction in 1917. There is at least a strong probability that its eiiect on farming will be as great. Farmers must, per- force, adopt a proper system of accounting pad in iuturc will be largely influenced by accounts and balance sheets.

R l h I

lt is sincerely ta be desired that as the re- sult oi the Fisheries delegation to Ottawa, the Government will be persuaded to purchase our surplus oi processed iish ior export to Eurone in order to keep our iish-packing and process- mg firms as going concerns. Deprivation of the European market ior lobster export on the allega- tion thcy are luxuries was a hard blow, and it is equally disheartening to learn an order for $2,700,000 ior cured herring had been given to Newioundland without the Maritimes having a share.

Councillor Doyle was quite in order in questioning the regularity of the City Council's Finance Committee in inviting in two non-mem- bcrs to discuss aspects oi the City's financial position. A Committee is perfectly at liberty to seek advice and assistance irom experts in any technical workyit may have in hand, but it is another question inviting non-members to sit in with them, especially when each Committee has paid oiiicials oi the Council at their dis- posal ior that purpose.

Laurence Billvvn. English poet, died rm. date 1943; won the Ncwdigote prize at Oxford in 1890, and was __oppointed_ assistant keeper oi the British Museum, shortly after graduation ;i his’ volumes oi verse include London Visions, The Praise of Li/e, Odes, Porphyrion and Other Poems, The Death of Adam, all showing strong classical feeling. He is best and most popularly remem- bered by his memorial For The Fallen in the First Great War:

They shall grow not old, as we that are left grow old; _ Age shall not weary them nor the years con- demn. At the going down of the sun and ing We will remember them. I Q w Q

in the morn-

Exercise "Moccasin", the joint Army Signals- Army Service Corps test of men and equipment south of Fort Churchill, its task completed, its l8 officers and men are expected back or Churchill today March l0. The teiis have pro- gressed favourably and weather conditions, des- pite one or two bad blizzords, have not been too severe. Since leaving their Churchill base Janu- ary 3 the Army men have led- o nomadic llfq in the wilderness south of that Hudson's lay port. As each series of tests has been completed, they have moved their tents to another, more distant location, travelling in Army snowmobiles. They have been supplied by tractor train operated by members oi the Royal Canadian Army Service 0pm..

rue GUARDIAN.

"-iietes ly The Viny-

\1-6u\l.‘(£\r<n¢\\.

A girl can ulweye fell when e man ls ln love with her by the way he looks at her when she isn't looking. - Guelph Mercury.

Those who wonder why entomo- bile insurance rates climb steadily have only to look at the reports of accidents —more of them, and costlier. —Amher.sl. News.

_._.._ l

Not having anything to think of for a few idle moments. John L. Lewis has threatened a coal strike. John has little imagination. He alwayls calls for the some thing. -- Iffy, in Detroit Free Press.

The wife of the vice-president of the Planned Parenthood Clint: r1 Pittsburgh gave birth to Lrlp- lels. That's in the best planning lrndltlon -rei.urns in triplicate. Woodstock Sentinel-Review.

Around l8 billion bottles of the stuff (soft drinks) went down ‘American throats last year, or 116 per man. woman and child. That was peak consumption, l5 bottles per person more than in pre-wer 1940. - Wall Street Journal.

Mention is made of transparent clothes for men. They are not u" all likely to be popular. The men themselves are too conscious, and as for the women. most. of then. can see right through a man re- gardless. - Perl. Arthur News- Chronicle. _ '

The Canadian winter ie not e thing that anyone can safely Ig- nore. It. may, at any time, bring a prolonged spell of severe cold. and treating apparatus will be strained to the fullest extent of its capacity. Comparatlvely fe\v fires are caused by street accident; care lassness accounts for many of them. - Peter-borough Examiner.

We're all for breakfast in bed. In the words of Sir Harry Laue".- er‘s famous song, "it's nice to gel. up in the momlng —but it's nicer to stay ln bed." And it's mlfcn nicer to stay there full fed, in stead of being prodded out by the gentle urgtngs of hunger from the good smell of coffee and bac an being prepared elsewhere. Kingston Whig-Standard.

With eight governments nou laying claim to parts of lee-cav- cred Antarctica, it's time somebody put in a word for the penguins ‘As- tbc only native inhabitant.» are they to have no rights of self determination? The penguins are a model community. Except for a few jealous spars at. mating time, they llve ln unoffendlng peace. l‘ is a pity that this last outpost )f harmony must be disturbed. - Kitchener-Waterloo Record.

First woman surgeon of Brit- ain's merchant. navy ls thirty- lhrcc-year-old Dr. Marguerite Shcarc in the 6.330~ton super- freighter. La Cordillera, wnlch has sailed from Hull on a world m... Dr. Sheare has yearned to see the distant places of the world star..- hcr doctor-husband died a ‘year ago. La Cordllletrrs crew includes thirteen err-Wrens, who signed on as cooks, stewardessu and wait- ers. ~ London Daily Mail.

.-\ man in Bollflower, California, r-laim to have invented a gadget that gives his oar 250 miles or one gallon of gasoline and one of winter. He converts water lnw its hydrogen and oxygen compo“ ents, mixing these with gasoline vapor which becomes a highly ex- plosive product. fed into the car- buretor. It the scheme proves un- praeticable, watch out. for the “u- mor that. the big oll trust. have bought the inventor off. — Port. William Times-Journal.

A new method of treating her- ring - whereby they ere broken down by chemical action into their natural constituents, the mast. im- portant of WhlCll are edible orl and protein -- has been evolved by nutritional scientists of Gran‘. Britain's Department of Sclentifr: and Industrial Research. It. is considered to be such es lo make a significant contribution to till solution of the world problem of shortage of fats and proteins. i."- aiso has a great value for the in- rluslry itself. It. allows widely very- ing quantities of fish l0 b8 lbwrb ed day by day into the processing plants, thus providing an unawe. to tfie problem of how to deabwttrl glut: without. waste. A number u’ these new plants ere to be con- structed ln Britain in time for dealing with the catch from tau veers’ Summer fishing season.

The debit balenoe le now at lust 75.000 against. women in the mu‘ rlagoeble age groups. In other words, 75,000 merrlegeeble Canad- ian girls are unlikely to mbbultl husbands even if they went. to. They can do little to help" thorn- selves. They can merry older men or younger men (in e strong-y competitive market.) Girl: from eastern Cenedu can go welt. where the percentage of males 0o fe- males has eiwsye been two to tight. percent, higher than the average for Canada, or north where the odds ere oven betie. They can choose foreign huebende, either by emigrating or by merry ing an immigrant. Those ere the remedies for your chenged situa- tion, girls and women between tue nges of 21 end 3d --unleee you be- gin en Immediately eucoenlul enn- paign for" polygamy. - Petorbor- ough Drerniner.

51.0w 1'0 CHANG! While some large-souls production methods of tee ere ueed in Olrlau, moot. too le pro-

duced end marketed ee it. he: been foe centuries

PUBLIC FORUM

Iirle eoluutn le open u- tlle dleouliou by eon-a- epondente of aaeeilone m Illhfflh- Th0 clllflflhktulrrl Guardian doee not neooeear- Ily endoree the opinion ui eorreepoudenll

+o<+o+o+o4 Till SINKING FUND

Sir. — I agree with "Anonymous" that, all contributions for Sinking lilund have been made ln accord- ance with statutes.

Ordinary revenue reoe:pl.s do not fumleh all money required. A lot more money has Lo come from de- bentures sold, savings deposits etc.

Moreover when money or bonds are put into the Sinking Fund the 8.11‘. is debited and cash bonds or debentures are credited. To credit revenue would be crediting reven- ue twice for the same thing.

Now for his next. paragraph, "ll the Provincial accounting was car- ried out entirely on the double en- try systun Oil accounting the sum of $322,766 could not have been brought back to the revenue sde of the account because an enltjy would have been made reversing the original entry made. 1f lhll had been done than no provision would have appeared 1n the Pub- lic Accounts as required by law for Sinking Fund for redemption of the public loan bonds at maturity". Who understands that? I don‘t.

My statement was lf there were no Sinking Fund the gross funded debt would be so much less. "An- onymous" says this statement is "absolutely incorrect and an ab- surd statement." Strong language in the face at the logic put forth. Look again at page 16:

Gross furldcd debt Sinking Fund Net Funded debt

$1 l .5..'i3.0L0.C0 2,664,184.21 03.878515 '73

The interest, on the bonds in S.F. does not. increase the SJ‘. provision by the interest received on 5F. That interest is revenue and is credited to revenue and charged to cash when the interest an bond is received.

The only advantage of a Sinking Fund would be that. the rates of interest received therefrom are greater than the rates of interest paid out on the extra gross debt gOQSGQUQDLVOH the establishment of

"Anonymous" is surprised that "Accountant." does not seem to re- alize that the sum of $2,654,184.73 shown on page 23 ls an accrmula. tion 0f SF‘. under the system out- lined above." N0 need of surprise, I Hsree with the statement except that the interest does not. increase the sinking fund, That interest is revenue and does not form part qt the SJ“. except when invrsled therein.

He says the SI‘. is llTf‘ e ly syg- Lin by which Dnymr-nl cf loan bonds can be mot. Yes. if llrcmouoy l0 pay bonds is gotten solely from 5.1T; that ls money must g0 through S- . Why not pay directly and not have money go through S.F.?

In his first lcltcr, Mr, Ancny. mous said only $204,773.02 vras av- ailable from SJ“. to pay $690,000.00}! I-Ie says if suggestion "Accountant has made were carried out, the debt. would be larger!“ Who can filllre that out.

Iam. Sir. etc nccourvr Qa-

OUR. SCHOOLS TODAY

Slim-I listened with great inter- est lo Mr. J. Stewart Williams, provincial secretary to the Teach- ers’ Federation olf Prince Edulard Island, who in his broadcast on "let's Look At. Our Schools" ser- les dealt. with "The Present. Set.- up“-of our system of education. In his address. M1‘. Wiilllarmspolnrt- ed out that. in Prince Edward Isl- and the school system ls directed by the Department of Education which lo controlled by the kjovln- clal Government through the Min- ister of Education who is assisted ln an advisory capacity by the Council of Education consisting of representatives of Agriculture, the Womens’ Institutes, the Teachers‘ Federation, the Canadian Legion. St. Dunstan} University, and Prime of Wales College. The car- rying out of the policy and deals- lons of the Minister and his ad- vlsory council es well as the en- forcement of the School A01. ls en- imstod to Lhe Deputy Minister (Dlroewr uf Education) Miro is os- slsted ‘m hie work by a Chief Supervisor and six assistant. super- visor-a.

Furthermore, some 478 Boards. each consisting of three trustees exercise local control of our school districts which very greatly in sine, in wealth, and in the number of pupils emailed. On the other hand, the City of Charlotte- town with over 14,000 people has only nine members on m Board of School Truetieos. In 104i over seventy of the one-room schools had en enrolment. exbeedlng 30 pupils while one hundred and forty-five such echoola had an ev- ereie attendance of less than l5 pupils. Besides. it. la to be remem- bered that school population often varies over u period, sey of ten or tlfteenyyeen-q school with an enrolment of 3b pupils today may have l0 or less in ten yours’ ting, end vice verse. Moreover. the eoet pee pupil in the school of ernull enrolment. ls very often three or four time: [router than lo the cue in the eobool of average creol- ment. In addition, the rate of taxation for eohool purposes vet- lee from district-to district.

0088111! QOlI-llll. I lfll 0N1- vfnoed that e ooaeidereble number of our rural schools leeve much to be ' . Contflilonrin many of the eollool fmliertlee differ little from thcee of thirty or forty your’: ego-inadequate end badly

ept [Milli l 011N911. unhealthy,

tarnished schoolmates

end poorly without om: e lfndll library and will little or no clear-corn er ru-

cree-tlonal sell-Fluent; and uncan- ltsry toilet. facilities. Yet govern- ment grunt: up to e. maximum olf $1390 are available ho uelet die- trleie 1n building new eohoole, or up to e000 for remodelling or" lla- proving existing echool faculties Ola the other hand.‘ it must be note-d especially tn those district-s where the Womena’ Institutes and other organizations have been tek- iag a leading port In educational activities that. decided improve- ments have been made. Such dil- trlcts are to bb commended for the splendid interest they have shown.