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«dent of the St. Lawrence Seaway :

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King Street West Toronto, Ont. 640 Cathcart St., Montreal

7 « Gorincs ned Oehed ‘States $12.00 per annum By Url elsewhere in P.E.1. £9.00, per annum. Other Previnces and United States $12.09 per annum PAGE 4 TUESDAY, MAY 5, 1959. Seaway Benefits + It will take many years. before the impact of the St. Lawrence Seaway on the Canadian economy is fully realized. The predictions now being made are rosy indeed. It has been hailed as one of the most am- bitious construction jobs ever under- taken by man, larger than Suez or the Panania; and of its advantages Hon. Lionel Chevrier, former presi-

_Authority, has this to say in his recently published book on the Sea- way:

“It will lower freight rates, ehange transportation methods. It wii? help to create the greatest con- centration of industry in the world, much of it in Canada. It will make the U.S. and Canada even more inter- dependent than they are now. It may not lessen the importance of New York but it will certainly help Mon- treal, Chicago and Toronto to become as large as New York. It will have- effects on the economy of the con- tinent which will occupy the atten- tion of economists for years to eome. The Seaway has given Canada a south coast stretching halfway across the nation.”

All this, no doubt, is true; but economists will also have to deter- mine what effect the Seaway will -have on the economy of these At- lantie Provinces, which, after all, are

- @ part of Canada. If it brings great }

prosperity to other sections, this will only accentuate the handicaps un- der which we have labored for so many years; unless, indeed, there is full realization that the benefits, like the huge expenditure involved, must be shared across. the board.

We have heard much—and felt much—of the impact of “horizontal” freight rate increases. Some scheme ef horizontal distribution of the Sea- way benefits will have to be worked out, if we are to remain a nation in anything but name. For we cannot go on building an industrial empire in

‘the big Central Provinces to the de

triment of the outlying parts with- out wrecking the ideal of Confedera- tion, and making mockery of the pledges given at that time. It is our hope that with the development the Seaway will bring, will come. more

_ sympathetic understanding and more generous support of needed power_|-

and transportation projects in this part of Canada, that will enable us to exploit our resources and move a- breast in the forward march that is so confidently predicted.

City Of Conferences - The meeting of the “Big Four” foreign ministers. at Geneva this month is a reminder of the extra- ordinary part played in international] affairs by this medium-sized Swiss

eity during the past century. The

present agenda, of course, | recalls directly that of the Summit Confer- ence of July, 1955, when the city played host to four chiefs of govern- ment—American, British, French, and Russian. ‘Then, as now, divided Germany and European security loomed over other issues. But there ‘were few international gatherings, past or present, which outranked in importance the meeting assembled at Geneva in 1893 by Jean Henri Du- nant, a native son who later received

- the first Nobel Peace Prize, to consid-

er ways of helping the sick and wounded in war. The result was the InternationalyRed Cross. In 1872, an- other famous conference arbitrated United States naval claims against Britain for Civil War damage. . Geneva’s Golden Age in interna- tional politics came after World War I, when, as the home of the League of Nations, it echoed the pronounce- ments and decisions of Europe’s lead- ing statesmen. During most of. the League’s lifetime, meetings were held

fn a former Genevese hotel renamed

the Palais Wilson in hofor.of the. Am- erican President whose greatest hope was to create an effective league of nations, but whose own country re- imposing ‘new . marble-and-granite Palais : des

Nations was opened in 1936 as the

League’s permanent seat. Already, however, disputes and withdrawals

5 a until 1946, the League of Nations

was moribund at the onset of Wo WarII. Its expensive building seem- ed destined to become an -interna- tional white elephant.

Nations,” containing ‘ hundreds rooms and huge assembly halls, pulses with activity as the European headquarters of the United Nations. On special occasions, such as the cur- rent Big Four meeting, part of the building is reserved for visiting dele- gations’ use. Besides the U.N. and other intergovernmental agencies

permanently quartered in Geneva, ~

scorés of international organiza- tions—business, religious, and hu- manitarian—also maintain offices there. It is a hive of industry at all times, but this month will see it the centre of world interest and atteh- tion, and perhaps of achievements in diplomacy that will pave the way for a durable settlement of the vex- ing problem that the war against Nazi Germany left in its wake.

Strengthening The Ties

* At the Commonwealth Trade. and Economie Conference last Septem- ber at Montreal a series of measures were outlined, designed to. promote and speed up Commonwealth trade and economic development and to strengthen the many other ties hold- ing members of the Commonwealth together. Recently, the United Kingdom has taken several steps to put-into effect the undertakings it made at that time. One of these is the convening of a Commonwealth Education Conference this year to work out a scheme to establish schol- arships and fellowships.

Under this scheme it is hoped that within a few years 1,000 Com- monwealth scholars and fellows will be studying in other Commonwealth countries at any one time. The Un- ited Kingdom undertook to assume responsibility for half the total number of places. The Conference is to take place xford, July 15 to 29, and its results Should be of far-

- reaching benefit and importance.

EDITORIAL NOTES |

"Tr health as Comrade Khrushchev,” said a Russian Communist official the other day, “it would be just won- derful,” He might have added that if the top comrade would only culti- vate better diplomatic manners it would be wonderful for the world in general. . e

One factor that hinders full West- ern unity-in the coming talks with Soviet leaders is the fear, common among Europeans, of growing Ger- man strength, whi¢h to them is al- most as disturbirlg#as the strength of the Soviet Union. This -is a. left- over of World War Two, and it is hard to get rid of it.

A little ‘while ago President Ei- senhower suggested Senator Thurs- ton B. Morton as new Chairman of the Republican National Committee. Commenting on this in the Senate, Lyndon B. Johnson, Democratic lea- der, said: “I don’t know a better equipped, better qualified and more. able man than Senator Morton. I can’t commend him, however, on his selection of a party.” That was dip- lomatic finesse of a high order.

* s -

‘U.S. Secretary of Defence Mc- Elroy told a meeting of newspaper executives that, “the United States has defence fdrces stronger than” the Soviet Union and these are fully adequate to deter a general war.” Assuming that to be a correct ap- praisal of the situation, it’s good

‘news. It would be better news still if we could be sure that the Russians are aware of it. They are not likely to start a war they know they can't win. It is just possible, however, that they believe they have overall super- jority. That ie where the danger lies. .

* +

A report by the Canadian Teach- ers’ Federation suggests that Can- ada needs at least~23,000 qualified teachers to replace unqualified ones. ' The report states that in 1956-57 teachers with Jess than junior ma- ‘triculation and only one year of

. training, made up 19.2 per cent of the country’s 123,340 teachers, This figure represents what the Federa- tion calls the “current minimum shortage” of qualified teachers. In, the matter of overcrowding of schools, it would take at least 9,000 teachers \to relieve the problem. One teacher for 35 pupils is said to be the “desirable” figure. Many Canadian classrooms have ag many as 60 pu- pils.

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48 Crestwood Drive ’

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THE OILY BIRD AFTER THE WORM

OTTAWA REPORT-

~ Dr. Smith’s Successor

By Patrick Nicholson

If we judge by the long delay in appointing a successor to Hon. Sidney Smith, Prime Minister John Diefenbaker faced great dif- ficulties in finding a man with the qualifications to be our For-

eign etary. Yet if we judge by those of advice freely tend- ered to him in public and, no doubt, in private, the Canadian workforce consists largely of men who are wasting their time in other callings, while possessed of-unused diplomatic skills and @ depth of wisdom in foreign reo lations. Among those’ who have been kibitzed for this job’ are men re in Parliament and oth- ers out of H. in the Cabinet and outside it: in the Conservative Party and against it. There have been career diplomats and car- eer-seekers; men who want [to climb upstairs, and men recom- amended_te_be_kicked upstairs. 4 Among all this advice, there has also been some needling, as when Hon. Paul Martin chided the Prime Minister for failing te reach a decision on this ap-- in five weeks, wh the US. President had just/ fh.

led a corresponding vacancy yy

PUBLIC FORUM

gion by correspondents of question ¢. taterest. The Guardian does not meses rres

eerily ex‘orse_the. opinion gr torr’ . pondents “ca

HOSPITAL INSURANCE

~ gir —As long as the Island ‘s going to adopt the Hospital Plan, | it might be well to profit from | the mistakes made in England | when their plan first went into ef- | fect. The government red tape, and the amount of data to be com-~

Among the Ministers suggested for this important post, Finance Minister Donald Fleming appears the most likely choice. Many peo- ple support the claims of Rev- enue Minister George Nowilan, who has quietly but surely es- tablished himself as one of our most competent, forceful and ef- fective Ministers. Justice Minis- ter Davie Fulton and Transport Minister George Hees deserved- ly have wide support too. .% Outside the Cabinet, David Wal- ker and Wally Nesbitt have both been prominently proposed. The M.P. from. Toronto represents the Conservative Party's most ou- standing unused ‘ability in the

stock's Wally, although only just 40; has had wide experience in

international affairs. The disability of the glass ball of ‘the seer to distinguish between ical colours led to the strange

' proposal that the leader of the

opposition, Hon Lester Pearson. should take the job. We also heard the suggested appointment of a strangely mixed bag among our present ambassadors, including, Hon: George Drew Britain), Charles Ritchie (Uni Nations’, ulés Leger (NATO)!.aad Arnold Heéney (U.S.A.).

The fong delay ‘in announcing this appointment probably reflects no doubt in the Prime Minister's mind as to the paramount qual:

i"ifications of the chosen man. >A

congiderable Cabiinet siuffle may gompe at the end of the présent session of Parliament, and a new

Foreign Secretary would natur- qualifications are there.

ally be included in those chan- &es. If Don Fleming gets that post, George Nowlan might move to Finance. Veterans Minister Brooks may 80 to Senate; Defence Minister George Pearkes would be 4n appropriate replacement for him; and in that case a ve- teran such as Davie Fulton, or Deputy Speaker Pierre Sevigny— or perhaps both—might take over National Defence's heavy load which needed two Minister un- der the Liberal rule Unportfol- ‘loed J.M. Macdonnell, now near- ing the three-quarter century mark, may be replaced as a Tor- onto Minister by David Walker, who is custom-made for the role of Justice Minister. Quebec Min- .isters Comtois and Courtemanche maxX .both find it advisable to seize the occasion of this ‘‘gen- eral post’’ to move -to invalid

cessor from Quebec in addition

to Colonel S$ Vigny. SMITH MADE IT Dr. Sidney ith had had no

experience in formulating and ad- ministering national policy in for- eign affairs, and had never sat in a legislature. when he was Picked from the president's chair at University of Toronto. He was sworn in as Secretary of State on what thé supersititous may re call was the 13th day of Sept- ember in 1957. Discounting what might be suspected (wrongly) in the eulogies spoken after his death, Dr. Smith had in 18 months and 4 days climbed surely to a competence marking him as a future pillar of the Cabinet. I mention this to indicate that inexperience need bar nobody from succeeding him, providing

certain persopal and intellectual

Angola's Modern Capital

National Geographic Society

Luanda, the seaport capital of

piled drove the doctors into @ frenzy. The hospitals became fill- ed with people who merely suf- fered a slight ailment and wanted a little vacation. Also, psycholo- gically, if the physicians are on a salary, paid by the government, the incentive to get ahead and concentrate on their patients dim- inishes.

The number of Island families | who would subscribe to the $4.00 | a month voluntary plan Pos probably equal the number who | now subscribe to the 4.00 a) month Blue Cross plan, which is relatively few. Why a large group of people would subscribe to the | Hospital Plan is hard to under- stand. \

I am, Sir, etc., HELEN MERRIL Crapaud, P.E.F. -.

REPORT OBJECTED TO

Sir,—‘‘It’s a pity he didn’t kill him, no jury would ever find him guilty.”” These words were printed

your Guardian of Saturday,

ay 2, 1959. They were reported as being said by cne_of our pro- minent Island lawyers.

I am surprised that the Guar- dian saw fit to print such a state- ment. Your paper is read by peo- ages, young and old alike. Is this the type of advice we want to pass along to the peo- ple of our Island? I have always been of the opinion that mem- bers ofi.the bar, officials of the government..and editors have a certain responsibility to the peo- ple. I do not think this respon- sibility includes a lesson in how to break laws and get away with it. After all, killing not only breaks our laws but also the laws of gov ‘ :

Anyone with a love of Christ ings, knows that # is not up to us to seek revenge on those who have wronged us. Have we not been taught ‘one of God’s Com- mandments, “Thou Shalt Not Kill"?

' Perhaps a member of the Glergy-might_be able to express this sentirhent better than Las a layman. I can only pray that no young or immature mind took the words of our lawyer to heart. T am. Sir, efc., :

DORIS H. MORRIS

rican mai

Angola, gives the curious impres- sion of. being a modern Portug- uese city that has been trans- planted to the west coast of Af- rica. It bears no resemblance to tropical ‘“‘bush"’ town. Buiidings of pink, white, and yellow stucco, capped with redile roofs, climb to bluffs overlooking the sea. Life centers, about the sidewalk cafes of the Rua de Salvador Correia. Luanda is one of the oldest Eur- opean settlements in Africa, How- ever, and vestiage’of a colonial atmosphere remain, the National Geographic Society says: An old fort stands guard over the har- bor, resplendent in a coat of sal- mon-pink paint. The elegant fac- ades of old churches are sand- wiched between apartment and office buildings. OIL. DEPOSITS As contmercial hub of Por- tugal’ rgest overseas terri- tory, }Luanda is earnestly pro- gressive. Its 190,000 citizens live by an unlikely combination of products—coffee, ‘diamonds, fish meal, and sisal. Their hope of tomorrow is oil. Deposits were found near by in 1955, and exten- sive drilling has begun. ’ The export of coffee, mostly to the United States, already has spurred Laanda’s economy. The population has trebeled since 1940. Trucks, jeeps and cars of Amer- are driven a- bout town with noisy enthusiasm. Luanda has not always known

. =

The real founder was Paulo Dias de Novais, who sailed into the craggy, bay of present-day Iaianda in 1575 with the idea of setting up‘a colony similar to Brazil. Angola's limited resour- ces. destroyed that dream, but the slave trade flourished. Soon a fortress, two churches,a hos- pital, governor's palace, and the thatched mud huts of some 700 settlers were clustered about the superb harbor.

CITY OF CHURCHES

Life in an economy based on slave traffice was harsh, but it had certain gracious externals. At one time the ‘spires of more than 20 churches and convents lif- ted above the skyline. The ladies of Luanda were wafted to mass on Sundays in curtained ham- mocks, trailed by servants, carry- ing prayer books, cushions, and fans.

Portugal has,held Angola con- tinuously except for one period. In 1641 the notorious Dutchman Houtbeen anchored off Luanda with, according to an old record, “twenty Galleons and close upon

tivree nd Men of War, Hol- la ers aligy: ians, brought from | Nassi the purpose of At-

tack.’ The invaders seized Luan- da and held it for seven years.

good old days,”” and, consequen-

chairs. In that Quebec’s Jacques Ft + . itkety: ae = “

but it would be best. to see a

Aren't We All Getting Older? —

i2Eg i

i E

i

“Healy

grow older.’

Inability to taste and smell pro- perly naturally affects your ap- petite, since smelling the food odors is as important as tast- ing them. In fact, the “taste” results from a combination of tast- ing and. smelling.

INADEQUATE DIET

Foods just doesn't seem to taste

as good to you as it did “in the

tly, you probably don’t - eat enough. At least you don't eat enough of the foods you need.

Now we know that digestive se- cretions decrease with advane- ing age. Because you elderly per- sons have a lower basic rate of metabolism, I suggest that you eat less fat and less starchy foods than you did formerly.

It might also be advisable to eat several light meals rather than the three standard heavier ones. Afternoon tea might be a good practice. ;

I always have urged supple- mental vitamins and minerals for just about everyone. Obviously, this. becomes even more import- ant for all elderly persons who probably don't want or don't get as much food as their younger neighbors.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

M.D.L.: Please tell me how to help cure tenosynovitis.

Answer: Heat and rest of the

mame of Christ depart. from | __—Audrey Alexandra Brows quity. lin the Montreal Star

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- OUR YESTERDAYS

#* (From the Guardian Files)

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO May 5, 1934) —

Word has been received from Mr. Hungerford, président of the Canadian National Railways, and also from Ottawa, stating itely that the automobile rates on the car ferry will be reduced this “summer to the $3.00 and $5.00 rates prevailing last season. The reduced rates will be effective from June 15 to December 15. —

' On Monday the paving of the North River Road and of McGill Avenue as far as the Sanatorium will be begun. The contract for the work is being held by War- Ten Paving Company, and will be carried out under the employ- mem relicf plan. After the com- pletion of the program, it’ is possible that further paving work will be undertaken.

TEN YEARS AGO (May, 5, 1949)

Miss Mariam Waye of St. Pet- ers last night won the. King’s County finals in the Junior Far- mers public speaking contest, held in the Canadian Legion Hall, St.

tle effect in Luanda and tie Angola territory, though the pop- ulation ‘of 4,350,000 includes only

gola, and it guese citizenship to literate na- tives. :

MAXIMS

The feclish and dead alone never change their epinies.

You Overcome

FALSE TEETH

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feel more comfortable. Avoid embar- rasament caused by loose plates. Get PASTEETH today at any drug counter.

The current wave of African na-

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‘@ = : : j NOTES BY THE WAY — > s Pe eee 7 E. . H's funny bow marriage often, A man whe stele a friend's stops a man from .| car and drove it several thou-— (ene ree ane © Sat | coed miles suid he Gd M a0 Of ae | Joke. That's taking a joke . it: ? too theré™ere too many lawyers in er places. This is not the case im Budapest where 720 of the Hungarian capitals 1,300 law - yers were disbarred in a purge. er There is no law that says you have te answer a telephone. If you were at the bottom of the garden, or down at the corner store buying a packet of cigar- etts, you would not know it had rung. And, except perhaps in one ease in a hundred, you would be Re worse off for call having gone unanswered. — Vancouver Province ters. Mies Lucille Wood, Farm- imgton, placed second: Miss Fio MacLean, St. pga aay and Elmer Curran of Mt. Hope, fourth Whether the caterpilla h Zoning as it affects the eas-| Between the ‘wins-ced -peemy ans tern and ra sections of the the rose province, the question of es- | Foresees a future’ nati tablishing a West Point ferry ser- sky — vice were dealt .with in an ad-| Spent as a butterfly, dress by Mr. Sanford Phillips, O’-| Surmise- who may or will, no Leary, President of the West body knows. 3 oo Ferries Lid., at yesterday’s » meeting of Associated Board | But offered wings befo S Cal of Trade council members to die, nn discuss preparation of a brief to | Somehow I am assured that ne be presented to the Royal Com- would cry mission on Transportation. “Wings Nonsense! Who that’s € ae enough to crawi * is safe-anchored wall The Age Old Story | is fool enough to_wish for wings. . a } ye Let every one that nameth

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