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PAGE FOUR THE GUARDIAN. . APRIL 23. 1951 T H E G U A R D I A N Upon by those Who are so hasty to demand -- A 3"; I9 llgggpbgr

Authoriud an Second -..-ma Mull Pull Office Department. Ottawa The Island uuanltnn runuuun; 0:

UIBUULATIHN total City zone ...... 1.163 Retail trading Zone .. I.l5'- Ali Others ...... I21; Total Net Paid .. .... ......., ..............u...... IJJJ-II

Editor and Managing Director. J. is Jurlaell -- Alwclato Editor, Frank Wlllusr.

,"The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest Ink"

cnAm..o'r'rc'rovvN MONDAY. sin. 2:, 1951'

The Dangerous Doctrine of Preventive War

The undertones which give substance and meaning to President Truman's dis- missal of General MacArthur lie not in the surface conflict of personalities, but rath- er in the resurgence which MacArthurls removal gives to exponents of the doctrine of a preventive war. To say this is to in no sense belittle the military genius of the former commander of United Nations forces in the Far East. Rather, it is to under- score the dangers inherent in a preventive war policy at the present critical stage in international affairs.

General MacArthur was removed from office because he declined to conform to the edict of the civil authority in Washington to the effect that he must refrain from pub- lic utterances on issues of foreign policy. This MacArthur declined to do. Under the circumstances, two choices confronted Pres- ident Truman's administration. They could either dismiss the General, or abdicate their authority in favor of a United States mil- itary junta in the Far East. Happily wis- dom prevailed and they chose the former course.

The Far Eastern policy advocated by General MacArthur embraces the idea of an armed attack on Red China, the block- ading of its coastline, the bombing of its cities and munitions dumps, and the use of Chinese nationalist troops at present in Formosa. Whatever the outcome of such a policy, its obvious and immediate implica- tion would bc a full-dress war between China and the United States. Such a war. judging by views expressed in London, Paris and elsewhere, would no longer have been regarded as a United Nations affair, but rather as a struggle between, the United States and Communist China.

The risks involved in such a policy would, of course, be far greater than those immediately at stake in Korea. For while it is apparent that Russia is unwilling to commit herself outright to war on behalf of Korea, there is no guarantee that she would maintain the same "belligerent neu- lrality” in event of a Sino-American war.

President; Truman prefers to play for time, to build up American armed strength, and to bring about a state of preparedness which will diminish the likelihood of total war. This is something quite different from appeasement. It does not mean a withdrawal from Korea. But by every to- ken it appears to be a wiser policy than the preventive war advocated by General MacArthur. The latter may have been a soldierls approach, but what the world needs most at the present time is states- manship of the sort that will save man- kind from a third blood bath.

Good Neighbours

Fhc United States is celebrating a good- Hill week with this country from April 22 to 28 and indeed it is a blessing, to use an old fashioned word, that we should get along so well with our only continental neighbour.

It could easily have been otherwise. A great nation might readily have tried to impose its will upon the small population occupying the half-continent on its north- ern frontier. Canada, iealous of its unique institutions and undeveloped resources, might have developed '-1 phobia about the American colossus and relations between the two countries would have been strain- ed and formal. Suspicion would have made every incident a deliberate slight or defiance.

Instead we live on very easy terms with the Americans. We rejoice in their good fortune and grieve for their deeper troubles. At the sometime we express our opinions freely, whether they happen to be favor- able or otherwise, on American conduct and attitude, in complete confidence that there will be equal candor on their part and an equal lack of suspicion or rancour.

May the day never come when it is felt necessary on either side of the border to step gingerly to avoid hurting the other's

Aueceptlblllty.

Farnm' Imus

Farmere' incomes came up for discus- sion at least momentarily in the Commons budget debate. Robert Fair .(s.C.-Battle .mva-)- made the point that farmers,

- make-,up 25'. any '41-eoeivapgtlylotnlspercent income.

-1

ioentofthecenodiuti

anti-farm legislation whenever the price of any particular agricultural product rises above what they think is a proper price. There are few in the highly industrialized areas who make an effort to determine whether farm costs permit the product they are concerned about to be economically produced at any lower cost.

This country became accustomed to low-cost food between the two wars and some industrialists would like a return to that situation, without, of course, any re- duction in the price of their own products. It would ease the pressure for increased wages and leave the consumer with more money with which to buy other goods at inflation prices.

The modern farmer, however, has become a businessman and shows no more inclin- ation than other businessmen to maintain a high level of production if it is only go- ing to put him in the red.

EDIIURIAL NOI ES

St. George's Day., I O I Shakespeare's birthday. I O O In relation to its population, New Brunswick has the heaviest funded debt of any provinceA&1312 per capita. O C I This is a date when the word ”England" is ringingly spoken without a glance about to see that there are no "North Britons" about to protest. O O O The Pope, in fulfilment of the decision recently announced, has issued an apostolic brief proclaiming the Archangel Gabriel, Angel of the Annunciation, as the pa- tron saint of telecommunications.

William Shakespeare, English dramatist and poet, born this date 1564. Accord- ing to tradition he died upon his birthday. The record of baptism April 26. His su- prcme position in literature is not based on plot construction so much as on character development and poetry.

The United States Supreme Court has let stand a lower court decision that radio stations may censor speeches made for political candidates. Both sides agreed the issue vitally affects the conduct of political campaigns and freedom of speech. There was no argument involved as to speeches by candidates themselves. Federal law says stations may not: censor their speeches.

O Q I

The 25 per cent reduction in potato acreage proposed by the P. E. I. Potato Marketing Board will make little difference to the large-scale markets in which we sell but it would be an indication of good faith to comply with the idea of such reductions by New England and New Brunswick growers.

O O D p

Tourist promotion has been unsuccess- ful in one field. The big guns of the na- tional political parties could have taken part in the Provincial election campaign had they owned or leased cottages or other property on the Island. It would seem that only the C. C. F. Maritime Director of Or- ganization has put in an appearance.

0 O O

'l'hc president of U. N. B. ascribes to humour the fact that the Empire con- tinued as an expanding force rather than a crumbling ruin. Be that as it may, the Island should contain seeds of greatness for there must be few people anywhere with such a lively sense of the ridiculous. ' ,

O O C

According to Mr. Donald Gordon, Calla- dian National Railways president, highway competition is the railways' big problem but he does not think they should try to meet it by stifling the opposition. Instead, he told the Commons railway and shipping committee, it is up to the railways to im- prove their service and try to work out some arrangement with highway operators that will enable each carrier to do its own job.

0 0

Are we to return to brown from white bread as we did in the 'nlneties as the re- sult of publicity agitation? A drive for an official ban against the sale of bread made from "agenlsed" flour has been launched by Dr. John Coghlan, :1 Hull practitioner. Thousands, he says, have died as the result of eating the chemically- treated bread, while the health of thous- ands more is meneced. He has appealed for six human "guinea pigs" to help him prove that his wamlng is well-founded. Agenlsetlon, in which flour is mixed with nitrogen trlchlorlde to give a whiter and larger loaf, has been a general practise in

n for more than 25 years. Discon- V of the process was recommended last year By a joint committee of the Min- istries of Hdlth and Food. At the time,

unotnew,infactithuhowever,itwasdeeloredthat egenisation

72; K 7oea'6mm

THE GAFFEIPS SONG

A sudden wakln'. a sudden weepln':

A ll'l suckln', a ll'l sleepln';

A cheers full joys and a cheers short sorrows.

Wi' a power 0' faith in gert tomor- rows.

Young blood red-hot an' the love of I maid;

Wan glorious hour as'll never fade;

Then shadows en' sunshine an' tri- umphs an' tears

Pile the gatherln' weight o' the

i'lyin' years.

Now nuld man's talk 0' the days behind me;

My darter's youngest durter to

mind me; A ll'l dreomln', e ll'l dylni. A ill low corner 0' alrth to lie in.

-Eden Phillpotts.

New Postage Stamps Issued For Centennial

The Hon. G. Edouard Rlnfret Postmaster General, has released Photographs of the four postage Slamps. previously announced, that will be issued to commemorate the centennial of the transfer of the administration of the postal service to British North America.

On July 28th.. 1849, an Act was missed by the British Government Empowering the colonies and pror- lnces of British North America to establish independent postal sys- tems. The Provlnce of Canada was the first to take advantage of this authority and the necessary pro- vincial legislation was passed trans. ferrlng control of the postal sys- tem to its own Government effect- ive the 6th April 1851. On 2'31-d April 1851, the Province of Canada was the first Province or Colony of British North America to issue its own postage stamps, the first stamp issued being the ”Three Penny Beaver".

The four special postage stamps being issued to commemorate this event will be released on the 24th September of this year, a date that will coipclde with the holding of a great International Philatelic Ex- hibition in Toronto. This exhtblticn is being organized by a. private group, the Canadian Association for Philatelic Exhibitions. of which the

cry President.

sued will be a 15c denomination

original "Three Penny Beaver". The original stamp reproduced on this l5c denomination was design- ed by Sir Sandford Fleming. This will be the first occasion that the 1

ntion since lB08. It is anticipated

plays an old-fashioned wood burn- ing steam engine and train that

Canada. at the Montreal Locomo-

Canadlan National Railways. also of a train in regular passenger l service on the Railway -between Montreal

a reproduction of the side-paddle l

service between Lake Ontario ports River.

Steamship "Prince George".

B.C.. and is operated by the Can- adian National Steamship: Vancouver, B.C., to Alaska.

The 7c postage stamp display: in the lower half of the stamp e.

The Ago-iild story

Thenepulnteael mm men them, saying, I an the light of

versary of the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty. It that a few days before, Cvromyko had asked in Paris that the treaty should be listed in the agenda for the Foreign as one of the causes of existing in- ternational tension.

cart before the horse. Causes pre- cede effects. They do not follow them. And it is a matter of his- tory that the international tension which troubles existed long before the signing of the North Atlantic Treaty in Ap- ril. 19-H).

dance, that 1947 was the decisive year. Certainly. in October, Postmaster General is the Honor- Lsyfggu ;:d :3 an 0 H , between the soviet Union and the no of ie four stamps being is- U. S. A. Certainly, 1,, , , 1947, zhdenov proclaimed at the that puill bear as its central motif foundation meeting of me comm. a miniature reproduction of the form --the sgmggic 15 between gm. perlallsm camps."

clally declared in 1947. The

Post. Office Department has issued second can hardly have caused mg a postage stamp of a 15c denomin- first,

that this new stamp will be found man even the signing of the pact. to be convenient for the prepay- In 1945.1: was only me soviet mom of the postage or airmail lel:- Union which was already strength. tors addressed to the United Klng- enjng its forces, dom. Ireland and Europe. The col- strengthen the fighting power of our of this stamp will be a" shade the Red Army," stalin announced of Ted that approximates tho llrli in the order of the day of Febru- colour used in the printing of the ary 22nd, 194.3, original three penny stamp of 185!. still more the military might. of The other three new stamps, e 4e, me soviet, State," In August, he 5c, and 7c, will display contrasts in issued new the means of transportation used to "safeguard the further to convey the malls in 1851 and of the might of the Soviet Armed those used today. The 4c stamp dls- Forces.”

was in operation on the Bytown British Army was cut fl-an 882,000 and Prescott Railway in 1851. The men to 388,000. The total defence modern train appearing in the estimates were cut from 13,200,000.- upper half of this stamp is a com- 000 to r9oo.ooo.ooo. posito of the first streamlined diesel they were down to Just over 8750.- electrlc locomotive manufactured in 000,000.

tive Works in April. i950. for the Soviet Union had announced and and proved by its act: that it regarded

Canadian Pacific with the Western Democracies and

and that it was increasing the "mill- that other At-

Vermont. tary might" of Soviet. states, The 5c postage stamp will display i-lll-'I Country End lvllo

wheel steamship the "City of Tor- ed that they onto”. This reproduction is dlsplay- strengthen

cd through the courtesy of the Can- They could not afford to ignore adn Steamship Lines, Limited. from the loot that on Slvolll” own '-'Vl' a drawing by Mr. G. A. Cuthbert- Cence. Russia had not only a son. This steamship was built at "mighty" army on ll" own WT!- Nlagara-on-the-Leke, Upper can. tory. but forty divisions in Europe eda, for the Royal Mail Line for oulrsldo ll" 0"" b0l”d"5'

and Prescott on the St. Lawrence lrlllit. llrst. "Western Union" In the upper half of this "19" the stamp, there appears a reproduc. Organization were born. They were mm 0; the Canadian Nauomg not. the cause but the direct re- -;-ms suit. of the tension which steamship was built. in Victoria. llud l"oClolmeo- 0' Russian (mm Stalin had boasted. I

Western Democracies was that the procem of organising and

Origin And Growth Of

by W. N. Diver

April 4th was the second anni-

so happened

Ministers Conference

Now, that really is to put. the

the world. today One may take it, on Soviet evi- 1946. interview that "increasing tension" October, and anti-imperialist so that the "struggle" was offl-

At- antlc Pact was signed in 1949. The

Western rearmament came later

"We must

"We must raise

designed growth

regulations

This was the year in which the

and by 1948,

It was only then, only after the

tcelf as engaged in a "struggle"

antic countries reluctantly decid- must organise and their own defences.

situation and North Atlantic Treaty

It was out of that

Zhdan av massive which ,

the Arm a memo of

of the

Even so, the reluctance so greatl

North Allantic Treaty l

Old Charlottetown (And e. r. I.) rrouccn-s onrruanv

gi&tlO&e(?9&t'30&O0ied03'

"Died at Murray Harbour Road, on the 30th ult., Mr. Norman Mc- Pherson, at the ripe age of 102 years. He emigrated to this Island about 40 years ago. having served His Majesty George III in the 79th Highland Reglrnent for 18 years previous to the battle of Waterloo."

-The Islander, March 5. men.

planning stage to the operative stage. The machinery is in exis- tence. It is being overhauled and "streamlined." But it is already working.

On April 2nd. Genual Eisenhow- er was able to announce that "the Supreme Headquarters of the Al- lied Powers in Europe (SHAPE) is activated as the headquarters of the Allied Command in Europe.”

The force which General Eisen- howcver commands of: the moment is little more than A nucleus. It is a nucleus which will now expend very rapidly. In the last six months most. of the member states of NATO have increased their terms of military service. They have stepped up their defence bud- gets from a total of something like szo,ooo,ooo a year to nearly 360.- 000.000 dollars. These money sums are being rapidly translated into trained troops and modern equip- ment.

Even a year ago NATO was hardly more than a blueprint. To- day. fl: is swiftly becoming a very formidable military reality. But only now. To suggest, as Gromy- kc and his Government suggest, that the armed force of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization is a cause of tension between the great powers, is indeed putting the cart before the horse. The one in only now coming into existence; the other has been there for years. It was the coup in Czechoslovakia which was the immediate cause of the making of the treaty: the ag- grecslon in Korea. which one the immediate cause of its current translation into a formidable real- ity. But behind those again was all that soviet policy which is summed up in zhdnnov's proclam- ation of his intention five years ago to "raise still more the mili- tary might of the soviet State.”

Return Of Capital Punishment

(Telegraph-Journal)

Again the question of capital punishment. for crime has come to the fore, this time in New zea- land. Ten years ago its y-lllament abandoned capital punishment. Murders increased. In seven years after abolition there were eighty- seven killing; as compared with 54 in the seven years just before the change was made.

While it was remembered that the period under review was in wartime, or f)O3lr'WBl'. W and that conditions were not stable and crime was flaring up, everywhere still it was felt, in New Zoaland that this alone did not account for the increase in murders. It was adjudged that, fear of the gallows

necessity for turning the alliance

is ha.-dly relevant to late problem. But in spite of all

worse, but it should be refiectedhed no harmful effects on human beings.

the world: he that follovvotln Me shall not walk in darhlena, but shall Inc; am right 1!! ul-

into a federation with a olnlie exe- cutive and a single parllament.- It the lmmed-.

these diffi- cultiee NATO hu definitely pan- ed out from the treaty stage to the olanninz etua. nnv mm uni

NEW CURRIE BLDG.

Second Floor Cor. Rent I Queen Ste. H-- Two Intranets T

llnlfent

us

17! QIOII.

Teleehoee uo

I Notes By

Vice-Admiral The Maoklntolh of Mackintosh, chief of the Gaelic society of Inverness, said at the will anniversary dinner of the so. cclety it was not generally realized that there were more people of Scottish 4 cnt outside Scotland than in it. Canada, with almost. one and I half million, had the lions share. he said.-(UK Infor- mation Office.)

Short sentences, like short words, strengthen our writing. The aver- age written sentence in Queen El- izabeth's day ran to about 45 words; the Victorian sentence -to 29; ours to 20 and fewer. Good writing is not achieved by rules and devices. It. is an art to be practiced. To wait for inspiration is fatally inefficient, although it is I common-enough alibi. The secret of success is solid daily practice. Armed with a few ideas: . a. genuine concern and interest in our readers; a reverence for and knowledge of our language; a background. constantly expanding. of good reading; we shall be well equipped.-(Royal Bank Letter.) i

It is not so long ngo that "Dol- lar Wheat." was the magic formula that promised to solve all West- ern problems. Now the magic for- mulu is in the process of becoming "Two Dollar Wheat." The new for- mula appears it several points in the Western f rmere unlons' brief which has been presented at Ot- tawa this week. The brief de- mands 32 wheat in its recommen- dation of a special price policy for grain sold for consumption in Canada. It appears again in the discussion of the United Kingdom, wheat agreement. The recom-' mendatlon for a special domestic pricing policy put 3. S2 floor under the price of wheat. If prices of other commodities rise, the price of wheat will be raised in sym- pathy. But if other prices fall, wheat remains at a2. e. bushel. The to figure enters the discussion of the British wheat agreement through the demand for a final payment of 25 cents a bushel on the wheat that went through