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Nov. 1,

. is facing keen competition from tel-

evision and other entertainment sources these days, and anything that can be done to encourage the reading habit among the junior pop- ulation is to be welcomed.

‘Anyone visiting a public library

will note the greatimprovement in

the quality of children’s books in re-

cent years. Their attractiveness of format contrasts vividly with the. drab monotony of the children’s books -of yesteryear. Once they have devel- oped the reading habit, children are shrewd judges of books, and show

-. @ critical acumen often superior to*

_that of their elders. It is by this means that taste is formed, and standards of judgement that are a much better safeguard than any pro- - hibitory laws. against the spread of obnoxious literature. _ ‘

_ In our day, however, comparative- ly few children can enjoy the de- lights of a well stocked library at home. Books seem to be the last thing the average family is inter-

_ ested in acquiring, on an adequate ¥cale, or feels that it can afford to ‘acquire where community libraries

«are available, It is not at all the

same thing—owning good bocks and

borrowing them for a fortnight’s |

—

casual reading—but at least the read- ing habit is kept alive by the latter means, and to children especially this “service can be a great stimulant to cultural and intellectual.growth. _ Tt is at this age that the imagina- ‘--tive faculty is most alert, and the joy that comes from “discovering” a great classic is felt most keenly. And of all the classics in the golden realm of books, the greatest are those which can be read at different age levels— such as “Gulliver’s Travels,” “Tom Sawyer”, and “Alice in Wonderland”, to.name but three that have endured

—and can be returned to, again and.

again, with zest and profit. To have ~ missed them as a browsing juvenile is to have been cheated out of part of one’s youth. It is to prevent this from happening... that- Young Can- ada’s Book Week was established, 7 and we can’think of more ambitious schemes that are much less likely to pay dividends in world peace arid

"happiness.

;*s—._Hog Deficiency Payments

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Sainticionee

As announced by Agriculture Min- ister Harkness, the deficiency pay-

ment program df providing price sup-"

port on hogs will go into effect on January 11, next, and the Federal Government will discontinue the pre- sent ‘offer-to-purchase policy Jan- uary 9. Thé existing support method, Mr. Harkness explains, has resulted in a large increase in hog production, and the accumulation of a surplus amount of pork, which is becoming ‘increasingly difficult to dispose of. The change to support by déficiency ‘payments, with a quota on the amount of production on which each pro- ducer will be paid, is designed to bring productien: into line with the amount of pork which can be market- ed. Prince Edward Island producers should welcome this change, under which payments will be made only to those registered as bona fide far- mers, exclusive of commergial or- ganizations. Application forms for registration are now being mailed by the Agricultural ‘Stabilization Board, and producers are advised to register immediately after receiving application cards. To be eligible for payment, they must market their hogs through Federal inspected and approved grading establishments, Under the new plan, the quota of 100 hogs on which a producer may collect deficiency payments will mean that at least 85 to 90 per cent of far- ‘mers will, on the average, receive

the same price for their A and B

~ ~

Seaway Tolls & Revenue

It is well to have Prime Minister Diefenbaker’s assurance-that the Federal Government has no plans for keeping the St. Lawrence River open” to shipping during the winter months. This would be an unecessary expénse in view of the availability of our year- round ports of Halifax and Saint John, and the need of our railways for all the business they. can handle through-these ports.

The September figures of cargo carried on the St. Lawrence Seaway during the first seven months of operation certainly do not warrant additional expense in icebreaker ser- vice during the winter season. Indeed,. it is. a question whether the tolls. shouldn’t be boosted next year.

It is provided by law that toll revenue most be sufficient to amor- tize the Seaway construction with-~ in 50 years. The U.S. and Canadian ° toll committees had this in mind when they based toll levels on estim- ates of traffic potential. First-year Seaway traffic was estimated at 25,- 000,000 tons on the St. Lawrence system and 40 million tons through the Welland Canal. In seven months, the St. Lawrence carried 14,200,000 tons of cargo, the Welland Canal 19,- 300,000. With only two months to go, the final-tolls will obviously fall far short of expectations. ©

Toll revenues so far haven’t been revealed, and probably won’t be until the St. Lawrence Seaway Authority

makes its report next -April. But |-

revenues will be related closely to cargoes carried, and the issue has al- ready been anticipated by the New York Central Railroad which claims

necessity. Seaway proponents argue that “to boost the tolls now would ~ be to kill the goose before it lays its golden eggs.” There is another adage, however, which is equally ap- plicable from the: railway point of view. A bird in the hand is worth’ two in the bush. > : ‘

EDITORAL NOTES -

Russian scientists have announced an achievement that may . outrank their success in firing rockets at the moon. They have constructed apparatus which enables cancer to be detected in its early stages. It is based on the fact that supersonic waves are reflected differently from diseased and healthy tissue.

_Yesterday we expressed. hope that for their own sake the Liberals would not be slow in answering Provincial Treasurer McQuaid’s revelations. a- bout the bank 6verdfaft. The Opposit- ion leader, Mr.’ Matheson, has lost no time in complying. He welcomed a Guardian interviewer and his story appears in today’s issue. We com- mend it to the attention of our read- ers. It will not lessen their concern about the serious financial position

of the Province, but it puts the pic-

ture a different perspective.

Prime Minister Diefenbaker took the first step one evening last sum- mer -when he held a coffee-and-cake lawn party at his Ottawa home. It was the first totally-dry-receptioh in the capital for years. Now the Young Progressive Conservative Associa‘- ion has announced that it will follow suit at a reception for 500 delegates and guests attending the national meeting on November 30. No cocktaits.'If this custom hits dinner parties, speakers will have to get along on the exuberance of their own verbosity.

ss 2 &

Washington figures show that ‘U.S. farm income has dipped $1,000 million more than was expected in the third quarter of this-year. The estimated drop of more than 17 per cent in the annual rate since the second quarter puts the income figure at the lowest quarter point since 1943, and threatens to cut the total 1959 income to its lowest post-war . The income figures came from

President’s Council of Economic Advisers, and are carried in the Council’s October report. prepared for the Jojnt Congressional Economie

a

While at the United Nations a delegate carries on his work ‘in what might—be—described as in- ternational territory yet he nev- ertheless, becomes a temporary + resident of the United States in his off-work hpurs. Through con- tacts with citizens of this coun-

newspaper media he becomes ‘sharply aware of some of the issues and events catching the

The biggest news item ir re- “cent weeks concerns the “fixing” of television programs and pub- lic interest in this question reach- ed its greatest he'ghts with the appearance of Charles Van Doren before a congressional commit-

jamming —_into_the committee room were larger than those who eagerly sought to ‘witness the Senator McCarthy investigations -of alleged ~-communists some years ago. —s_. \

The revelation that- the young Columbia University lecturer had been a major participant in what many people describe as a fraud came as a disturbing shock to many people in the United States. Now from all sides there are demands for a sweeping in- vestigation and w'desoread house- cleaning of the whole television industry.

DIFFICULT TO ABSOLVE While it behooves us all to have full compassipn ‘for our fellow men and recall the need for oth- ers’ tolerance and understanding ‘of our own errors it is neverthe- lets difficult to absolve Van Doren from. responsiblity. Three of the members of the Congressional investigating committee congra- tulated him for telling the pain- _ful truth. They were doubtless

anguished wish that he might not have had to live the kind of life forced upon him in the last three years. One notes too that he claimed to be following the ad- - vice of producers who’ assured him that the “fix” Was.-really part of the game. . >

But it may be that the fourth member of the Committee better explained the view of Van Doren’s countrymen. This con- gressman said he could not con- gratulate the young teacher for finally telling the truth - some- thing which was expected every day from the average citizen far

less endowed than the T.V. prize winner. Perhaps it. was re- called that when he was faced with the Grand Jury a few weeks ago Van Doren “denied ‘that his performance was arything but above-boaid. :

BROADER ISSUE

Yet the issue is much broader thati Van Doren and the other

yinners of big prizeg on Quiz

hows. The role of thé T.V. au- thorities and their sponsors , is also coming. under the sharp glare of public opinion. There are thoze who declare that the problem is bigger than the in- dustry and involves an appraisal of the general public’s attitude and performance.

A leading New York Rabbi {fn a sermon the other day deplor- ed what he described as a deter- forating public conscience.. Dr. William F. Rosenblum toK his congregation “In a real sense the eyes of the investigators should be upon those who sit glued to the television screens.

It is indeed a pity that the American public cannot be tried for its apparent apathy for per- mitting vice and violence, unbrid- led .sex displays even to be brought into their homes and into the minds of the young.” For in the end it is the man in front of the television set, who rea'ly determines what all those behind the show - sponsors, producers, the advertising agents and the networks - will put on.

NEW SET OF FREEDOMS The rabbi proposed a new set of “four freedoms,” (1) freedom from hunger of wonsors for mounting sales, (2) freedom from

oe

\ the bunger of prod cers for their

try and the radio, television and-

attention of the American public. |.

\

GETTING THEIR SEASONS MIXED AMERICAN LETTER Nernst ah ~~~ US.-Issues And Events

By Heath Macquarrie,MP

? client’s budgets, (3) freedom from. the hunger of the networks for ratings and (4) freedom from_the hunger of the people to° be en- tertained no matter what.”

How much will come of the present flurry it is difficult to ap- praise. Soon the excitement will die down bat the quiz show as an entertainment device will never be the same againn.

FEW IMPORTANT CONTESTS In the United States the first Tuesday .after the first Monday in November is generally an elec- tion day. Last year there was great excitement as all of ‘the House of Representatives, a

third of the Senate and-many gov- Lernors. were selected by the vot- |

ers. This year there were few contests of more than local sig- nificance. The Democrats did score a success in the election of a governor in Kentucky and by their—defeat of Harold Stassen who sought to become mayor of Philadelphia.

In New York state both parties pointed to gains and losses in municipal elections. A school building program to the extent of 300,000,000 was defeated by re- fefendum in this great state. The result is considered a rebuke for Mayor Wagner and a triumph for one of his Democratic oppon- ents, Mr. Serosa. There are few who hail it as a victory for edu- cation.

There are always top-flight visiters coming to the United States. One of the latest was President Tocre of Guinea who spent nearly two weeks here. The outspoken chieftain of the new African: republic expressed himself as highly pleased with his visit and he hailed the pro- gress of the negro in this coun-

impressed by the young man’s| try

EISENHOWER’S TOUR

Of considerable interest, too, is the pending visit of President’ Eisenhower to countries in Eur- ope and Asia. The United States Chief executive will visit coun- tries as far apart as Spain and India and there fs great pleasure in those nations which look for- ward to a visit from the highly popular~ American president. While there is some lingering doubt as tothe value of the

Khrushchev__visit there seems general agreement that the Wes- tern cause and world peace gen- erally will be a‘ded by the Pre- sident’s series of calls to other countries. ~*~ ey

But there are news items 68f humbler inspiration. Just tie other day I heard with regret the disturbing mews about one of my favourite fruits, the eran- berry. It is alleged that a weed killer.containirg aminotriazole has contaminated the cranberry crop in the western areas. As a result. some chain stores have withdrawn the delicious red berry from their shelves.

HOWLS OF PROTEST

Interests concerned with cran- berry growing have raised kowls- of protest. They argue that the Department of Health statement was quite premature since no tests had been made concerning the effects of aminotriazole upon humans. They point out further that the great cranberry areas in| the Eastern states were aot con- taminated by application of weed weed killers. Cape Czd and Southeastern Massachusetts where ‘sixty percent of the Na- tion’s cranberries are grown de- clare their crop is definitely not _contamfnated and that they have 60,000,000 pounds on hand with serious financial loss likely to follow as a result of the cur- rent spate of. propaganda.

FERTILE P. E. I.

Fortunately the cranberries grown in fertile Prince Edward Island are of the finest quality and richest flavour and I have no personal concern about the supply of this delicacy. It is I'- ely that many Americans’ tables will be adorned by the tradition- al dish, cranberry sauce, when Thanksgiving day rolls around later this month. The Secretary of Agriculture is setting an exam- ple for he declared yesterday that he would be having cran- berry sauce with his turkey the same as always. Two presiden- tial aspirants, Vice-President Ni- xon and Senator Kennedy. are on speaking tours in Wisconsin, | another cranberry area. They have gone out of their way to assure the public that they too will eat cranberries with Thanks- giving turkey!

From political summit to the lowly cranberry bog the expres- sion of public opinion is heard in this land so unexpectedly be- come a world centre in these

troubled times.

Cyprus In Transition

By David Rowntree Canadian Press Staff Writer

Two pitfalls on the way to p2ace and freedom in Cyprus have been overcome in recent weeks. At the m@&meént the chances are good that the Med- iterranean island can make the transition from British colony to independent republic next Febru- ary without more bloodshed.

The first hazard disposed of was Gen. George Grivas, the Greek soldier who led the four- year fight against British rule and who has since returned to Greece trying—vainly, it seems— to grab a place in the suns of Athenian politics.

In making that bid, he tried to capitalize on the fears and ha- treds of the Greek and Turkish Cypriots that have not been al- together burfed. He talked of tak- ing a hand in events but at a meeting with Archbishop Makar- ios apparently agreed to drop out of the picture.

The other roadblock that has been cleared, apparently to al- most everyone's satisfaction, is the role of the vice-president in the new republic. Argument over the issue had deadlocked the constitution - making conference for more than a month.

An agreement reached last February ending the fighting on Cyprus specified that the presi- dent of the new republic should be a Greek-Cypriot and the vice-

‘president a Turkish-Cypriot,

WORTHY OF SOLOMON

Each is given veto powers In certain matters but the Turks wanted a wider voice: Consulta-

tion oa all matters that cams be-

% *

fore the president. In other words almost co - equal powers. The Greek - Cypriots, who. comprise four-fifths of the population, re- fused to go along.

The issye has been resolved with Solomon - like wisdom. The president, who will most probably be Makarios, will have preced- ence over all persons in the re- public. The vice - president, al- most certain to be the Turkish- Cypriot leader Dr. Fadil Kutchuk, will take precedence over every- one after the president.

As a further sop to Turkish vanity; the diplomatic world is, presented with a nicety of pro- tocol: The president will be head of state and the vice - president vice-head of state. : :

Kutchuk pronounced himself “deeply pleased’ with the out- come and Makarios said “the most difficult stage” had been overcome. :

However, the islanders are st: nervous. There was alarm last month when a Turkish ehipload of arms ‘was uncovered and Makarivs suspended the constitu- tional talks.. If Grivas chose to stir up more trouble or if other difficulties arose, progress could easily be stalled again.

Meanwhile talks on joint de- fence arrangements among Greece, Turkey and Cyprus and negotiations on Britain's military bases are reported to be going smoothly. ‘

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- —Rapid breathing, buzzing in the ears or swelling of the lips or-some other part of the

body. 7

After Digitalis — Diarrhea, vomiting, very slow or irregulai pulse. ei , When taking any medicine you should, of course, follow your doctor’s ixsircctions exactly.

rIMING (MPORFANT

Timing ‘s especially important, since some medicines should be ‘aken on an empty stomach while others should be taken imme<- fately after eating.

Explicit inst-uctions about this were given to-you in a previous column. :

QUESTION AND ANSWER

H. W.: What causes white pim rles to appear on the inside of che cheek?

Answer: It is impossible to de- termine the cause of “‘white pim- ules on the inside of the cheek" without examining the spots.

Your docior should be able to enlighten you.

REQUEST ee

We ask no finite world, no sculp- ture done

To the last true turn of meditat- ed grace.

No world in.which all victories are won

And each man’s image bears the self-savac face.

A world whcse granite edges have i2en cut

To perstct form, where des- tiny is known

A friend, and every human heart is shu:

To ecsiasy and pain — a world of stone.

We ask no world where vision has been lost

And no live flower blossoms from a bud,

A world without one ocean to be crossed,

Without one standard stained with some man’s blood. |

These things we never asked. But this we pray:: e Give us the instruments, leave

us the clay! —Irwin Stark In the New York Times

OUR YESTERDAYS

(From the Guardian Files)

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO (Nov. 17, 1934)

The S. S. Zenda arrived at the Marine, Wharf, Summerside, on Thursday from Halifax. She was chartered by the MacFarlane Produce C. to load potatoes anu turnips for the New York market. John Pillman. New Annan, ana Simmons’ and MacFarlane of Freetown, are also shipping, po iatoes and turnips on this steam- er...

@ 8

' $lliot Acorn Primrose; Daa MacKinnon, Strathcona; and Spurgeon Jenkins and Sterling ‘VYood, both of Mt. Herbert, are leaving soon to attend the Royal Winter Fair, which opens in Tor- «nto next Wednesday. Mr. L. W. Roper, Federal Livestock Promo- ter, will accompany them and act as their guide and director.

TEN YEARS AGO Nov. 17, 1949)

At the annual meeting of the vcharlottetown Abegweit Amateur Athletic Association held in the zssembly room of City Hall last evening, Lt. Col. W. J. MacDon- ald was elected president for the coming year. George Francis was elected vice-presidnt; W..H, Beaton, secretary and W. E. Massey, treasurer. ae

At an adjourned monthly meet ig of the City Council last nigni, the minimtffiftomplete buiding in restrict- ed building zones in the city were raised from $2,000 to $4,000 for any residence containing more than one dwelling. Mayor B. Earle MacDonald explained that

4

enemies integration, So do most Canadians. Why then does the Federal Government continue to build more separate schools for native Indian children? Integra- tion isn’t served by—-expanding the facilities for segregation. —Van -

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specialist courses in foreign lan- guages. A recent survey showed there were at least 50 languages spoken by 2,000,000 or more peo- ple, none of which was covered by an American ‘uni Among these 50 were 14

by 10,000,000 to 42,000,000

—Hamilton Spectator

couver Province

+” We know less about the floor of me\ocean than we do about the surface of the moon. There are detailed map; of—the—heavens, | but the sea depths have so far vemained shroudea in darkness. Scientists are familiar with the major features of the ocean bed —the 35,000 - feet - deep trench- es, the 2,000 - mile - long frac-- wure zones, the flat - topped un- mountains, the broad ocean - long ridges, and thove abyssal plains as flat as a calm s#a. They recognise that the un- derwaterscape is cifferent from anything or lard or on the méon. But they do not_know' why. . Where do the waters come from, where do they go? In the fast few years four great sub-surface ocean currents—riv- ers in the heart of the sea one thousand ‘times greater in flow than the Mississippi—have been

; erea. may y others. We do not know.

We do not know either how many fish there are in our seas. Nor do we understand what caus- es fish populations to vary from ~egion to region and from season io season. Yet millions now must iook to the sea as an important jotential sourge of protein to meet the crowing demand for more food as world population surges up. .

WEATHER PATTERNS

Our weather. patterns are de- termined in part by the way the sun’s rays evaporate seawater But once again we know little about the basic mechanisms in- volved. Our ignorance about the waters which cover two-thirds of the earth’s surface is. staggering. That is way the first Interna- tional Oceanographic Congress, Sold recently at UN in New York, is so important. At last the one remaining frontier of this planet is to be systematically investi- gated.

The International Council of Scientific Unions is completing tians for iis first combined oper- ation in the least - known of the world’s sea masses—the Indian Ccean. During 1962-63 twelve’ na- tions, including this country, wi! carry out there a carefully pre- pared programme of . scientific observation. The total cost to the nations, iavolved will be about £33 anillion. ©. ... ;

‘Although the Indian Ocean, which stretches from. Indonesia to South Airica, has been crossed by traders for centuries, their

The Age Old Story

Beware.lest any man spoil you through and vain de- ceit, after the tradition of men, after the rudiments of the wor‘d, zpd not after Christ.

a Mysteries Of The Deep —-

The Spectater, London .

4 .

Indian

aefined ‘sea' !anes. The cceanographer, N. 8. k believes that the present-_site 7 occupied by 'and in Permo-Cag. boniferous— times—that - is, ab

chibians were the main forms creature life and there were pr mitive plants on land. —

HISTORICAL NAME He cails this 0 ni _twhich is also the historical for a large tract of hilly count corresponding roughly with wh we know as the Central Provine-| es). Australia was separated from

by the foot of man for millions years. All kinds of palaeontol- |

the domam of slave traders, ihat a coelacanth was found. This creature tas had a continuous

scientist, Professor J. L. B. Smith, made its ae cael ar 4 It is, perhaps, i we snall come across the dinosaur cr the flying r2ptile, but a of other wonders may be ‘ng us there. be : NEEDS NEW _ “< Oceanography is:no longer Cinderella of the sciences, though it still needs to develop new research tools. Most oceano=

ving

ed to penetrate into ‘inner space.”

The dathyscaphe and the mesoscaphe, a new underwater helicopter which is the : ‘child of the fabulous Professor Ficcard, will enable. scientists to ubserve the ocean depths direct- ly. The problems are great, men must be able to descend ease and. in safety through > waters, néarly seven miles to the deepest point. i

With such tools, they will able to collect data to help find solutions to many such soived questions — whether may have originated not in sea, but on the underwater surfaces and shallow bays ; ine atmosphere was poor in oxy-" gen but rich in and ammonia;:and where the salt in’

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washing out of the continents by livers. 4 e 2

6

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