race ran .__ _ l World Dates Of I947, I

(By The Canadian Pres!) 1: Nationalization of British coal mines effective.

2: Violence flares in Jerullkm- .4: vast atorm in Pacific 0W1‘ asoooo causes property damage. no casualties.

0: d! killed when Chinese al-r- lines- crashes near Tsinitlo-

‘f: Secretary of Stste By!!!” W" lllhl. effective Jan. 10.

13: Privy Council upholds pro- jected bill to make Supreme Court of Canada final court of appeal in Dominion.

1b: Britain and France to con- clude military alliance.

16: Vincent Aurioi elected first president of Fourth French Ro- public.

17; Texts of peace treaties with Italy, Bing-aria, Hungary. Romania. and Finland released by B18 F0111‘

Council.

21: Gen. George 0- Mereh!" sworn in as U. S. secretary of state.

s1: British women and children ordered evacuated from Pull-l"-

FEBRUARY

4; Evacuation convoys of British women and children move out of Jerusalem.

a; Ellen Wilkinson. 5°. minister of education in British Labor gov- ernment, dies at London.

10: Four million jobless in Brit- ish fuel crisis, drastic electricity cuts put into effect; peace treaties with Italy, Romania, Bulgaria. Hungsry and Finland signed b)’ Allies.

12: Wartime co-operation of Canada and United States for be

North American defence to continued durin! P900!-

15: Fifty-three killed when Coi- gmbian airliner crashes on El ‘rsplazo Cliff en route from Ber- anquille. to Bogota.

17: British Royal family land at Capetown.

1B: British government to refer Palestine problem to United Na- tions genetrel assembly.

19: Poland and France sign five-year “friendship and cultural agreement.”

20: British government lo leave indie. by June. 1948.

25: Russia approves United

l states control of 625 Pacific isl-

ands formerly Japanese; Deputies of foreign ministers and six-week (conference in London without agreeing on German peace treaty procedure.

Manon

1: Premier T. V. Soong resigns st Nanking.

2: Martial law imposed on more than 250,000 Jews in Palestine.

8: Jewish underground Irgun Zvai Leumi, declares open war- fare in Palestine; Stalin succeed- ed as minister of armed forces by Marshal N. A. Buiganlrl.

4: 50-year alliance signed by Britain and France.

7: 165 killed, 483 injured three-day rioting in Punjab.

l0: Pour-power Foreign Minis- lers’ conference on Germany and Austria. starts at Moscow.

l2: President Truman outlines new foreign policy and request; an

in

$400,000,000 to aid Greece "fin-key. . 17: Russia claims 810.000.000.-

000 in reparations from Germany. 18: Britain and United States

reject Russia's claim for 810.-

000.000.000 in reparations.

20: Large areas of Britain flooded. 23: British farmers estimate

flood damage in drowned cattle and sheep at $48,000,000.

l4: Admiral Viscount Mountbat- ten sworn in et New Delhi as Viceroy of India.

25: 111 coal miners die in coal- mine explosion at Centralia, Ill.

80: 40 killed, 137 wounded in l-Imdu-Moslem riots in Bombay.

APRIL

1; King George II of l-lellenes. D7, dies at Athens: Crown Prince Paul, brother succeeds.

2: Britain formally hands Pel- eatine problem to United Nations.

‘f: Henry Ford. 83, dies at Dc-

troit.

0: 132 dead, 1.073 injured when tornado sweeps Texas and Okla- home.

l0: International trade confer- ence of 17 countries opens at Gen-

eva. . 1b: British budget balanced for first time in 10 years.

16: Milton .1. Reynolds lands at New York after record round- world flight; 575 killed at Texas City when freighter Grendcomp. loaded with ammonium nitrate. explodes, causing chemical plant to blow up; General Chang Chun succeeds T. V. Soong as premier of Chins. e

18: British blow up Ifelgoiend.

20: King Christian of Den- mark, 78, dies after 35-year reign; Crown Prince Frederik succeeds.

28: fld-mile-en-hour wind hits United Kingdom, oil tanker Sam- tampe sunk. 42 lost.

M: British Royal hmlly leaves Capetown for home; Council of Foreign Ministers concludes meet- ing at. Moscow; use of gas end electricity for heating banned in Ingland.

2|: First spacial session of United Nations assembly opens to study Palestine problem; Poland and B-ftain to sign $202,000,000,- 000 trade pact.

l; British bill to netionalisa all inland transport given third read-

ing.

‘I: Brazil rules Communist party illegal.

9: Protest strike against food shortage in British-occupied zone of Germany; bill authorizing $400,000,000 aid. to Greece and ‘Iurkey passes U. S. House o! Representatives.

12: British Royal Family reaches London from South Africa.

13: Protest strike spreads to United States zone of Germany; Italian cabinet of Premier Alcide do Gasperi resigns.

l5: ll-member tact-finding com- mission on Palestine set up by United Nations.

22: American food ships reach German ports relieving food crisis.

23: Partition of India. prepared in special British cabinet session.

20: 49 dead in plane crash at Lo. Guardia airfield. New York.

30: 53 killed in worst plane dis- aster ever in North America; 173 dead. 30 injured in two days o! aviation disasters throughout the world; Premier de Gasperi of Italy excludes communists from cabinet.

31: Pro-Communist Lajos Dinn- yes becomes premier of Hungary after resignation of Fcrcnc Nagy

JUNE

1: 35 dead in Arkansas tornado.

3: Announce offer of Dominion status and its acceptance by Ind- ian leaders.

5: Palestine Stern gang admits plot on Britons by “explosive let- ters." King and Queen to be guarded; U. S. State Secretary Marshall describes in speech to Harvard University Alumni a new program of European reconstruc- tion-—-first project of the “Mar- shell plan."

B: Mississippi floods cause 28 deaths and render 22,000 home- less.

9: Mosiem League Council at New Delhi accepts British plan for new Moslem state.

13: 50 dead in crash of Capital Airlines plane en route from Chi- cago to Washington.

15: All-Indian Congress party agrees to division of India into Hindustan and Pakistan.

20: Russia. walks out for second time in United Nations history after clash in Military Staff Com- mlttee.

21: 71 dead in two days of com- munal rioting in Inciia.

26: Greece. before United Na- tions security councii, charges Yugoslavia, Bulgaria and Albania with aggression; Viscount Ben- nett. Canada's prime minister, 1930-35, dies in England, aged 7G.

30: U. N. It, R. A. officially dis- solved.

JULY

1: 68 killed when Italian muni- tions ship explodes at Porto San- to Stefano.

2: Conference of Britain, Uni- ted States and Russia on Marshall plan collapses at Paris.

4: India Independence Bill-in- troduced into British House of Commons.

S: King announces engagement of Princess Elizabeth to Lieuten- ant Phillp Mountbatten, R. N.

12: Czechoslovakia and Russia announce five-year trade agree- rnent.

13: Conference of 16 nations on Marshall plan decides to prepare survey of Europe's needs by Sept. 1.

15: British pound sterling, with some limitations, becomes con- vertible into all other currencies for current transactions.

i0: Indian Independence Bill passed by British House of Lords.

17: More than 600 missing after ferryboat Ramdas sinks in Bom- bay harbor.

18: Largest contingent of illegal Jewish immigrants, 4.550, arrives at Haifa after sea battle with naval landing party.

20: Arrest former Premier U. Saw and 19 lieutenants for mn- chlnc-gun massacre of seven Burmese council ministers, July 18.

25: Dutch say they have coun- pleted first phase of military act- ion against Indonesian Republi- cans.

30: Irgun Zval Leuml. Jewish underground, announces hanging of two British sergeants captured July 12; United Nations Security Council orders hearing on Indo- nesian dispute.

3i: Enraged British soldiers fire on Jews at Tel Aviv, killing five, injuring l8.

AUGUST

1: United Nations Security council orders immediate halt to war in Dutch Indonesia.

8: Tax on imported films means no more Hollywood films in Brit- ain.

10: William P. Odom, 27, lands at Chicago to complete fastest trip ever made around world- 19545 miles in 73 hours, five minutes.

l1: Unofficial British coal strike starts at Grimethorpe. Yorkshire.

12: British and United States negotiators at Belgrade sign $100,000,000 trade agreement with Germany for Yugoslavia.

14: Indie. and Pakistan become dominiona.

l0: 111 trapped coal miners die It Whltahlven. England.

i0: .10! dead. 4.000 injured when naval torpedo factory ex- plodes at. Cadiz, Spain.

20: British government revokes free convertibility of sterling in effort to nlvage part of N. .- 000000 U, S. loan.

21: fillets invokes veto twice to block entry of Italy and Austria into United Nations, raising to ‘aevau number of Inlet vatoaa in

lama. I: cabinet decides on austerity

measures to combat Britain's eco- nomic crisis.

30: 90 killed, 00 hurt in theatre fire in Paris suburb; mutual da- fence treaty unanimously approv- ed by l8 North and South Ameri- can Republics at Petropolls, Bra- zil.

SEPTEMBER

4: Report. massacre in PunJab. Pakistan, ‘of thousands of Sikhs and Hindus.

B: 300 killed in two days of Hlndu-Moslem rioting in Old and New Delhi; 1,406 Jewish immi- grants turned back from Palestine reach Germany.

9: Jewish refugees and British troops clash on transport Runny- mede Park at Hamburg.

15: Britain sells $80,000,000 of "last ditch“ gold reserves to buy U. S. supplies.

16: Japanese estimsio 2.280 dead as result of typhoon over two- thirds of Honshu, main island of Japan.

20: Fiorcllo H. La Guerdia, for- merly mayor of New York and director of U.N.R..R.A., dies.

23: Nikola Petkov, 54, Bulgar- ian Peasant party leader, hanged after convicted of plotting against Communist-controlled government.

29: Reorganization of British Cabinet makes Sir Stafford Cripps minister for economic affuirl.

30: Canada and AIKEN-lull 9190i’ ed members of United Nations‘ Security Council.

OCTOBER

l: Admission of Italy and Fin- land to United Nations blocked by Russian vetoes.

7: British cabinet shuffle re- moves Emanuel Shinwell as fuel minister and five other senior ministers.

l4: Paris paralyzed by subway and bus strike.

17: British and Burmese agree on independence for Burma.

24: 52 killed in plane crash south of Salt Lake City; 31 kil- led in train crash at South Croy-

don. England. 26: Deaths from cholera in Egypt. reach 5.501.

NOVEMBER

3: John G. Winant, 58, former American ambassador to Britain, commits suicide at Concord, N.H.: Stanislaw Mikolajczyk, refugee loader of Polish Peasant Party. reaches London.

12: British Chancellor of r the Exchequer Dalton introduces “cris- is" budget to counter inflation.

13: Hugh Dalton resigns after giving budget details to London reporter, succeeded by Sir Staf- ford Cripps.

19: French Premier Paul Rama- dier resigns; French army re- calls 140,000 conscripts .to meet Communist-inspired labor crisis.

20: Princess Elizabeth and Prince Philip, Duke of Edinburgh, mar- ried in Westminster Abbey.

24: French Premier Robert Schuman announces formation of coalition government.

23: Council of‘ Foreign Minis- ters of Britain, ‘United States, France, Russia opens conference on peace treaties for Germany and Austria.

29: Plan to partition Palestine approved by United Nations gen- eral assembly.

DECEMBER

4: Emergency bill providing heavy penalties for sabotage and incitement to strike passed by na- tional assembly as I-‘rance para-- lyzed by nation-wide walkouts.

b: Jewish-Arab communal strife. touched off by partition plan. spreads through Palestine and Middle East.

9: Russia and France expel each

others repatriation commissions and Moscow breaks off trade negotiations.

12: 48-hour strike of 500,000 left- lst-led workers ends in Rome.

13: Earl Baldwin, 80, former British prime minister dies.

14: General Edward J. Higgins, 83, Salvation Army leader, dies at New York; soviet Union announces issue of new Russian currency and simultapeous abolition of food ra- tioning. effective Dec. 16.

l5: Council of Foreign Ministers cdjourns indefinitely. after fail- ing to agree on peace treaties for Germany. Austria.

17: Commons approves increase of 1125.000 in Princess Elizabeth's nlltnvauz-r- anti £10,000 annuity to Prince Philip. '

20: Death toll in Middle East more than 400.

Anglican Dhurch Primate’: Message

HALIFAX, Dec. 31 -_ (OP) - If 1948 is to be a year of progress. attention must be given to the correction of the evils in our midst, Most Rev. George Freder- ick Kingstun, Archbishop of Nova Scotia and Primate of the Church of England in Canada, said in a New Year's message today.

The cultivation of virtues, he said. "seems important when there are such flagrant lapses in conduct and when people seem to think they may play fast and loose with moral regulations."

The four "cardinal virtues" of Creek classical literature-wisdom, courage. temperance and justice- wero ell~ needed today. _

Wisdom could be cultivated by discipline of mind and by experi- ence of life. \

Courage had not been looking in recent years but is still needed in facing herd things without discouragement and in building better social conditions.

"One of the crying -issuea of our time is discipline and restraint among young people and others in handling liquor which brings ruin to many s life and degrade- tlontomanyahoma," tbesrcli-

THE GUARDIAN.

Russia Dlaims To Be Gaining Upper Hand

LONDON. Doc 31 —- (AP) - Russia, claimed Saturday to be “gaining the uwer hsnd in peace- ful competition with the Western Powers‘ "capitalistic system" for economic supremacy.

A Moscow broadcast of an arti- clo in Izestia, Government news- paper. declared: “The victories of the socialist economy of the Soviet Union appear still more vivid against the background of the dislocated capitalist economy."

Summing up what amounted to a Russian progress P813011 on conditions 1n countries lining up under the Marshall plan and those going along with the "Molotov plan" of Eastern European economic co-operation, lzestia. said.

Not a single capitalist country in Europa at the end of the current year can boast of positive results in post-war reconstruction of economy.

"Quite a different picture is pre-

sented by Eastern Europe; the llx months which have elapsll since (Secretary of State)

Marshall came out with his ‘plan’ have graphically proved the fur- sightedness and wisdom of those countries which refused to walk into the American trap."

Country by country, 1t offered this picture of the results of the "peaceful competition" between the two systems:

Britain _ "marked by a dollar hunger...cerling to America one position after another _ rations haverlropped below the wartime level _ reduced imports and low- ered living standards."

The United States - no economic progress since the river's end with “unwarranted inflationary soaring of prices and an o'er-growing gap beirween prices and wages."

The article presented a picture of ("omlitions within countries co-operating in full ln pert with Russia:

Czechoslovakia -- “industrial oui- put has reached 90 per ctnt of the pre-war level real wages 0f workers have considerably in- creased."

Yugoslavian “the five-year plan is being put lnlu effort with the people displaying extraordinary labor enthusiasm." industrial out- put will increase "threefolrh" agricultural produce will grow 50 per cent.

Bulgaria ‘successful over- coming the economic (liffivulllcs caused by the wag"

Poland - “the three-year plan for economic rehabilitation is being on the whole successfully" implemented, despite the drought."

Hungary and Romania -- further achievements have been gained in the rehabilitation of etonomy..."

Russia itself - industrial out- put np during the first nine months of this year 1B prr cent over last year's comparable period. A “bumper crop" 58 per cent higher than last year.

Maritime Tuxis Boys’ Parliament

rosy the or

SACKVILIJE; Dec. 31 -- At the closing session of the twenty-fifth Maritime Tuxls and Older Boys‘ Parliament last night it was an- nounced that Reginald Graves uf Yarmouth had been re-elected as loader of the rc-construction party and Raymond Jefferson of Kent- viile as leader of the construction party. These two young men will run for premiership next year. Premier Louis Bursey will repre- sent this years parliament at a national conference of represente- tives of all the boys’ parliaments in Canada to be held in Ontario in August. Robert MacKay of New Glasgow, N.S., was elected to represent the parliament at. the M. R. E. C. leadership training camp at Chipman, N. B.. next sum- mer.

Among the sixteen resolutions

passed at the parliament. one of the koenest discussions was held on one regarding the liquor men- ace which reads as follows: “Re- solved that we go on record as de- siring to help to obtain a reduc- tion in the-consumption of liquor; this to be accomplished by having all hurls Boys practice total ab- stinence and by having informa- tion being made available re- garding the danger of alcoholic drinks end improper hygienic liv- ma. A resolution on major world problems read thus: "Resolved that church youth groups take a more united stand in seeking t9 solve the major world problems of war. illiteraw and poverty. through the following steps: (a) increased missionary activity; (b) international conferences; (c) in- ternational correspondence among Christian youth.

FOOT WAIIMER.

A splendid foot warmer for your bed on cold whiter nights may be made by cutting up s number of corks into smell pieces and filling s flannel beg with them. Bake it in a not too hot oven for 10 or l5 minutes just before retiring. The finely divided cork will retain its hut for a very long while.

bishop said.

Justice is clearly defined but "social justice" is still needed.

“Slums still remain in our cit- ies. facilities for dealing with de- linquency are inadequate, prison- ers have not the emlronmen‘. which makes for reformation of character. divorce laws still allow loopholes for man to ahlrk the rllhoulibilitv of Davina for the can of children they have brought into the world. and wrongs of men! kinda nav not been elim- inated from b society."

3‘.

crmntorrwrowiv WESTERN GUARDIAN

—$l'li CAlf buys brand new gas model washer. Phone 494-3. Sumnlerslde.

New Variety Di Dats For P. E. Island

(Experimental Penna News)

Although Erban is probably tho tnosl. widely grown variety of oats in P.1d. Islzulci, nl the present time it has scone fillllls that leave it Open to criticism. in on effort to locate something better than Erbau many varieties and strains have been tested over the past several years. selvfilicfls from the cross between Evban and Vanguard have been of particular interest in thesc tests. From this cross the variety lcnown as Beaver was developed and has become popular in many parts of Canada. particularly in Ontario. In PE. Island, however, Beaver has not shown much pTCllllSE and con- sequently has not been recommend- ed. From the Vanguard by Erban cross a strain called QBOG-K W85 of special interest. in tests conducted at the Dominion Experimental Station, (Thnriottr-touui, and at Il- lustrntlon Stations 1P1 Pr; Isluhd. In 1945 three bushels of this strain were obtained for multiplication. In 1946 this seed was further in- crensecl and it was decided, during the winter of 19-16-47 to name the vnrirty and apply for n licenze to distribute thr- sced. The name chos- en ivas Abvgivcit as it was felt that sucih a name would identify it with thr- Prrvrinrc first asking for its distribution. The licence we: grant- cti and S"-‘l‘9 1R grows-rs obtained send in the spung of 104T. Reports frrni ihcsv- growers indicate very’ satisfactory P0511115 and these are supported by favourable yields ob- tained in replicated plots grmvn at

C|l1Cll‘lSl.l0l.C‘.\'il and at country points. Abrgweit is three or four days

later in maturity than Erban and is moderately resistant to both leaf and stcrn rust. The straw is slightly shorter than that of Erban and crvlnlly strong. Yields over the unst four years indicate an ad- mntarzc for Abczxvcii. over Erbaiv of about. three bushel: prr acre. The kernels are less tally than those of "ban anti the weight per buslvl ls about 011w pound higher.

At the P-lflfllhillf- Winter Fair for 19-17 a srvnolc of Ahrvrwvit placed highest mung lsililld C-IYLPlBF. svliilc at. i-hc Royal Winh-r- Fair thr- only sample of Abczweit shoxvn nlucrd ninth in cmtpclitinn with all onl- rics of mcdivm in latc rupturing wlrlvlics. one? cf Fort William.

Until are (iex nod that have Erect“! rust resistance and are well adapted lo local conditions it. is fell. that Abogwcit will serve a useful rur- '10s." in isiend agriculture. For further infcurnntion regarding Abcmvcit. not; write to the Domin- ion l§XDt‘:"fllPlllfll Station, Char- lottettnvn.

Yields Mandala As Strife Sears The Middle East

By JAMES Dim-COOK (Uisnudlnn Press Stuff Writer) LONDON, Dec {ll — 1UP)

Slatesmcn u-ith furrowed brows henrrl the distant Ltmlertones of war in the Middle Enst as 194'? ended wilh Britain about to lay down her mandate in Palestine and Jews and Arabs engaged in bitter fighting.

The November tiwlslon of the United Nations to partition Pal- estine into separate Jewish and Arab states resulted in riots throughout (he Nlitldle East. By raid-December it was reported that more than 200 had been kill- ed in bitter communal fighting in Palestine while tho death toll for the t-niirw Ivlititlle Exist. was placed at Iiearly 400.

While the whole of the Moslern world watched the protest of its Arab co-religionists. Foreign Sec- retary Bevin declared that Britain would spccrl up both the silrrenrl- rr of her Palestine mandate and the final evacuation of British troops from the Holy Land.

l-fe told the House of Commons that May 15 had been fixed as the latest date for giving up the men- date and Aug. 1 for removal of British forces. hut both steps might be completed before those deadlines. 1t was up to the United Nations to (ind troops needed for enforcement of its partition pro- gram.