' lQqt-Npsoeenrlllg smut

CHILDREN” IIIIIIAI

luau-g our; ilnundel tn iiri Aflifid u has“ (hoe Mall. Pod IPFQPIHIWB (DUNK

Ulfi

Pedlenl. ha A. Berni-n. \lre-l‘nuldeest_ w; n, lithe“; 5N.1-~\‘rual.. u. w. emu-ii, ltldlllt and lions between ltaly and [Jim w, it", ltql I‘ ‘IIIIQ Director, .I. It. Roi-nun. Amuieti-‘Rshir. p mm ‘"' l"

that B nttinr.

"9' P" ""1 ibtrairons Also the cost e1 liv- ‘PI 1° 91'" 1111111194 obol-t S0 per cent in that ‘some period.

With the resumption at diplomatic rota.

Winpe the pnsi U111 be fangsiign. in q "Mo," gesture they have hastened to assure the Ethiop‘

"f". sgmnfl." Jhmm.” h, n-mkvr T; ions that the historic crown treasure, earned alt

the Weak: it! Ink."

‘I.II.\I.*I\\\.

. .._.__ .._._____‘.

Jl \f. ll. 1.111‘!

Adult Education

0116 If the most important movements of the present day is that ot adult education, but there ls danger it this movement passes too com- pletely under bureaucratic control This worn. ing is sounded bluntly if\ the report ol the Mum. toba Royal Commission on Adult Education, which has been published in booklet farm by the Manitoba Government and contains many suggestions of general interest and application. The report runs to over 160 pages, and dent; lrtonsively with the three chief channel; through which adult education finds expression, 1111111917. Qfilflilmerlts, universities and voluntary agencies.

"The members of the Commission," says the report, "have been concerned with the problem of adult education in relation to government and the dangers of propaganda. Propaganda has been described as ‘that branch of the art of lying that consists in very nearly deceiving your ‘friends without quite deceiving your ene- mies. (Cornfordi. _Unforlunat-ely in the hands of a bureaucracy it effectively deceives the vast majority of people who ore neither friends nor enemies.

"We have assumed that government in democratic countries is based on the will of the governed, and further, that people can make up

their minds, and that every encouragement should be given- ta enable fhemr to do so. This implies that the state is concerned with

strengthening intellectual capacity, and not with the weakening of that capacity by the ex- penditure of subsidies for the multiplication of facts. lt assumes that adults have been so trained in the educational system that they can choose the facts and reach their own decisions. We should be concerned like the Greeks with making men, not with overwhelming them by facts disseminated with paper and ink, film and radio. Education is the basis of the state and the ultimate aim and essence is the training of character."

The Commission does not comment direct- ly on the work of civil servants in departments of government which are concerned with train- lng of a technical or vocational nature, but says it is fundamental to adult education "that every effort should be made to enable the pea- ple to appraise their (civil servants’) work and that of the government to whom they are re- sponsible." It deplores "a tendency of associa- tions to lean directly on the civil servant for

I "support, of civil servants to become more prom-

inent’ tliFrimm/Snibers offfigovérnméiit/ possibly with the‘ "encouragement of government, andof active participation of civil servants in the dir- action of associations."

The Commission has attempted, therefore, to devise machinery by which the government's support of agencies concerned with adult edu- cation will not imply government control of those agencies. "The government itself," it says, "must be vitally concerned with securing inde- pendent criticism. We hope that improvements in the machinery will be mode on the as- sumption that the government is intent on free- dom of criticism. We have pointed to the dong- ers of university dictation and of government dictation and to the necessity of allowing those concerned with adult education to work out their own solutions. Existing adult agencies should not foster the illusion that they repre- sent a monopoly of the interests of the commun- lty, but should emphasize the importance of new agencies in helping to achieve a balanced view."

This new approach to the subject of adult education is stimulating, and the whole report is deserving of careful study by educotionists.

Farm liicoriia Arid Costs

lt is, or'should be, c matter of satisfaction to everybody that the Canadian farmer's money income has been climbing steadily since 1939. No long‘ memory is required to recall the diffi- cult period which agriculture faced in the early ’thirties. And this should be remembered when noting haw food prices (the farmer's in- come) have lurched well ahead of any other major itoni in our cosr-of-living bill.

The Bonk of Canada has conducted a careful inquiry this) t.rc matters of farmers’ income, and has published its findings. lt takes the average price received by the 'ormer for all products between 1935 and 193‘? and uses this figur-c as an index tnkcn of 100. Since then this is how prices have fluctuated:

1935 . . . . _ _ . . .. 88

19% ... .. .. 96.9 1937 ... .. . .. . . . . .. 119.7 19.15 .. ..

1939 ..... .. .. 91.8 1940 96.8 1942 133.1 1943 .. .- .. .. 158.8 1944 .... .. ,-. ..... _.. . 171.8 I945 176.5 1946 ..... . .....,... 183.5 1947 ..... ..... 189.5

In total ‘cosh income the change has been marked. Our farmers rook in $644,000,000 in I938, but in 1946, under the urgent stimulus d1 war and a post-war world call for more and more food, this Income had climbed to over $1,700,-

, . Average prices have doubled since 1939.. Meanwhile tllere was a sharp increase in the farmer's labour and in his general costs-y

ly the Fascist invaders, will be returned intact ,to Emperor Horle Selassie. The treasure includes {the crown of the Negus himself. and also that _.~l his predecessor, Menelrk, who defeated the fltalians on the field ot bottle silty-seven years ago.

The Ethiopian treasure, incidentally, was one of the few items of Miissolinfs swag taken ‘on his northward flight which has not complete- ‘ry disappeared or been siphoned oft through one or another unofficial channel. Somehow, the ‘crowns got turned back io the ltalian govern- .,mer.t, which hastened to lock them up in the vaults of the Ministry ol ltalian Africa. They will be taken out, polished up, and presented to the Lion of Judah by the newly appointed ltal- yian Ambassador to Addis Ababa, with on ap- propriate conciliatory speech.

The ltalian policy is expedient as well os generous. ltaly still has large interests in the Ethiopian territories. Some 10,000 ltalian na- tionals“ still live in Abyssinia, among them .thirty-tive ltalian doctors in the Ministry of ‘Health and five specialists attached to theDe- partment of Agriculture. The ltalian govern- merit hopes Haile Selassie will show a reciprocal attitude toward their nationals, will look favor- ably upon a resumption of trade and immigra- rion and will not press too strongly his claims to Eritrea.

— EDITORIAL NUTES 1-.

1t ls the fashion to emphasize the simil- ority of the leader to the led, but it is more in- structive to observe wherein they differ. I i i U

Army Headquarters report that 99 per cent of the new Army are veterans, which speaks well for both the army and the recruits.

i k I I

The summer schedules in trains, buses and sports are now in operation, and all depends on the weather and roads for a successful season.

I 1k I I

Progress with the Cor Ferry Abegweit is en- couraging, and there are still prospects she will be in service by the middle of next month, after her projected inaugural visit to Char- lottetown.

e e w a

Britain's pipeline system which during the war acted as a lifeline for the R. A. F. is not to

latte stoned

hie res-eat death at Inn lord ‘iul- 1o rri-nn iiie tune lAhPlt ‘revam- hll -r’d r-ionlrs. Porn and Hersey C.

l» A Rironir. IIWQHII. with

ltarr-irrrr. pilied the in.» agamsi Kl nillrr in nirri-vidty- an,“ | y-‘llliir-niion One day. 1-.1'\‘l\ n Florida. Mi Edison ray-ed . lllllllls"lli nutslloii at‘ who

1‘ .11 1H0 hi-flrr ytlesmpn ... Faifl or l- reviire" He suggested lhei the l\\ir men lesl tlrr-lr pawns o! p". whi-lll "u a ver-urln Hill Indian 1I\ ii: in n llfiirl‘) Bnnnnole ulllit. 11""! \<‘1l1 l." lh» Indioir rmrl plieil lllni “rill his mast appnnhng rind ~rlrolt ~nlos ielk --buf no sale! fwrll. f-‘ir-esione.“ laughed Idlsan, ‘Twill nliiztii l! well gii-enrv. The Indian tins rrn f‘ltl‘_ m how can .“nu soil him a ilrel“ But the lire mncnaie. nudeunterl. flllflf‘ his npileal -» rind effected a sale! "How in the world dld you do if?" hls lwa friends wanted to know. “It “as =lnrnle enough." replied Fire. strrrie. "l friunrl our lhnl the In- rlialfs little son is the idol at‘ T115 exlsience. so I just said. Chief. how about buying a nice. big hoop 1'01” 1'01" 1103'?" -—Your Life.

i111!’ I

Dr. Marcus Nadlor. prolenaor of finance at New York Unuersily. today sold that. "the long-advertis- ed business recession Ls finally here but it 1a not likely to degen- erate lnfo a depression." In an address prepared tor delivery to ihe nlosmi sessions of the Illinois Bankers Association's ailrlual eo-n- vetlrin. Nadlei- said the U. S. econo- my "ls in the mldst of a transl- tlcm from a seller's to a buyer's market." “The long-advertised business recession cannot be readily detected because production is at n high level, the national ln- come is running at the annual rate of well over $l75,000.000,000, and employment la satisfactory. “Not- withstanding thls hlgh volume of business activity, several industries have already felt the impact of recession. This applies to many soft goods such as textiles. shoes and beverages. It also applies to such items o5 cosmetics. jewelry and frozen foods. Prices of these commodities were too blghk-Frod- erlcton Gleaner.

When Carl Johann Bernndobto renounced his title as o. prince of Denmark is few years ago. he was hailed as a democratic chap who not. only had liberal convictions. but sppllled them. Now one can't. be so sure of it. Mr. Bernadette and his wife have just walked out o! an QSDOO-l-YGBI‘ duplex apart- ment in New York because the landlord "hadn't equipped ft ln 8 manner consistent with his tastes or social standing." At $666.67 l month, the BX-DYlHCQ thought. he should have received better value.

be dismantled. Every day it carried 5,000,000 gallons of oil from ports to airfields and other strategic centres. lt extends for more than i850 miles and cost $28,000,000 ‘to lay.

The Battle of Waterloo this date,‘ 1815, when Dictator Napoleon Bonaparte got his K.O. There was afterwards peace in Europe 1.01 49

west with a view to extending her dominance

in Europe, leading to the Crimean War of 1854-6. i ‘I I I Ex-Vice-President Henry A. Wallace has riot definitely separated himself from the

Democrats by declaring that there would be a third major party at next Presidential election, although he did not claim he would lead sucli a party. lf he does not, who will have the tem- ciity to substitute ‘fonlhigr? t

One of the minor problems of giving Ind- ian self-government is that of securing the welfare of the Sikhs. This warlike sect has been a loyal supporter of the British for a hundred years, arid many Englishmen feel qualms about leaving them without some guflrflfllfe 01 1011' treatment by the majority.

Recent airline casualties revive interest in monorail as a means of rapid transportation. Sliing from o single overhead rail trarns can‘ pt- tain as high a speed as aircraft, and in addition can be brought to a station right in the down- town area of a big city. They have the further cdvanlage that visibility and other weather con- dilions have little effect ‘on their operation.

w .-

Apropos recent discussion in Parliament. To change the fish sales picture for the better it is necessary "to make your industry more of a packaged-food business," Katharine A. Fisher informed the National Fisheries Institute. "De- capitating, de-tailing and cleaning should be done behind the scenes, and customers offered boned fillets and steaks ready to put into the broiler," said Miss Fisher. The speed with which your industry will grow depends upon 110W fast you scrap the ice barrel in favour of clean- Ing, quick freezing and packaging at the wharf- side. People do not eovthings bccausethey are good for them-they eat things HWY 111W." 5116 stated.

I er w er

Butter must still be rationed in Francor 115 are all other fats, such as oil and lard. This reflects the reduction of France's dairy herds due to the requisitions of the Germans. Since it takes several years for milch-cows to grow up, milk production in France in 1946 was only 47 million hectolitres, as compared with 90 mil- lion before the war. Consequently, butter pro- diictlon amounted to only 96,866 long tons, that is 115% of the pro-war figure. Whereas be-

years, until Russia begonher aggression in the -

He wanted furniture and furnish- lngs “of harmonizing period types." and what he got. was “outmoded" stuff. Perhaps his wlfe. who used to be a. countess herself, offered the more reasonable objection. "Dv- ery time we went. to the food bin." she said. “we found rots." —-Wll1d- 50f‘ Star.

A loo or paopla would Ilse‘!!! be newsrpapermen. 'I'hoy think there"; glamo!‘ about. 1t. But not. isll who sun-r in newspaper 111s 111111" good at it. To be a seed P691111“ requires n “M56 101' "W59 1'1 l person hasn't got the nose 1101' iiews_ ll. matters lltitle hUW 805d 1'11‘ academic standinz. he'll 11W" 1" a top-flight. newspapermarr. It's the some with. teachlni- 3111'" teachers can "impart knowledge. C511 gel along with children and really enjoy the work. 'I‘here are other: with g high professional standing who would not. make good Inch- ers in a thousand years, just; as LIIBFP are lawyers and doctors who are Lops in their" professions and others who never make more than ,1 mediocre jo-b of it. -L.ethbrldge Herald.

Nri pesslmistn are Winthrop W. Aldrii-h. Uhalfnlfln of the board of the Chase National Ball-k. M111 Thomas J. Watson. iircflflrrll "1 the International Business Ma- chines Corp. They see no 0111156 for "boom and bust“ alarms and predict. that the United slates will not sllffh‘ a major depression as lire aflornrath of war". Mr. Al- m-it-h and Mr. Wot-son could ht- wrnng, hul they didn't get W116i? they are rn the world of business hy making n habit of it. Thell‘ forecasts are on the record and for‘ reasons they must regard as sound. ‘limo. lt. certainly is lo hi: hQpgd, \\'lll hear them out. —Buf- fulrr courier-Express.

We" harr- repeatedly felt thank- rrn that we are n01. rirellv- Bsinli \\'lfl'lO\ll any special attributes o! mole beauty, we realize b1181- 1-116" ,3 iiitir- we can do to improve our appearance. so We are relieved of the i-anslant. worry which seems In afflict Adoniscs wlin classic features and the appropriate op- purtenances thereto. Cine direct. ad- vantage is that we have ino neces- slty to carry a pocket comb. In the hazy moments .1118! B1191‘ l’ \vakenlng_ \ve do make some more or less fuille dabs of. what: we laughllrgly refer to o8 0111' "c1911!" in; glory." Then we are throuzh for the day. Wr. have that. sol‘! of hori- that couldn't. be improved t~_\ repealed attention anywly. n0 we just. forgot the whole business. Bui. these numb-carriers never seem lo have rr moment's pence. Every time they see e mirror. 011l- comos the llllle celluloid contrap-

iarc the war 47% of France's milk supply, then ncarly double what it is tadcy, was used ‘for the manufacture of butter, today only 20% is used for that purpose. Half of it is consumed as whole milk, 20% is‘ used in the manufacture of cheese and 10% in the manufacture of powder- ed and other forms of concentrated milk. Only increased imports of butter and other fats

lion. and wlfh much faeo-screwlnil they make thelr public toilet. Even shop wlnrlovvr. with a flvaflblfi light on them. spur them to ac- llvlly. Of course. they show the results of this unremlttlng care. to much better effect. wd edmlt. then we ever could. But. they are such a, bother lo lhemselveel We

would make it possible to increase the butter

ailflileiirssroeion.

are content to go our lhlggy way.

Ste Stafford Cripps 0n “hurls! lsmtrimirs

‘"1111", R"1Ct1"t\l lirIn-msllnnl ‘The fnlloniile Mir-rim ‘M9111 b1‘ ll" Srnffruq (‘r"\r\\ Piesrderv of ‘he In the tlriitr-d Riv-grim. mini rlrlrr-rr-r-d n: nirnils.

finvrrrl -

I

""1111! til u.» li.i\r llwl w-i i)"; 1'

able in lmlltfldll‘ rn ihr lull ine

lrliv fulld-lmfllllti rinlnzn. l.l.il hnyo been brnuulri nbtillt u. rin- secorid (lint \\.n;.i n," 5",“, of us still hank-w allrr .1 rrtigg“ 111 11111'111l111‘.1'—lu rm a familiar: but little uudcrsiiniil fktll'(‘.\;iiir|_ After our experiences rind the

events of the lust sis yum. they; can he no complete rriurn lo pre- lrnl" conditions, if that ls Vtlllll no nroau by ll0l‘l’lllllt.‘_\'. We nrrclil 115 “1-‘11 “DEN. to re-crccl. a house that has been blown on bllS by bombs es to reconstruct the econ- Omy at’ tho pro-war period We must. bulld anew our economy jusl as we have to build .1 flow lltlirlfsP.

and the question is how can we best. build and what shall we build.

Ill/hot are these great changes thetzbove taken place? From my position watching. as I must do, the movements of inleriratlnnl trade. there is. I believe. change that. surpasses all others ln importance, It is a change that. was already apparent after the First. World War in those tragic sears of the iirtrr-uar- per-ind. Tragic because the maples of the world suffered so much and so unnecessarily from poverty and unemployment. and tragic too be- cause we nll made such mistaken efforts trying to remedy the situ- atian-mistaken efforts which led us unconsciously but nevertheless certainly lnto the Second World War. No one wanted to have a Second World War. and yet look- ing back now an what. we then (lid it looks almost as if we had purposely headed for" a second world-bide catastrophe.

The change which was airpor- ent. in the lnter-ivar years was completed during the second war. from which we have emerged in a totally different international eon- rlamic atmosphere. and the world must. try to build anew its blltzerl economy so as to protect. its in- habitants from those new atmos- pherlo conditions.

I I I

After the First. ‘ilVnrld War it soon became. apparent that. the producfrve power of America was outstripping that. of the rest. of the world. The balance of inter- national trade became more and more dlfflcult to maintain. Not only was it, difficult. tn balance current commercial exchanges of goods. but. ll WAS quite impossible to adjust past. unbalances at, the same time. International debts which had been accumulated ln the First World War just could not be paid aff and had to be written off. That. in itself was s. major sign of the unbalance that. then already existed.

During the war first, of all a fresh unbalance of the most. vlol- ent. klnd was created. Europe. fighting for its llfe in the front line-and Ilnclude our own coun- try tn Eumpe-was compelled ta spend lbs accumulated savings 1n the Western Hemisphere to get vital supplies of food. raw ma- terials and manufactured goods. We la particular were depleted of our dollar savings and accumul- nted large sterling debts. Other European countries dtd not have the opportunlty of completely mabllislng their prlilotely-held dollar resources as we did.

I I O

Then came the great. and world- snvlng invention of Lend Lease. - - - But when the war was over. Lend Lease accounts had to be squared up and something had to be done to carry on the economic life of the world.

Both sides of the unbalance found themselves equally embar- rassed. America hrrd worked up her efflcleney of productlon to such o. pitch that. she was able to "nprove upon her pro-war stand- ards of liviniz and still have en- ormous surpluses to send abroad.

0n the other side the countries of Eur-op! had had their produc- tlve capacity so far destroyed that. they were obliged to lower B10841- ly their standards of livlne -- in many cases to almost. stnrvnliall levels _- and even their they hail great deficits which could only 111'- frlled after exhaustlnrt their own resources by borrowing from Am- erica the dollars ilecessary to pur- ellnse American surpluses.