,_._.___ . - `\ ~f'

,concealed in her house various llnl-

Officlal Story i

i' . .S|\0¢|<¢fl the World

It is to.§f'Ssvo Womeuirom Those . Mur¢l=rm1’l`lnt ~Cmfiu.JFigliu uid

n'vres_°!\ Qoislgertwesty-ceeeod.‘ mr. me meteoric. .tm me do rhudderins' inet die Uusiteoie honor awoke t0-QW .onus min German: deliberately set “ide ell lowes! ox~"rrs.r, all considers-tiblll -#N3 WH’ "o\x`lve.lry,- but ci more vlisrrmnttr. - had in it

word. Mlm, the pale of clvililatht t\il.t`dl.)“tl_le` itll:-` ish Foreill Ofiflofe inode v\ib1i`c"tlr.`e report of 'NDIS Wiitlvdi. -'United states Amheledor -so Belgium en .the “trial” ond. ‘.'¢ll\_N¢i°n' _sf _Udlth Cavell. _ _ ` _ ` For days the world had waited for news of her. It bpd boobne lenllrelly known that 'I ¢ot'm"'ol t1Al'0f'eonte sorthnd either taken place or was .bout totcue plese,_!i\ some quarters mrs were expressed as to ner me- in some quarters, _but not in many. 'rin iw. me siie wéoin'ee¢uury'e» put to death does not seem seriously to have occurred to anybody either gn England or America. This is not eurprislng, for as we shell see, even neutral rwresentstires within nicht gg the prison in which she lay' did not conceive it' possible that a prisoner- leest of all s. womere-accused of the military “crlrsd' charged exeinst Edith Covell would surfer the ex- treme penslti- `

What was the story, of this wo-

msn's death that excused the world to a white heat of rilllteous indigna- tion? There have been many military executions of women Micro andnorrio since which while eenernlly lmown have caused no comment. what were the circumstances surrounding this case which made the names of 'tho men responsible for her death _ring round the world in a chorus or uni- versal execution? It will be best to give them ln the order of their _occur- l'€D¢8. `

wouuo No'r _sac/ive, Edith Cavellwas an En_xllshwomsn,‘ who for some time bo°tBre‘t`lle out- break of the war was the 'head of a.

big nursing'institution.4n.;B1-.r|esel.s...RE.#G§gd .R-E_i...&:€R.aY-MAN.. . ,.

Before the Germans. entered the city. rho had plenty of time to. escape, but sho chose rather to remain at her post of duty. 'There was plenty for hor to do. “founded soldiers, French. Germans, and Belgiens flooded the city and French, Germans, and Bei- gians alike were recelvedaud cared for tenderly and impartially by her and by her assistants. After her death when the Germans, thoroughly alurtled_by thefenersl deuunciotions of their action sought by every pos- sible means to belittle the name of tho woman they had killed, the then German Forei|n'Beoretery then de~ clarcd that she pave her services only at a price beyond the »res1:h of all save the rich.. That was a lie and tl very cheap lie even for the All Hish- est's official mouthpiece ss the evi- dence of many of the'former's men can prove. '

HBR ARREST. it was on August iztn niet mann

Calm!! WAI qtlietb' Lrreltcdi B0 quietly that news or the arrest did riot leur out tm the last any °f thi# month. -'Shot IU. Whitlock- WHO W” looking alter-tile interests of Britiih subjeotsgin Brussels, rs0e_ivtt_l_l °9l!\~ munication from the Blflfml ,F°*'°‘5’?‘ Omce asking him to. look into her cue. He wrote onthet dey to Baron von der Innckslb ¢|vi\ ¢°\‘9m°" °f Brunei; esblnl whether she wel under arrest. V be Governor did not even. sein te_§ol1. in itself e sur- ricienoy serious breech of interne- uoesl Streams. on' september xo nrr. Whitlock wrote mein eskitil' Wm!!- slon to take up the defence of Miss Covell with ‘the lei`l_t poldhle dbllyf To this von der ~lAl¢l\l_r0li°¢ 0"* the prisoner had admitted MNH

lien and french soldiers es well ss nucleus ol military ess) revies' sro- .vlded them ,with fllildl. end havin# facilitated their dspsrhsre from Bel- |ium._ He added defends had been intrested te an ‘edvecste by the neue of teena “wire ie nttenoh with the proper demon authorities" end concluded that illeee Gerudo authorities to allow inter- views of shfilld ‘with the secured Derson. ldeitre Gestion de Level. counsel 'for tiie"A`r'nsrics.n I.e|‘stion»

:ll therefore never permitted to soe er.- He ala, hovvsver.“n1'eu.;, _to set an itlter-view with fl§re.un'.» ohlyfto learn that the latter had cropped' out of the ouorend w's.s replscédby one Kirschen. Klrsohen in tum disclosed the applltnf fmt. that lswy'ers‘ de- fending prisoners- 'before German mllitlrry courts are not elloyvedto leg than glint; before the trlsl and Us shown none of the documents 01

*hs prosecution. _it wee therefore.

mlliltsstly impossible to prelll-I’.6 IW, tleseeee revs is the orseeiies of tits “lift ‘trial

_ 0A |-

of . Crime That

Tohru _ _ v

\l4_h_sd experience er Gerroenjmur. ‘UV °°“l'tl in eneration.. eoourmea this simon. unbelievable net. nu-_ sehen -solemnly vromised ee .Level W N09 him most. fully posted in ul the `ot'tl\e‘es.se. '

1'!-ll"TlllAi... - _ W° °°m°:`“°W £0 Thursday.-October

7' '1`”°»tl"~I~l b.°nn_ that day aria °e the _next as tp out avi. dence was brouzlit out at the trial. ‘or how the trial was conducted. we -knew nothins-and probably never .Will W6-know. however, that she Wt-I scorned of having sheltered and

persons tried with her. There .wus

119'", any mention of.ssplona;|>...|¢_

and for the seine reason which Promoted the 1{oiser's sneer noted above that Germans began to speak .°f "N “SPY Caveuff. She was ie British subfeot and __ could not be N106 by n German court on Die oharse of treason. As lies been said. Miles Covell admitted her "crime" end even volunteered the information _tlist some of the men so aided had Written ~he_r from England thanklnz her for her assistance. This made tho ease 'worse for her. It leid ber °D°\1 t0 the "criminal" charge (in the military sense) of having sided se|.i dlers to reach at country at war with C§Gl‘ma\‘iY_ineten,d merely of a. viola.. tion of the passport regulations into Holland. It would be interesting to knew why hcr "counsel" Herr mr. _sohen. did not prevent her from pre- .ludiolng hor case in thlaway.

The prosecutor asked that the

_death sentence be passed under l1l.l‘l_lru.Dh 90 of the German Mili- tary Code, which condemns to death those guilty of -.conducting soldiers to the enemy." Obviously only _the most strained reading of the para.- grepli could make it 'apply to the ‘prisoner-'s case. All this do Laval gathered only st second hand, and this brings us to _Sunday night, October tenth. '

two requests,‘on`e`“the.t liebe slldwdd to seo Miss Cavcll, the other that sho might have the services of Mr. Ciahan, the English chaplain. Both of these requests were flatly refused, word coming that she might see any one of the thres`Protesto.nt German chaplains instead. De Laval was fur- ther told that even if sentence of death were passed it could be con- firmed only by the Mllltaw Govoff

two or three days. 'But sentence had not yet been pronounced it was most' categorically stated. and probably no decision would be arrived at for two days. Once again s promise was given to de'Lavs.l and the United States Embassy and repeated half or dozen times that day that every move would be immediately reported.

At 8:20 that night de Laval got

_word that Edith Covell was to be shot'durin¢ the night. The Spanish Minister wee hurriedly sought out `eus`h¢,' as Laval and Hugh Gibson, secretary of the American Legation, rushed to von 'der Lancken. He was sponding the overlies' et s. dlsrepu- table theatre and there was much difficulty in getting ani orderly to disclose his whereabouts. lt was not till 10:30 that the Civil Governor delfned 'to Mturn accompanied by -two members .of his staff. Then be- gan s. night of earnest pleading* and striving for _the life. of the little woman in prison. Lanclrcn over and

gvor quo, proiestedhis ignorance. honed his callers to go home and sleep "reasonably" over the matter `s.n¢l come slain in the morning. It was only .when the cellors became -'renter `iir»`meut" tin the diplomatic lgnguele' of Gibsorll that- the irri- tated Governor ‘screed to tsleshoue to the 'preceding iudle of the couri~ 'mirtieli He onlne back with the .neue that Mies. ceveu was to be eliet durlill’ the nidht. There !ol~ loved two hours of the .most earnest

probilib' have done nothin( lriutself. but .lie flatly rstnssd to communicate with those who could- ifrlle arllirhents uscd by the oellers

' sufficiently blunt. They called

Lanoken swallowed it. _One mem- ber of his staff' rexretted openly that there' were" not. "two or three old ~mngllsh= women to shoot."_ Finally,

I aft midnls'ht.‘ when it become iglphrentrthat uothtns' could be done,

' , knot f mm who had

cl1'ei.;ris‘o¢hsi~‘ and loved her. Gibson tremnsd _the streets ull nrillt noebls to eleep.~ _

HER LA81’_MOMENTS.

“aided soldiers to escape. This she_ *mitted very rroiuriy. u ole other-I

was not till many months 'afterwards `

On October twelfth de_La._vs.l made,

nor. 'who was away from Berlin tor'

gnu-qty end persuasion. Leneke'n_

wero_ _ s, spade a spade more than oncc.'

the three men left to break the news

- . _1-us.

..,

- ..»...»»~»°“*

- 9

ri .

.__ _*___*

_ f

_ , , .

-~ t -. .rNms1mmr.

. iv are-“eg <1 rf “But mother has done nothing-., has she, Daddy?" ~ 5,...

:t “`~J‘_f-We, A u""%"' _ A f ' -~ i,',_;’:».

-._»-.v.-vnu ---»---wsu

patriptlem is not enough. I must have ii,'o hatred pr bitterness _towards any ocelf _ _ _

They shot her' just before day~\

break. She was denied the support ot‘hcr\‘Uwrl' clsrkymen at the end.| The German chaplain who was with; her then did not attempt to conceal; his admiration. “She was courage-I ous to the end. She .said she was.: glad to die for her country. She; died like a hero" he said. They re- fused to give ber body to herfriends. She is buried within the prison walls of St. Gilles. .

ALL n|oH°rs'osN|so -

These-are ‘ms hola facts or ner

_trlai~ and death. A. greater and more studied outrage in the _name of .justice was _never perpetrated. Every fundamental right. of the in- dividuel was denied her. There ws.s` in the first place no reason -for s court-martial for the German civil tribunals in Brussels were all til operation. 'Wo do not oompsi any- one to testify against himself. We Inform a prisoner in advance of his trial of _the charge on which he is held. We allow communication be- tween prisoner and counsel. our trials are public and open. Most nauseatlng of all perhaps.- _Edith Ca.vell‘s judges did-not pass sentence on her in court. Ai. dead of nltbt

they stepged quietly into her cell and told er other doom behind locked doors, At the supreme mo- ment she was denied the simple priv- ilege of one kindly face, one sup- porting friendly hand._ ~_ ;

Later on when Gel-mltny 'realised

that this shoottnz of one old Enkillh-' woman had stirred the world as no other single crime in. s. century., there was a frantic seeking ot ex-_ cuses. Herr 'Zimmerrnanm the ,Foreisn 'Secretary himself led the van_of the seekers. His discovery was that the judges had no discre- tion in the matter; that the mllitlirl/ code had to be observed. .But he made the bad mistake of admitting in the -next breath that women who e ed to 'be mothers were never

_himself could have _ psrdoned Miss Covell said von Lancken; When the Kaiser heard this von Laool:en‘

ereelized the verér serious harm the shooting' of Miss avel had done to the Gornisneause he ms.de'haste,to pardon every woman who had been tried with ner and advertised the

het to tlile gaeetsst possible cntent. through t e ne' of Spain. H'e'no doubt realised that in this one as in- the murder of the Duc ¢l'Enghlcn

crinlortr was u. blu_nder."_ _.. _ _ WHAT END SERVED? .

eugjeotso to the extreme penalty. ~ I' -_. . » . Now~tl\s,Ge\-msn rnumry oboe makes >\< ‘~""' -'§~"’”‘.

lt'i?.',‘fi°.“l 3’§°¥.?."3E¢.aiif.`.f“’3,‘2§'V.;§.‘i°t§ ~ ' 1 EDITH °Av=\-L - MARTYH

~<;~U; ip '\t-.1 _(0. _. ,_,_..,._........,_.._..._....__ .f ,,. _-'\`,,. _',j_»y,_~,.f hr/ my _ ~ _ ~~ ~--.n_.....» ~

..-.~/// ‘ ’- r

Ksif-

by, Napoleon n_ century earlier w_hat| had pelted was "worse than .al

nothin at all. Not even the Kaiser __ _ __

. , , .

xx ::t°..t.,"t.::'.:;'..=e‘.°2:;::"..°:.‘;‘l FOOD PROFITS CUT; _ Ae s. matter of fact 'and ss soon as

A C' GREAT BLOW FOR

LOWER 'LIVING COSTS

The Union Government’e action in taking control of

the packing business is regarded as the hardest blow struck yet at the cost of living. The official announcement, issued at Ottawa on November i3, says: ' ~

‘ “ln carrying out_'the` policy of the Union Government, as announcedfby the Prime”Minister shortly after its forma- tion, it has been decided,to establish effective control over iill _packing houses `in__Cs_ileda. -

_ ‘fT_he_control oi’.proi'lts shall bc as follows: ‘

"l. No ipscker shell be entitled to s profit of more than

tvoper cent _of his total annual turnover, that is, his total sales during any one year.

' "2. lf"the two per cent. on annual turnover exceeds

'seven per cent.~of the actual capital invested in the business 'thc profits ehslljbe further restricted as follows: ' "‘(a) Up to seven per cent. on capital the pscker may retain the__profiis. ‘ _ _ f‘(b) lf.tlte_.profits.exceed seven P" ¢°\1t- “Hd 5° “°f exceed fifteen per cent.. one-half of _the profits in excess of seven per cenrehell belong to the packsr and one-half . .tothe Government.” . . . .

"(c)’ Ali' profits in excess 'of fifteen per cent. shall belong to the Government. _ '

gg-nnnqilliil

will mn Wcluinuit vom ,mg mm

_ somnmsicolimnts-surf nor vicronli

There has been nothing more beautiful since the wer beqen than

the devotion of the women-folk of the soldiers to their men iviug in discomfort and danger. ’I`hey_ha_ve in the great majority of cases' abandoned every other interest in life and given themselves up entirely to working for the boys at tho front. They knit them warm socks for the wet trenches-they send them heavy sweaters to keep out the searching cold.-of a Fieuiishoyinter-t.hoy,»hi§ them au som of ,,-om. fortoble garments and fsnuhar delicacies--t ey. equip the hospitals in which they may ehmwe enhi; dayto lie with everything turntable to restore their strength and w e away the tedious time. '

' Their minds can dwell u nothing` but their beet bel ved on the battlefront/--how they can opohlnfort them, sustain thom,°keep them

.in good health and good heart, and enable them to press on like good sol 'ers. Is it conceivable then that these some devoted women-folk of our msgnincent men in the will dellberetel deny to these men the one thing they most covet? Is it conceivabIe that they will work night and day to give these soldier boys of theirs mere bodily

comfox_'_t, a.nd__th_cn_;vill n£_t spare half-en-hour to cast s. vote which will give t em w a t e v ue immeaeurably more--the reinforcements which will bring V'I(¥l`0RY? _

O O 0 Q

Touch the elbow of any Canadian soldier at the front and ssl: him

what is the single, big, dossling thing be wants out oi all the beet gifts the_world_oan cierl _Will he say "another pair of socks?" Will he soy “-a Jar of Jam?" It is too ridiculous to dwell on these trlvlelities, no matter how grateful and necessary they are. The all-engrossin , dominating, towering thought in the soldiers mind which dwm-In everything else, is heating the Bodies llld llvilll dvlllzltloll.

‘ U 1 C U l

Thereou ttobenotroubleinourvlsuslinnq' thisovsnewc ever

here in peaoeftlill Canada. Our boys ere risld t elr lives in Egrope; and we may be very sure that they sro dulllixtgls for no slight object. f All the comfort-bringing tl;.l‘n_§s we do for t em only enable them to “carry on” and take this d y risk for s longer time. The big thing is the risk--not the hnrdshi or the sufferings. The big thing, in a word, is their being there etlhll. And why are they there? To win the war!-that and that alone.

What they want their women-folk to do for them above everything

else, is ttf heltp them with the war. They enjoy comforts, but with every drop o blood in their veins they _demand VICTORY. They will die wi lingly if they can be assured that those who come after them will persevere_untll they have won VICTORY. They themselves cannot win this VICTORY alone. They hoped to do so when they enlisted, but the fates have been against them. Russia has fallen into disorder and Italy has suffered a terrible chock. More and more troops must now come if VICTORY is to be obtained. Arid that is what they supremely desire to be assured of to-day.

ll i U O

They look back to their women-folk in Canada. to vote solidly

for the steady stream of reinforcements which is to win the VICTORY, whether they happily live to see it or not. Their chances of living to see it. will be greatly increased with every new regiment which the Canadian electors, men and women, vote to send over. Every new regiment not only brings the VICTORY nearer, but relieves the strain on the men now under anne. It brings three things, relief, hope and VICTORY; but the greatest of these is VICTORY. -

It is impossible to believe t1_ia.t_this a cal from, the fathers,

husbands, brothers and sons at the front vviliphe dieregafrdecl by their

sincerely loving and anxiously listening and dovotediy laboring women- folk at ome.' They will vote as they have been working and longing and hoping. They will not give their beloved everything else, but denyvthem this one thing' most desperately desired.

Borden’ s Military Service Act

I vs.

Laurier’s Militia Act

Tho Military Service Act of 1917 in much more lenient and sympa-

thetic ln its provisions than was the Military Act of 1868, as amended by Sir Wilfrid Inurler in 1904. `

The old Act empowered the Government. to send ovrerseaa-; v.'l.tn

necessary for the defence nl Canada all British subjects in Canada between the ages of eighteen and sixtty years. The Military Service Act cells for but 100,000 men, between the ages of 20 and 34, raised not by tho Government but by Parliament. _

Injustice was inevitable under tho old Militia._ Act, because the men

were selected by the ballot, or blind chsnos. Under tho new Act, thc men are selected intelligently and sympathetioally by civilian tribunals. ` Again, under the old Militia Act as left cn tho statute books by Sir

` Wilfrid Laurier, the first clsse included men eighteen years of age. The

present Act leaves such young msn immune, starting to take soldiers only at the nge of twenty.

All male British subjects in Canada between thc ages of eighteen and

sixty were liable for service under the Mllltin Act. Under tho lifililary /Act of 1917, only 100,000 ofthe men _between `20 and 60 years of age are liable. -, _ .

The old system enabled the existing Government to cull out all these mon

.at its pleasure, whereas the present Government had adopted the more de- moorstlo way of securing sn Act of Parliament for esoh call.

The old Militia Act empowered military officers, in an en1er5encl’. 19

alter or destroy all buildings, lands, food. crops. fodder, stores, etc.; in fact,

the en.tire_possesslons of the people. The new Military Service Act gives no such powers to the military, but puts the control of the measure in civilian hands. Exemption boards of private citizens, judges and the local police administer the Act. ‘

lPsy for tho, rank and file under the new Act is more than twice as

high as was their pay as lsld down by Sir Wilfrid Laurier in 1904. _

. - »

Berlin, Ont. Pro-Germans

l~ Insult Borden

They Stand on the Laurier- Bourassa. Platform

_ _How Would The Kaiser Vote ?

Kitchener. Ontario, until s few months-ago, bore the nemo 'of

Berlin. It is~the centre of a district mainly settled by Germans. Wll_en the nemo of the town was changed o. large section of the oomnlillilty made s. brssenly violent protest. _ _ »

on saturday it howling mob in Kitoham-_ (argue-lm) shouted

down the Premier of Canada and refused to haer_lnm discuss wot' issue!- Reports say that about 30 per cent. of the sudleneeheto hostile. . Slrliobertllorddicouldssk-forsobeticr.reoo|se\el¢h8:=£.f hlmselfsml liiswerpolicytllenliile _hehevlosrhy ihe.l\\'°~ _

eecilon4,lfK.ltehener(es-Ber__l__||_:?é__ a ._~____i

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