THE LARGEST

fIn ‘order that we lnﬂl’ illlllYvPlaltl gjitiirl the message oi the brds and gain 1a better iuidi-rslainttitig ui who‘. they can iucun to tt.~ ii wt"

i KINGDONI OI" LIVING CREATURES

_ (By Dr. (i.

l5. Bruins)

wi- have of heating such sWOBtIIE-ES itiiti glory. O1 course, all day long buds are t-hirping and chattel-ini- calLng to one another and 869m"

w“ Univ ml“. 111110 to til-come .tc- luglr iitlling to its. "Plﬁllbﬁ 100k Bl Quinta-d with tiieiii. I wan‘. to mo“ but too tri-qttently we go out‘ Sh“... “p1, ‘m, mini- lltﬂl§ \\.ll(‘ll l \\'-.|\', tuietiitvertied. obsessed with

haze ivtlfliitl front riiiiliiig ,.iio.t'.

bi"

e llit‘ hottest blufidtii v1

n. ,»;- _ they laiood tt'llli'1"=l“

m,“ ,,,.,,1d l) ll u- up. it l.~. so exctetiii. , h. 'll~..'.'(~ iirr llilVl‘ ma“ Lgpg [lufugtlh kinds of bu.

in \;,.~--t, _-\ll\_rf‘i'l. iii lite‘. th’ t‘

an. i,~; l>.i'.l.-

11ft ullilli-‘lal ~~‘ doiii a the '

- . . . ., _,‘

l. i

‘Quill . "P

(llllltwj \"llll deaf ears. lltnt ‘I :i joy and ElﬂdllCFS we lll,._,l,t:.'l)\'llll1 n» ]|l't'-0CCll}‘ll(‘(l as ,_.;,. jinn-mt)" iliintiph lite!

.. ‘rlllllIZlllQ hiitv birds like to be 114.1!‘ ‘iinztiiiii beings. They fQlIOW ‘.\lif'n we build our houses. Th0)’

(in: ‘hark iii‘

y.

ll‘l~'itll'l‘lilii‘- but-k _\'1il'(l.< or 1\lll‘_\‘S 'I‘hey

:1’..t' them from 9111114114 and ivtlief.‘

i-t lztiwiv jut‘ ‘their

‘ etujxiiu-s.

lpllls‘! of ruin. kllltl.» t-t‘ birds can you call by ..:id wrh

(‘l l’. i.

“a! ,. _..(i,,.,=, ,. > .- - , -, t".l iyniiiitcilt‘ .\ student at

' ‘w. .i... , .. . , .

\ tktvid more hiehs» tin; Not-mat. College told me that Th“, mu ,1 - i-un sh‘ iiuti l“ill'll('i'l

R tier ll|l‘~\' m l/ l“ * “l”

(m, hm (.v'(\'\'L: . ' ‘liiti-e 5i) .td"l‘.l< lllCNS with zt teacher .1 t i, - i

a T ,., H , -'. - .~ iii the Iitrlv morning for a wzt-lk "F . ilt- - ‘ '

pltunafo of b- llt)l'lf"flll$ vtrt-e’

fmltis ‘it l)t‘(‘O!lli' better ztcqttaiiit- mitnv sweet songstcrs

itcros t Sf’ ed

scape s till "m tflilCh of spi "l m" " hnmr‘. ‘r mj ,.. 4 lli w in nature itnd in “u, 1,0 H, ,. chalice, (itidu: <-i-.:ttres is zirouscd. Life hug g Mind ("rllllltll be dull uiid tiiuiitcrcsting pmmml,‘ . gliyyu if tvc ﬁlll(l_'v' the activities and Y“ bu“. n mu H, pcuplc fii-"tniidtiiq: ways of the birds. jmlmey lmuug-n §_i,. -\ iqvcs thci‘. Such rt hobby nll of us could ari- blind ‘o F'l('l\ l.ii~.i'.i‘1' izll itbott‘. i"-1l¢i\'llli‘- l-(‘l 11$ ITEOlYf‘ l0 d0 5°~ “Mn. . Bot-s. and airplane minded people And ‘mm M. ha“. (ijyqntmil have a special interest in Vstttdyiing caller‘. to the b- illll songs, of birds because birds are the best birds incs‘ ‘_‘ll\l'll1tn‘ lIl ‘In eurh‘ "YfﬂlWl "X11131 "KIUIUW- T1195‘ 04m

W .ir'rit.ii"i"ti)x§ (ii-Qt iimji;

costly" fly a iliottsiiiid miles. even three. four. and six thousand miles.

(;_\|(|)[-;N They will spend the summer iii the

_,__,,___ Artie region and winter in south

ii-iixtl l-ltruis- Niiici Anicizca, covering a distance of

. ,3 m“. bppn 12.000 mtlcs. in response to their

vamp“. ._,._ c,’ , ;. Briﬂyt] unit migrating; iiistiiici. And with what speed they can travel! Birds have

1mg» tor many _ve.irs it only utmnmttitt-it: vii-filth‘ l . tiif‘) ltatfe become COll'l‘ili)ll ltl Canutlﬂ 3mg‘. utm- mupy- l)(-l‘,<(lll_- llltTt‘ thcni ttitﬂtiliiiiwiiltis tntiIli-lis urc living rtflitcd eat-ii _\’L‘NZ'.<A roll: bvfdﬂl‘ luigjivsc-ii ostaizrslicd a; the Exile!“- liilifhhll FUiTm, Ottawa. where rock and “n; - being testrd t stirvecd ttii- un-vtiue may

been known to fl)‘ a- mile a minute and some birds fly even three miles a lllllltllC. ‘They will fly direct ztuiiins‘. the strongest WlllLl and through it raging storm. The albatross, one of the largest birds, ufhtwe wings measure from tip to tip 17 feet. can fly day and night for 3,000 miles apparently slecpin; on the wing and at- times with no seeming movement. of its mighty

tit iiiitkm rock gitrtl- pinions. Beholding such marvel- t Lllpﬂllﬂlli nus creatttrt-s", 1t person can scarcely , < dutoutit refiain from shying, "See what

n1 bitiulll t..- l“.l1'l\' lll the spring \\'lll'll God hath made!" ,_,,;1~,~--,;i.,n fir .'ill‘(lv'.l nu .s uz i It is as ntuirs best friend, how- iiighes- illltl u-htn il()\\i‘l\ iii the ever. that. birds are slowly gaining gurkleu .iri~ tutu-t {l',)l)l'l"(..1lll*(l, Air the attention which is due them ' ’ it ioii o“ :h-- rork uitrdvl) and receiving the protection so

‘t (icpetiils on iittlittidttal 1- SLtlliFil. ]W?'llll,).. with 0115' ill-hm"

nenxv-sary from thoughtless htuiters- Bird lovur. hitre formed national

@-

ST

Cliieclivllein

3y w, 11, (lot-her.

A check rein l5 a very l|1\l>°1‘¢i11ll- strap in the harness of a trotlw 811d pacer. In the old days tlrs rein was buckled go the bit. i-un from there 1,0 a, loop at. the end of the brow band near the base of the ear, and was slipped over the cheek hook when the driver “an 1111(1)‘ l0 Si) 0" the road or K-

'I'his rein is usi-ii to keel) 11R‘ horse's head up and DYQYPUY 1111“ from dTODp-llg it and making “ll kuids of trouble for the man in the cart or sulky and road W380i) "he" i; was in use, 1,. [ililC a few horses became check fightﬁla and tossed

thev \-.:ll ‘livc their heads in such a W8)‘ m“ llley f

snapped the cheek rein and ran of!

ihcrt.‘ i~ more if they did not have a clever rens- sects which

mini lwhind thrill. One of the worst offenders muting

was Stonewall Jackson. His uamﬁ

ultos" habits you indicates that he amwared during its color ls not

or shortly after the civil war. As Stonewall Jackson had it fair

35 different birdﬁ turn of speed 101‘ his day his (“VX1913 takes the foriit

much this

him without making very headway. On account of

an outlaw us when he snapped his check rein he dropped his head lic- or kicked his driver ottt of tho vehicle to which he tvas ltltﬁhvtl- Finally stonewall Jackson was sent, to the Union Course on Long Island where l-llram Woodruff, Wlielply, Hoagland, Pieffvr, and B fcw others did the most of their (raining. One of these men after trying to control this horse devised what is still knovrn as the OVt-‘Tdrﬂw cheek. For Stonewall Jackson one was made as strong as an ordinary trace, It was run through loops in the crown piece of the bridle and buckled into art independent check bit, very much like what is used to- day. After fighting it for some time Stonewall Jackson surrendered and became a useful racing tool".

The overdraw check has (lone more to balance trotters and pac- era than any other part- of 1119i)‘ equipment. It is in such 200N111 use that 1t is now seen on over ninety percent‘ of the trotters Mid it is also unusual to sec a ll-“QPZ with any other kind of check. A few trainers W110 8P0 100d l low headed“ trottcrs usually can them with side checks. Selim ‘W8 veiy partial to them and used them on his last; trottcrs which iinclttded Newcastle, Newbtirger, and Bl Flora, Cox also has a number in his out- fit but I never remember seeing Murphy with one. I Then U181‘? a few trainers who are partial to what is known as W checks. They are usually seen on pullers, one of tlic leaders with that

‘llw l'f)l'l(.\ tutti‘ siitxii-titis for the protection of birds , i ,-.tt_ tliiv iii: ~ at and l)\' mettns of educational lcaf- equliYlllf-‘nt. bciulz Jack Ltxvhtirn with let 1w it lit tiv- lets und books are itcqttiiiiitiiig the Whlf-l) Gﬁcrs “on the Walnut lIiill siiﬁil. (tri hr ilarrtl in stttsli world \\'.lll the good which the C1111 V it suit‘ iliit tlii- eWl-ill‘. for iii" itnriotts kinds or birds on; doing in Al. times a "on"? ‘\l"l“““l'~" l“ yﬁus _\"l'n\,\ \'(‘l‘_‘,' llllll :i‘.. protecting ittdnkintl from scourge of 75°95 wllhmll a check‘ The hum" twin with l)ll' a hlllltll nrcit to insects, worms and rapid spreading some ill-l‘? "if"? Amman“ “'35 (me Wﬁfk on tllfrl‘ M“ 1111111.)‘ lTO$FllJlt' weeds. For example, the nlght- of these. Dickerson also adopted xvill-s of Zll'l‘ﬂll'_‘lll\.: it... sloth‘; and in ‘hawk, found ()V(‘l'_thc ivhoie of th¢ same style with the clever trot- lityzit; titir the uitrrlcu mid 0110's Canada and the United States in tﬂr H0llYX00d"COllll. reyit|!tt‘r~ttl‘.;it*.~'.< s brought into play summer, has been considered the Will Durfee wient to the other ex- it‘:,.~'.\*iiiii_ l" "lak" ll)"- m°5l P1935‘ Practice mark for enthusiastic 1111014? with the m“ ma" E5951“ iii‘ and nittural effects. t 5pQfl5n101L Little do such men anza. One day at Columbus a busr

ititrvher areal attraction of the rri-l-z mirdtbn is in the Stllfly Wlllfll it 1.. tier try to vvc to each kind o; plant so that it ‘will get a-favor- ti! i-- itmount of sunshine or shade and one inttsl, awn know ‘whether 1h" plant hlltjtmvlls best 1111491’ "9?!’ (ll'lt‘.' conditions or ‘.\lii'll1"t‘ it YIPNlF- n lll(‘.(lPl‘illP iii‘ li blllllll)‘ "f moisture. The inziir uztl needs of (‘lllll species in l‘.‘{;itl'(l to drainage must ‘also be li-uructl, ’l‘liere is a charm about rock plants. however. not possessed by most ﬁll)" D1805» ‘There are no‘, many of them that are suitable for cutting: their a‘.- (ructlon lying in their dainty and brightly colored iimtrrs and ln the case of many .\]).'.‘Ci(‘$ in the mass u, bloom which forms a veritable carpet.

‘rho rock garden also hits the at- traction (if huviig the largest, num- ber of species in the suiuilest space mid the ‘number nl kinds of rock and alpine plants that it. Ls tiossiblc 1o grow is very large. T1115 is what nukes rock gardening attractive 1o those in cities who have but a limited area on. a small lot.

'l‘hcrc is eitdless variety mid cud- Jess expeiamcntiig in fiiul which will suzccd. Some of the rock plants ailiery tiny iind them‘ have a great charm for the flntvcr lover, It isﬁttrnl for both rncii and women u. be attracted to and to care for ntndll’ thin-gr: Wll”lll(§l' it he children household pets nr plants, and rock mid alpine flout-rs illT‘ tlic jewels" among plants its children are the. jewels among huniankindr-W. T. Macmui. Dominion Horticulturist. morning r1‘ fll tWillRlll. then it docs 6.217: upon us the privilege

know the protection which night hawk affords them catching

bristles. tipped with a small beak» Over 600 species

night hawk. And the dove. fre- enemy of man, whereas it is one of man's best friends. One dove has been found to have eaten an enormous constunption of vicious Weed seeds, a. total of 9.200 wild seed. the despair of the farmer. One cuckoo W113 found to have eaten 250 tent cntciplllui-s. In the stomach of it eliickiidee were found 4M plant lice. It flicker devotirrd 1,000 cliincii 111185; o. scarlet tnnagPr wits seen to eat 630 gypsy moth caterpillars in l8 miiitites, and ii Maryland yellow throat ate 3500 plant 12cc in 40 minutes» Such facts prove the incstiinﬂbfe value of birds and why they should be protected, They are ottr best friends. Presbyterian Banner.

THE MODERN ECONOMIST

"The ll")tl'.l’l1 economist. as dc- scribed by Dr. .1. F. Booth, mmmla. sioner of Atzrictilttirnl Ficoiiomics at Ottnwii, is n very practical man. He studies the details of internal and external trade, thi; tariff mid its ef- fects on business, taxation and how the money is spent, banking and monetary matters, nil mo; 1M

the by millions of flying ants and other annoying insects. through [its enormous mouth, more like that of a frog titan a/blrd, with short

of insects have been identified from examination

made by experts of the common

quently shot down as though an

body romonstrated with Durfee for checking theimare so hlBh- H!‘ “'11s told that he could buy her and check her any way lic ltleﬂseil bull s.) long as Esperanza remained in the Durfee outfit no cliiingz- would be made. Iii a ‘word, Durfce knew his pupil's peculiarities.

Irving Gleason when telling how lie purchased l-Ial Ponter never rivii-ii to relate that Geers had to be very careful in 1111B lf-‘ﬂslh of that great horse's check rein and went so far as to mark the hole on the harness that went. with him.

Frank Chamberlain. the first Sec- retary of the Gentlemeng Driving’ Club tn Clcvland, had a mare nam- ed Ouida by smuggler. He gave her to Am Day to race. It was not long before Day found that, the change of one hole in Ottidai; check would shift her from a trot- ter to o pacer.

This was before Day became no- torious hy ringing Fred Wilton but the adaptibllity of Quida shower] liitn how to toss a race with her without creating any suspcion. With this knowledge all he had to do when she showed well enough to become a favorite over the field was to change Ouldws check and have n friend get a few of the field tick- ats and makg a nest egg.

transportation problems, price trends and their relation to the gold supply and many similar subjects. In some instance; men devote their ntti-nttori mainly to the study of particular economic questions, as for examplethe subject ofbanklnl!’

v THE

6K

.>~w-¢OI1Nl'a~<-aq~< .

n,

NEWS Y

I! AGIPOLA

NOTES

THE KS-RESIN SPRAY

Looking over some bulletin: the other day I came across an account of the KS-Resln spray which wa: developed at the Saanlchton B. 0., Experimental Station, a couple of years ago. This spray has proved effective against such fungold dia- euses as mildews and rusts on or- naincntal trees. shrubs, perennials and annuals; and deserves trial on other important diseases of plants. It is also a good contact insecticide or such pests as green-fly (aph-

in- to be

ides) and any other sucking may happen tircseiil. I

Before describing its preparation

i titer are near the the old time "was m“ “we a it min‘ be well to point out some of flow many differ- place for himself in turt howl‘?! its outstanding

advantages over other fungicides. Unlike Bordeaux conspicuous; spreads evenly over the leaves, and the resin cattscs it to stick on. It of a dry powder

u-vcks. A (‘lites 01' tried all kinds of devices to (Onlml which may be readily dissolved in

(‘OldlVﬂlfLTrDI can be stored dry for any length of time without los-

iind wooded hill.» smnewati Jackson became almost ing strength.

The Sadiiieliton laboratory gives

To all such students n We?“ his knees and either rm all the following directions for making

this spray: ltftx 4 lbs. of sulphur. 4 lbs. powdered commercial resin '7 lbs. of potassium hydroxide (po- tassium lye or caustic potash) in a metal or earthenware container. While the mixture is being stirred, one lb. (that is rather less than a pint) of iviitbr is added. This add!- tion generates enough heat to dis- solve and fuse the whole mass. The stirring is kept up till a gan- ulitr mass is obtained. While this granular powder is still hot, it. is spread in thin layers to cool and dry. When dry it may be stored, as aforesaid.

Fifteen pounds of the powder to one hundred gallons of water- ap- pears to be the most. satisfactory spray strength. This might be tried for control of curraiit rust. as dry sulphur is apt to blow about. '

Tllll FIRST AUTO IN P. E. I.

During the cottrse of conversat- ion with an esteemed visitor. I happened to mention that I'd been reading of- the first auto in Cana- dit, :1 steam car invented and built by Henry Seth Taylor of Stanstead. P. Q. in 1865 and first publicly ex- hibited in 1867. It resembled a "light wagon" with the boiler and cylinders itttached to the rear, and a six-gallon water tank to the front axle.

My friend then recalled that a former Priest iii charge of Rusttco Church. Father Bellecourt, (if I've uot. the stielling right) imported a steam cur prior to, or about. that. time, and this was the first. auto on the Isluiid; perhaps in Canada. Whether the RCV. Fittliet‘ designed the steam ear he could not say. but thought that it vms built in the U. S. A. and possibly to designs supplied. IL docs not appear to have worked successfully and after n time it disappeared but my friend could give little information as to how, when, or where. as this was before his time. Possibly some of the older folk may remember this incident. and I (for one) would be glad to learn more about the first auto in P. E. I.

Indian Medicine Plants (7)

Vii-la Sp. violets. These were of no medicinal value‘, and are only noticed because the Indian child- ren played a game with them re- sembling thc game of “fighting cocks" played by English children with rib-grass plantain. The chil- dren dlvided into two equal parties calling themselves after two differ- ent tribes. and the parties “snap- ped" an equal number of violets. The party having the most violets intact wan accounted the victor and taunted the others as being “poor fighters."

ll iwloum Mlchx. Cow parsnip. A medicine man said that, among, the Wlnnebagoes, the tops oi- umbels of this plant were used in the smoke treatment for faint- ing and convulsions. The Pawnees scraped or pounded the root fine and bollcd 1t; it was then applied as a poultlce for boils. A decoction of the root was taken for abdomin- ul pains and as "physic"-i. e. as a laxltive. An Omaha medicine man related that. the root was pounded. mixed with beaver dung, and placed in the hole in which the sacred pole was to be planud.

Col-nu: Sp. Dogwood. Kinuikln- ntk. The inner bnrk was scraped and dried for smoking. and all the tribes were very fond of it. O. nu- perifolla mlehx was the favorite wood for arrow shaft-ii.

Arctoutaphylol Iva-uni

(low

it“

59mm’- wlrberrv. also Klnnlk- lnnlk. The leaves of this plant also were smoked like tobacco.

A New Auto-Sleigh

Almost from the first application of the gasoline engine as motlva power, attempts have been made to llirlivaS it to the sleigh, but up t0 the present with little success. Un- der some conditions an invention would operate v fairly well. but it fell down when those conditions changed. The caterpillar tread, tho "paddle wheel," the rear air pm. pellet‘, and a singular construction of auxiliary corkscrew or spiral re- volving runners, lying llOlljﬂdQ, the real runners. are a few of the contrlvances for the sleigh which have had their day and caused m

Recently an Austrian Inventor, Joseph Rantasa, ha; producad u motor sleigh which gives good m. vice under the most savers tests. In appearance it resembles a jauiiting sleigh, with high runners: these runners are wide, like akin, and carry the load. Between them ls n caterpillar tread which is for drive only, and is independent of the load. The tread ls flexible to lihl‘ extent that ii may be pressed down (from the driver's seat) to increase its grip on grades.

This machine ls doing wonderful work on the Alps: one of its feats was the mastering of the Tuuem puss, altitude 5,580 ~ft. and grade 24 per cent. It can make 25 m. p. h. on the level, and has traversed snow 10 feet; deep,

Two Kinds of Hawks

Hawks. as was intimated in last “Nature Notes”, are not all lnjuy. lous birds-some are even benefi- cial and are therefore entitled to our protection. The injurious hawks are: Sharp-shlnned, and Coopers hawk, (the two who most- ly are concerned in raids on the chicken ram): the Duck hBWk and Pigeon Hawk, who rarely visit the farmyard, confining themselves to marshes for the sake of praying on Waterfowl; and the GOShaWk, the most powerful of all, which fortu. natcly is a winter visitor only, but an expensive one when it doe; come. for 1t can kill and carry off a full‘ grown hen.

But the man who shoots any of the hawks which are classed g5 beneficial, is doing a dlssetvlcg to the country; for these birds com sume great quantities of mice and other mammals, a few reptiles, and l-lallyliisects. 1n very few eases the remains of ‘small birds have been found ln their stomachs. These beneficial hawks are the ‘Marsh hawk, known by its white base of tall. and its graceful and quiet flight: uie Red-tailed, and Rcd-sliotildered v hawks. slow heavy fliers which feed on mice, squir- rels, frogs, toads and snakes; the Broad-winged hawk which like the last. two. is a slow flying bird, with a 800d reputation amongst those who know; the American Rough- legged hawk. rarely noted in this province, never kllla birds of any sort. any the omtthologista who have watched it feed, and examin- ed many stomachs; and the Spar- row hawk. a beautiful bird of small size, (10.5 inches) which feeds on mice and grasshoppers, with an occasional small blrd or sparrow for a change.

Doubtiess all hawks look alike to the man with a. gun, and it f; o. pity there is no “royal road" to distinguish the good from the bad. The Sharp-stunned and Cooper's hawks, (both injurious) are known in some puts an "Blue dorm-l" from their color and bold dashing flights; on the other hand thou hawks with I lumbering ﬂight: are likely to be of the beneficial spe- clel. '

IELPID MAINTAIN PRICES

In climate-rim! the put you’: activities the Dominion Live mo! Branch la it! Live Stock Market Report f0;- tlu weak cndod newn- b9)‘ 20.1931, mom n: -' v

"wiitie largely a inn-led of dinn- polnting prloarfor the various clus- m»: livestock, the past year tras 110'. wtthoutgouio convpeiwithig features particular-hum respect t6 the recep- tion given to the better grades of mo}; g1; practically every market session. It is IPDITQY"? "ml 01 W! mnjng branches of the agricultural industry, commercial meat animal production fared better than any othgr. T)» two sustaining factors m the mug-kg: fpf cattle were the micwai 0M lnrlﬂllm OI 019°"

“Arbor Day"

aa-tui-zana-msata

AND.

The Trees

A festival cortelpondlnl hour wa: celtbtlt-ed ti; Palestine at the and of January. "The New You: of the 17m." ‘The fifteenth day of the Bebm mouth of Bhavat. marks the wining of winter and the incoming 1f :pi-1n|,, mditualoyfulooauloziipcrtlui- luly for the children. v The early rains o! Deoombu r:- move the last luvs: on mo» o?! the trees in vineyard and ‘who. The vines are hm. the ff; tree ha discarded its foliql of wide 10th:. The meadows are newly plowcd and sown, and the lhoot: springing up are still mull and frail. In the early day: of January the ma: mil fall; the slope: of the mm Imam: the‘ creek: and rlvulot: m full and surging. Yet thou new! rain: of late Januu-y no the dividing line between winter and mini.

Tho almond mo in it: nrh of rosy white and the lclrlct alim- one no the harbinger: of Inrlul. Their rose-white buds cover the whole of the tn: trunk. branch and boulh-long before the lava mpeuzi-and 11v: forth : gentle aroma. It l: n. though : delicate IIIOWIBII has dulted ‘the courier-y- aide.

It is in this setting that the fes- tival of the bee: f: celebrated throughout Palestine by the school children. who plant the tm: them- selves, u a rule, in mm Dllbllo place. If a. settlement l: planning to plant: : grove, they lave it up for "The New Year of the Trees," so that the children may have the joy of the plantlnl.

The school march in procession singing and carrying their banners, and wearing wreaths of aprlrig ﬂowers. With appropriate song and ceremony they do their bit towards the reafforestation of a country de- nuded of its trees by long centuries of abuse.

anaox lover or cums

(Experimental Farm Note)" This disease is manifested by-t-h! formation of qall-llkerswolllngs on the twigs and larger branches of plums and char-nu. The 3:111. which appear first: in April and May, are yellowbh tn colour but Later they ‘ ome dark green due to the development of the fungi! on the surface. During the fall and winter, knots become dirk 1n colour and bud tn texture.

Investigations of this deem conducted by the Laboratory of Plant Pathology, 8t. Catlin-mes, of the Division of Botmy, Experi- mental Farms Branch, have shown the following measures to be effec- tive tn controlling black knot.

(l) The surgical treatment of affected parts an essential 1n eon‘- trol.

In this type of treatment several features should be kept in mind: (a) that the fungus is perennial in diseased bi riches; (b) that one crop of fungous spores (the mull-l by which the (ﬂame :pread:) matures when the young knots tum green in colour; (c) that I second crop of spores mature: very only in the spring on old ‘black knots. ‘therefore,’ all knot: pruned out in February or March. Branches should be out. metal inches below. the vhlbl: lnllfull- All prunlngs should be collected and burned because it ha: been proved that the more: of the fungus ripen on the brush pile 1f allowed to remain there. A

’ inspection should be made in the fail and iuiynew knot: that have formed durln: the, summer should be cut out.

(2) Spraying to prevent new 1n- fections. '

ion to imtnlnz in order w set but: results. We would auggut that the first application. consulting of llme sulphur (1:15) be mode tn Mlrvh or Avril. lust before the bud: swell. A ’ gpplioaitlon cumming of lime sulphur (1:40) nhould he made in May bolero tho Young knot: become green in col- our.

The cutitlnl 01315 0f affected wild chem” I Plum! adllcent tn cultivate orchml: 1| glgo m eslentlal control musurm-L. W. Roch» Dominion uboi-uitory of Plant Pathology, 8t. Catharina. Ont.

fad catth; and m: comparatively KIM: incl-um in the demand m: Blue Brand and Red Baud my, in all provinces when thl: eius of meat, officially guurmtnd o; o! 800d to choice duality l5 being handled by the trade, in response to consumer lllllmclntlon,

--'l'h0 monomia Annallat,

"vlblnﬁ (inneyld): "Allﬂtllllf h" hlt- Arervt- you Dllylnl with mar budget‘!

WllQ-"WIIY. M dour. You know

trade with or»; BI-‘tlln. faollltlléd u, u. iwgugtiydondma of gratu-

Ie made : lihul nlowuice for overhead lXDOnlll”

:-:ssuauaxaacﬁxmi-zzaecar-imtiieaau

lhoulﬂ u‘

Spraying ‘fa necessary in addit- 1

:-

% 152%‘?!

(}AdR1)% N

THEEARDE

It sou: coon nztrs

with mum: mad: UQd-IWWU- mama cm room _. m; wqvl "Q up ut map mini-out e" ma. mdp: of ﬁnance we locum :1_--

titu- mum-ma m an initi- bf thl: kind. which 1: written with m» whole of 0mm mutatin- llnpollfhlu m: llnhmuary) to do lntn varieties mama In ‘the ca- mucus you find muuklpocfal information mam the u under.- when ft bloom, it: "height and color and bother it remiss to lpecial- I ltkazrowlnllntheaunorti; the shade. whether it needs extra care or will thrive! even when » both husband and wife both belong to _:

golf club. Home flowers like v Stocks, Nicotine and Alyssum m noted for (Instance and are often grown for this purpose alone. Home like the Sweet Pea and Bal- pfgloul: make wonderful boquet-s but have foliage of no special Ili- trantfon. Little chaps like Alyuum, lobelll. and Portulaca are fine for bdllnl. while other: like Marlgolds, Petunia: and Alters will make a wondrful Md‘ in themselves. We should plan our perennial and mn- nual ﬂower garden with contin- uaneeofbloomfnmlndsothatwe will have something lnﬂower, m tlui time of the qnowdmpo in? fprll until’ Dahlia: anti-mp- dragonu fall before the heavy on- slaught of Jackrrost 1n the au- tumn. Like a good library our gar- den must reflect our own individ- ual tastes and must be as compre- hensive as a1 generous climate will allow.

wonnurvl. ouoicc in vs- qvranuis

Ixrvcxetablea, too, the choice is wide. The first things to go 1n and the first to be ready for the table are those of which‘ the leaves are eaten: spinach, lettuce, cress and such things. Pens also 80 in W311 the earliest, and radish too. If we choose several types, early, med- ium and late. and sow two or three times ten days apart, we can leng- then the season amazingly. Wher- ever possible add something new, something never tried before and in a few yea-rs you will have Just a: extensive and interesting a ve- getable _ as of flowers. We mull; I member that quick growth mean: tender growth. A check caused through dry weather or look of cultivation will tum our mots into tough, woody affairs. Get. away from the old idea that. only three or four vegetables can be crown 1n Canada and that these should all be planted in on; day. We can have : 300d garden from sowing: made in April and we can

for some reason or other we do not got lnythlnl in before th: first of July. but we can have-better re- turn: Iﬂll by lowing a little of something every week from the time the :oll first crumbles ff aqueual in the hand in early Illﬂnl rlshtuo until the fact cow- in: of com, turnip, potatoel, pep- pcr: and fall salad material. the ffnt week in July. Mak: moral aowlnga,» culftvnto frequently, wa- ter if. pnulbla whemth: drou|ht t: levorowlpply undoi- twodosn of good commercial. fertiliser/cue- fully and Moordlll ~10 directions. and tho-‘few cents-you ' iiutlntu lead wm suit»- babkt hi a continu- bu: dream of 800d thliila.

RECOMMENDED YARIETIES you: OODIMINQOQ the follow- lnl Ill} o! vcutoblo varieties l: re- mmmndid: -; juneralus. Mary wammmn. mo from MW "id A mu ennui-ream. Pencil’ Poi! muck “WR. Round Pod Klduw Wu. Sta-fairies: Green Bed. with Kentucky Wonder and Kentucky Green Pod as polo" sum: Beets, Early Wonder, Flat Egyptian, Early and Detroit Dark Red for later use; Cabbage, Golden Acre as a round-headed first early, followed by ooiientuhen Market and mm:- hulun Glory as mldiaeaalon; Cau- liflower. Snowball and earlleu Dwuf Erfurt; Cat-rota, Chnntenay. Danvera arid Amsterdam Corsica; 00m, for earliest use plant Golden Gem or‘ Early Market. Golden

Bantam. a standard yellow and Bvoweirs Eva-men. a ator Nah quality white; Oucum , Improv-

ed White Spine and Davis Perfect: Wlerr. fir» only. Golden Plume. medium, Purl: Golden Yellow or

Rapid: l: one of the most popular leaf lot-t: with New York or Non- Pmtt. when : bandit»! in vant- nd: Muakmtlon, 0am. antler‘: Cream. Golden Champlain or Ila- t-rl I-‘lrly Knight: 0mm. Yellow Globe mnvera, Red Wcnthernflcld.

also achieve wonderful rolults if‘

Easy Blonehtm; Lettuce. Grand .

.lQ?

Mdidenhair Fem U

i311” oil's??? ﬁﬁwﬁ " DUNS

The Ma-ldennaii‘

. - fern . l: native idwgg. “W. '9“ mum and up’ lllwl.“ 1°11“ all lihlbllgb Umldh-jﬂfnr north o; “ma. Ind through tho pull“ ELEM‘ 110m Mame t5 the mountains‘ o; 5°"!!!- a: far. West as Avian,“ Q1111 800th t0 DIIWM. and is w"; 1'°\"".i- in will! lllllﬂtltles, iii cm, fornla. It l: a belutlful, 3mm‘ Flint peculiar 1n. “m, m“ “um different from other ferns.

The fruit dots In mﬁrjmgl and short- and are borne on the undq Bide; 9f the rounded indented mar. gizvof the lobe of the frond. The len-fatalkt are blank and often n. soluble atrands of pollghgq ebony‘

P) "w Wooded nuts of the 001m. try when the bitches, maples sud beeches crow the thickest 0m i. molt apt to find the delicate mai- dwhlll‘. Blwctally 1f there are o, few secluded and shady nook, where the nun cannot beat through, Acid not]: like thou frequented by the evergreens and oak: is up; suited for thl: fastidious plant, u must have rich, sweet. moist soil, but than are few woods that can. not boast of a fey clumps at: least.

There are many varieties of this beautiful fern and while the finer mm can only be found in the low- 91‘ DB" 0f ")6 Drﬂvlnoﬂ. t-ha more hardy varletea are commonly (wad 411911» Breton and in the illttlajvnodﬂd vallay between the two mountains at George's River, quantities of maiden hali- fern ls to be found.

Due to the fact that: this place is not; well known to those who go to the woods Only l0 destroy our exquisite flora rather than to ad- mire and learn about its hablta the plant has not been greatly de- pleted and may be found than la large. quantities. It is also common" in the Baddeck River valley and in other wooded districts of Victoria county. '

Old writers tell ua that the finc- iieas of the dark brown and often Jet black swirls so impressed the ancients with ‘ a resemblance to the hair of a maiden that the name ‘“maiden's hair" was given to the plant, a. rmme which has been handed down through many generations, however a few other local names have been applied, Such-as “Freyjafs hair" of Irish fame or the "Virgin's hair” of the English countrysidea. The first mention of the plant in written re- cords appears in early books on magic and witchcraft in the year 1400. Many virtues and uses were ascribed to 1t.

Poking their tender, lmmatun fronds above the ground with the . earliest spring ﬂowers, they do not reach full maturity until the mid- dle of July or theroabout-l. Th! maln stem upon investigation will be found to divide into two dis- tinct-branchea, from which thl peculiar-shaped plnnae arise. Then are oblong in form or often cm- oent. posses: no mldvoln Ind I" very numerous, giving the who)! frond a semi-circular aspect. Th8 rootstalka are black and wiry. 01' ten growing in kraatmnta lust- M‘ heath the surface. ’I'he plant IN" from about eight inches to about twenty inches.

while for early Kreen um. ‘Duleh do; Penis, Lama's H0811". Th"- ‘ raatmiimd wwnlm m ti"

t of the taller sum. when it is

j . latte" ti-mirw new-w t"

'_ “ma. “mp9”, “d. Little uQ-volfzém Pan oi-Blue Bantam. Btitidrledfold and American won- uyigiimqug the‘ dwarfs: . R1411")-

mw white ‘ma. Bl"- . or?‘ plus...» may“ wt , nit loho m: m, uu- ""1 fefolo for nminiiei: lpinlcb. 11°"! Standing Jullllll. which dou wt go to "seed readily, and Bloomdllli ‘Ibmatoal. latlllllli John Bur. Bonny Beat. Ohalkb Early Jew“ and Iiivlngstone’: Globe are 6W)‘ dud, and grand Rapid! 811d 5"” rise for foroitli! m‘ staklni-

..._._._...-__...._._ Alina! B! W810i!"

"Guilty or not Will-Y?" 513°“ m’ Judxc immiy of mstus- ohm!“ with chicken ateallnl-

“Not lullty. Jedse"

"What ii your alibi?"

"Alley w wiitem"

"You heard me. Have Y0" l" alibi?" ‘-

“Syw mean de alley by which Ah |ot aw_ . Jedlﬂ?"

“I hear you lost your valualzll dog iri an nuto accident." d "Yeti, r wu nvvd IN *1" °' was killed."

"What a pity." "u Tourist — "But was M09"

m Paw; wail street Journal-