THE CHARLOTTETOWN

GUARDIAN _

PAGE ELEVEN A

"T NEWSY NOTES -

B! AGltiCOI-A

TIMELY NOTES on TOPICS CONNECTED WITH

Silver Fox Farming '

» CONSERVATION »

A wanna oounvm or PRACTICAL omnons or m: VITAL rssuas an-"rzcnnc run usas AND anusas or narumu. iuisouncls n! an. wnuovv JINIINS.

WANTED

10.000 FOX PELTS

3W“ he new Dronun-l t.‘ . wlui the help of riilill» lgllllsadlllllléf-

>-

olius axu nuns

!°'..l.i;’“.if~‘il2l.l‘ii..‘.’£ m“ mm»- ll” a, pfpirlvr altlcle on in- evolved. I am fnclinlellluiliagliglgebll-iltlfi on m ~ nit i f_ .14, h- _ n ce again e season for the sccuredf; tl c g 1 M _ _ _ y Eulalllil llllilsizs.filifclgargasizgl: 1g“ aggrfilsfllprliunhoeliagcgioigds“like A illu- n"; Tumwbfix... [HE 0F T“ “an; ma“, w, m. we... A disposal of silver IOX u... has mned l...“ Breeglelps, Agsocfigillgixlcnsxgéiyil, R I WEININGER 1R3» uni‘ *5‘ _°' l.‘ “ML and the emu-- and so on 5 ail-LIR-alr- SAN “m; “me experimenting Wm, the 3mnd_ around. and uvidences are on every side. an authoritative account of‘ 0f Montreal will be at tlic Hvfl" l“ i, ,' {nus}, The 51,“- ' _-—- cd victims will prove that. their lllgnguitllilxlllxlérgilgedgglfizruoflell lglflvl- l\\‘l_ll3'~__°@>'\11|‘1']0d a1 {h}: auction. “Wed-l P‘ Y“ , , l‘ prlman’ d1r°°"'°“a1l°5p°mes' when ers have been active witlimRichalld Iillolflftgalfillrllngsl nrepvlls lallslllllel. A ‘ OUT“ 5H0“

cut for the purpose gllttil) and easily pro- ": llic ivrilcr of the article | ,i piilill A fcw llflildllllS of

l- illlfiCtl ainsiig th": shav-

.~. \ nic put into position. H, “inc frcin making runs 1. amongst the materials. 119 £915 iii.. their eyes.

Rule, Britannia. In the days when “m. \t(‘ll' no cars and everybody in Eiicland iviilkcd, tho _voilng fel- iuig ill lili‘ ifllage thought noth- h of marching three or four miles ,09p.,,._ ,, [rmjblll match again-t lulle- otiicr club. As thrfY mnc-wd "i 5.1112 dubious limericks, fol- icn/Jll ivitli the chorus: “Rule. iii. Iiizluiiiiiii rule the waves."

1,“. “qifdillg was wrong ilic irhiiol song book a lll1\{‘ iauglil them that. In lnvocilion “Britannia. because command -Britain‘s sole

s

a y. . ‘I118 l.l

illi(l >11 ti’! pf \\l ' . s iiill _ l: was lne n me m; wavcs!

(1., llie scas was tlicn

- f . clvlllnllilliil hrclid. Oiic of tlic Can- Willi‘? ilnil i-iiiiscd nic sonic ..- \\ll.‘l iilc scrvillfl 0f i"!!! 01' littic sailccrs at meals. In 1 of England the 1am was a slice of broad ulnplimi. lite jam jar being filii ll\'l'.\4'lll to IT-“TSOII 0n "i111" huttcrcd the brcad ,,"_'_ llll‘ lain. bill the lliccrs lookcd upon this ,_ Possibly the n.’ lam with a spoon was a .c cuswn, which had been 1 into Canada. In fllP North ' wmclliliig of thc Scottish

l til , qircad on

crin- of luvnips. i. young farlucr ,,;»_-.1-.i l.l.'~l sold some turnips M, g7 nl rig at the scanty reium < expense and labor. I niv scrapbook: ‘Don't iii ninn is the only ani- " 1 1i" skinned mcrc than ~" Willey” lic said, "We are {lcrl "ii. nc are getting used 1 "Triic," I said. “that is an ol rtorv Yo r fathers made the same Filo» llill'l_\' long years ago. in 11nd a son"; about it: it. 1i now. I silpposc. but I "o liiakc a copy of it, have. Ilistcnz-

.4.

"ivhen the farmer comes to town,

with his ivngon broken down,

can f mi-r is the man who feeds “ all!

z: l‘ only look and sce

‘ think you ivill agrcc

"that the farmer is the man who feeds them all.

(‘horm-

1 Buys on dzt till t-he fall! Tlicn lll4‘\ fake him by the hand. And iliry lcad him to the land, And tlic dcalcr is the man that gets

it. all! t2)

7'.» flflillvl’ lianizs around iihlc blacksmith starts to

no. . oli, zli farmer is the man who

feeds iliem all! 7'.".c prcaclicr and the cook ‘Picv co sirrilliiig by the brook. In: lllf‘ lflltllPl‘ is the man who

fccris llicni all. Chorus- The faimcr is the man, The lRTTIlPI‘ Ls the man, Iilivs on crcdlt t.lll the fall. T" all his famllv comes to town a inicrin lirokcn down. .. ','\!l\lF‘l' r. flir- man who fccds

tliclii iiill"

sav that. I thought. the azoi- of this liieraryl gcm was lli‘ iililusl to the dcalcrs of iiill-x ‘Ln rompcted with each

2.. '~1l<‘ll ii iiav that if the hallo" ‘~l."..\ i101 slllsllfil iviiii tlic i"*-~"" tlt-"lrit liy A, hc. could go to Ii and cl" fl bcitci" one. Many of

c dinil. i.\, loo. \\'(‘l'0 very decent

in‘ is you. c-f cniirsc. llicy are ‘if’! ulzizlixcil and all iiffcr tlic “m” lljirr .~=i lllf‘ farlucr has no " '\\'i'1l" says lic, "what. is iwli‘ tor no farmcl" can

i:i lriisilirss at this ratv.‘

*~ l ' it's a surc thing.

that lic< with tlic I . Lct tiicm takc - , tlic 0H1?!‘ follows book a iitcliiiirr ion ‘rlicrc is always

‘, ‘flifllv: ziuction as an cx- ll\\l“.' piccs: what about Ilic acreage of tlic crop farm? Tlicii again. when "l"'1_‘1-‘<‘ Stood return, there "1 Professional or busi- “l lllaiiiliiii: 100 or cvcn 20o

Q2" ~ -.i- 7/‘

llllll uiitzlil lo bc rcni- slams alc trill". But lo: \\"i1l ncvcl" bc a . ",""“ "31 11")‘ lciirn to co- ‘ C‘ "llllllll lhcni ulvcs and not

" '“' 100i‘ Pisa. $‘.0\'(‘I‘l'tl1f‘.n\-

a . ‘ l u. .i col cqucncc over- ; »‘ 1* llll‘ i‘: ind ilv.- lcg- \' l\'lli"i" slillcrs. 'f'li.t is (

BI or ril;,..-..,,., n _ I be]

- , : »- . ievc. fgfayflill‘. .\llli‘\ Stand of Ma)" "' iilili lit n u". 9 m...

A Letter From Him".

A teacher, who has ‘ sent me a lcttcr sinceocclllilgnallsl; twelve years old, wrotc on 3:; 23rd. from her home in the Der. gent. Valley, fiftcen miles from

ewcutl? 011 Woe. "In September of this yea: I was transform: to ii Senior school at Percy Minn, The schoolmaster had to Join the army. I had a class of 51 big boyg, Jgp- anese and blacks and whites, 1 have only five wccko more or my; as I have given in my notice, and can you believe it. I‘m going to Eflwh at the Church of England M11001 at Ebcbester. commencing Dcc 3rd. Ini lucky to get so near homo: I 11 goon my pugh-bikgj’

iEbchestcr ts a pretty time v11_ Inge on the Del-went. dating from Roman times. The church, which stands within the area of the Ro. man fort. is built of stones taken from it. In the porch are preserved statues and altars dug up in the vicinity‘, one of which is inscribed Deovitlrl. which I take to be “to the ancient rod." T119 Roman stonescutters were sometimes shaky in their spelling. This church dates back to the eleventh century. I have seen Lord Gort ("Tiger Gort") a lift-lo fair-haired boy thcn. sifting in a pew with his father, in Ebches- tel" Church).

"We spent lll niitht in tlic lur- raid shelter last: night: I was in bed three limes, ten mlnutcs each time. We bald two sirens and three lots of bombs. They hit. the Black- hill Ccnictcry". just behind Black- hlll Station, dropped two near the slits heaps at the Iron Works. four up at Medomslcy, and a time bomb at. Shotley Field. I don't hear of any one bclng killed."

Bombs were dropped three weeks ago. an oil bomb behind Durham Road, Blackhill. and some near the

» railway. Last night was the fourth

time we have been bombed since July. It's riot often. rcaly; but you

know some people thought that those “jerrles" would never find their way up here."

(Tile district is of rather Ziilly

character, with little villages dotted here and there. As there is much agricultural land. bombs dropped at. random leave few casualties. The slag hcaps near the Iron Works attract night-flying bombers, ll"- causc they blaze and burn wncn the refuse frorn the fumaces is dumped, but there is nothing can be clone about it).

"You remember the Station at Newcastle: if. has the second larg- est glass roof in England. Well. a bomb was aimed at the High Leycl Bridge tn the SlilfiIIl€I‘,50'il0\V8ll the glass has been taken out to prevent danger from splinters. and "black out" material substituted: con- scqilently evcn in the day time the station is more dismal than evcr. It always was a dismal place "

(The High Level Bridge is a vital point in the railway between Lon- don and Edinburgh: over it the "Flying Scotsman" travels daily, the 240 miles between London and Newcastle taking Just. four hours. British mgincs are small. bu’ speedy and powerful. The Bridge is close to the station. hence the anxiety about the glass. It rnilst have been a slow and expensive Job to rcmove it. Workman used to clean the roof periodically but on account of grimc from tlic fac- tory chlmnegvs, it was as dirty (dis- mall as ever in a week)

The amazing thing in this letter Ls the mattcr-of-fact way in which those people in a retired part oi’ the country accept the bombings as if Lhc_v were all in the day's

work . SIDE-LIGHTS 0N HISTORY

Once, when I was teaching. I had a class of boys for History. The subject interested me and I encouraged them to ask questions instead of expecting t-lrem simply to memorize lists of names and dates. Onc afternoon this question arose: "All this happened a long time ago: ivlierc did the historians get tlic. facts. and how do we know they are trite?“ I answered that his- torians used as far as possible Stale Docuniclits. drayvn up by agents of the Governments: secondly private chronicles or letters; and some- times cked out their information by making use of traditions if these seemed tructwortliy. But |.ll than vrere liable to error, because oven wvitncsscs of any cvcnt scldom

o. a2 c as to dctaiLs. I promised tn illusfratc this difficulty to the class befoir the next lesson, if

possible.

As it happened one of the girls was to go to town for some errand oi" other tlic ncxt day; and I ar- ranged with rcr to come into the school. up to tlic desk and holding up a teaspoon t.o sav "keep this for till I gcl back." Next morning she did so. andshcmarclied in every-

‘. you liiust (‘o it voilrs"1f.| ~l 11ft l(‘.\\‘1" tl to oflici i“ | ‘l Mm“ m‘ “Tfillk. A Profss or i

I

n; mlllll "l lljf‘ ccn ms ol lcaru- ‘ ‘" l 5. !t . who visits tlic

Poly-w . 0., {W "l :1 point nf ("illirg ‘ ‘ \' sulnmcr, to . mil-d the qllfg- w ii lli.it lhc .-‘ui-

5U?!" rl“'.'lisliinun oftrn _ ill" llll!‘ \\'f‘l‘1|'lll[pi_1\*i|. :*'i lv-muv, I Rn", ti", ‘_ {l "‘ /‘l"t"" "" ii sour-Ts Pvd. while tlic ll“v‘“s ii "s ucir» I-lis '\ii- ican root's , Trlfllllfl‘ "o - l? lu l‘ic wxiv ‘l0 ""11 ioiinii. rot ‘trun- .. ll iii-i iii t'"r~ cictlcn. r-.-..-|,, ‘,""‘“- l“ \'.llO‘.Y1 it i.‘ ~,., "" ‘l “' l1. ‘crr-its his v-r. f~~ . . ' "'1 "fTMts it. 2'31 u» .,...'f‘,.‘» “"' “ulna it bc""m~<

dlrtloiia I “m”? R"fl as 111'" ‘3’ "MP1! records usagc, iii

m. y,

fr»

an

(a...

body was on tlic qui vivc. When she had gonc. Itold the History class to write the

clean llicir slates and nn=ii=rrs to t-hcsc QIIGSILIIIZ ‘P0 iallll‘ into sciml? In wliat. color ivris sh» drceacil? W‘:at did rho cic? “flyat dii she say?

The answers ivcrc alnusilil in some ways. All knew whom sltc ivcs. bill sonu- smlt hcz" namc wrciig. Sam-c t.‘"ouvhv if. was a bicycle wrciich sh» hclrl up. As

=!i<- rsiially drcsscd in Evack iicar- 1r all iiuf down that col-x: iviiczc- as ciily one or two obscrvaili scholars l'i"(l seen that. slic was drcncd in ll“? blilc "SunHi." rcst " Accordunr to some shc said "Take ccrc of tfiis fcr mc“: and 011!‘ “IF surn slic said "Put this in tht‘ cwiwerT-probably because he raw mo do Just. that.

Wlirn w:- gci back to thc History lcs "n a dov or two aftcr. I YCCRll- c-l the incidcnt to show how uif- ficult it ivas to act the facts" about somcfhuig tFaf took NI" WY?" our rcrv arcs, and what r.. dis-

; themselves and

[By ROBERT CUSHMAN MURPHY

Ameican Museum of Natural HISTORY

Sfcp into llzc wash of tlic surf on a sandy beach Curing midsummer, and you may find yourself startled by the semblance of a hundmd hali- seen whlskemd faces peeping up from the bottom. 'I‘hen, within the twinkling of-an eye, the curtain of seething ivatci" streams back to sea and blots out the vision. By the time the torrent of gritty foam ha; gone, leaving the wet slope bare.

or fantasy? Before you can in- vestigate further. the wreck of the next breakcr swirls up. and tlic bot- tom is again lost beneath u foot of froth.

Now change your positin a few paces along the beach. Stand quietly where you will be ankle- deep when the swell is half sucked back. One morc, “as through a glass darkly," bi" fly visagcs slick out, of tlic surf.c of the sand that a moment before had seemed bald as an egg. Where the streaming is swiftlest down tlic incline, you may even see the rotunci bocllcs bclilnd some of thc faces torn frorn their anchorages and ivliiskcd yirll-incll toward dccpcl" wutci". only to villi- isli magically as sooni as they touch bottom. A mad and riotous life it is whipped and rolled and mauled by waves that never cease.

What are these teeming creatures? Rocky coasts, we known, S\\'.\l‘ill willi kalcidoscopic lifc. but any na- turalist will tell you that tlic- low- er strand of sandy beaches and the waters inside the outer“ blcakcrs have no gcat. variety of beings large enough to catch the eye. Rather, this joint strip of earth and brine forms more of an occan griivcyzird than an cnvirontnmit for lllfl living. Yet we now» sce that at lrrasl one astonishing animal fills the sand in numbers beyond imaginatin, how- ever much its way of life may hide it fi"om the casual obscrvcr. The mysterious bcastic is tlic sand-bug. a crustacean. lcciiniclilly" known as Emerita talpoida, which might lncan —-lf zoological names may be said to mean anythlng-"the mole- shaped one who has served out his time." Whatever thcir name or antiquity may be, tho sanci-btigs, as Profcssoi" Lcidy once rcnilirkcrl, are as thick in thi-ir 1)l‘O1)L‘l' habitat as curranls in a plum-pudding!

The sand-bug has a range tens of thousands of niilcs ln l-rngili and tcn yards -—or it lnziy bc only tcn fl?(%——\\‘l(l0. Those you find 711011;; tlic shores of other occzins than oui"

Ithere is no sign of life. Was it fact. I

‘own Norlli Atlantic may bc firs‘. or lsccond cousins of llli‘. Idwclls im tlic beach-rs of illl‘ Caro-

klncl that ilnas or Fire Isluiiil or Cape Cod, but you \\'(llll(l iiccd a \cr_v dull bock and a lcns to t-cll any of flicln apart. To all iiilcnis. £1114‘ and tlic. sulnc Eliicrltii liccilpi-gs most of ‘iic world's t-fnilli"l"‘.itf‘ and coasts, cxccpi those of Eiiropc. In many places, such as India. Madagascar. Peru. Florida, and California, tlze sand-bilg has bccn used from time inilncliiorial as foozl for rncii. Indccd. it was by watch- ing Indian fishrrmcii oii tlic broad shining strands of Pcru, where tlic creature ts known as the mui-miil, that I first became acquainted with

it, long before I learned that. it frolickcd practically iii my own (l00l’_\'i\l‘(l on Iloiig island. Bil.

ivhcrcvcr you find it, its bailiiv k is always in sandy bcncli-cs sliiiccd by waves from tlic opcn scn, and it leads the most turbulent life of any dcnizcn of the grczit ivatcrs.

Now. for the sake of l)l‘_\’l1'l9_ morc dccplyl into tlic ways of this odd littlc neighbor of our balliilii! ll(‘.|(‘ll. lct us scoop dccply" with bolli llll'll('l\ iiildcr the backwash and run isliorc. Plop the load down on dry sand, and a half-dozen or niorc of tlic sand-bugs may roll out, eitlicr to lie still as though dcad. oi" to sculflc off backwards with thc llIO\'f‘iIli‘l'il.\ of mlniatuc ivar tanks. quickly‘ orienting tlicmsclvcs lo a coilrsc down the slope. If tlic spot is lcvcl or even inclining slightly‘ away from the water. they may appczii" puzzicd for a few momcnt. HQ\\'(‘\'f‘I‘, un- der silch circumstanccs. fli10ll‘(‘1‘ reaction quickly takcs tic plicc of the one offcctcd by gravity". for tlic tiny tanks will presently head, or

rather

who musi write of cvciils iiilndicds of years old. Alid tlic historian ‘illn- sclf may bc careless. Wiiun tlic white Snip sank in A D. 11:0 ft was a calamity for England, for i110 Crown Prlncc. William. pcrislicnl in the shipwreck. and this lcd to a long clvll war. The Saxon Clironi ‘la states distinctly that two Roviil Princess, William and Richard, n01“: lost; but no other hisloiy that. I have seen fclis of Richard

Coming to our own tinics sonic historian of the future will bc puzzled whcn hc comcs across Col. R MCCOITIIlCRZQ version of tlic Battle of Flanders: when tlic Brit- lsh cscapcd to England, and Icft the Frcuch to fight alone! As a nialtcr of fact the British put up a dcspcratc resistance. losing sii.nc ‘thousands of men. and cnablln; malty thousands of Frcnch soldlr-rs to cscapc tlic Nazi pinccrs. (The Guardian Nov. 25l

Anothcr misreading of currcnt history is takcn from a popular Amcrican magazine. whose rr-port- cr rcaclzcd Bayonne i-iftcr the col- lapse of France, lo find “conting- cnts of the R. A. F. pouring into tlic city for avacuntlon to Eng- land. which looked like more Brit- lsh rotting." Railing or not, it was thc commonsense thing to do.

Thcn w'hcn the bombs hogan to fall on London. anoihcr brilliant scrlbc wrote‘: "Arc ihcsc yicopln numb or just dumb?" because troy did not act yinliickv. I think tlic future historian will know the an- ihat mo.

advantage the historian was under“

Lnrer to

tropical .

lllfll I

131.25 w $1.15.

they find themselves out of water, are two, and that these are more or less balanced one against the other. The first of themis geotropic, or rclatcd to slope; they like to run down-hill. The other is photo- tropic. or related lo the source oi’ strongcst illumination. that is. to the glare of the sk above the sea. Eiither of these inst active responses would tend to save their lives if they chanced to be cast high and dry. But a sharp slope away from the water fools thcm and poses a problem. In this case they soon demonstate that the geotropic re- action is stronger than the photo- Lroplc: they forget the bright sky off shore. alas. and follow their weight down-hill in a direction which will do them no ultimate good.

On dry sand tlicy are perforce crea- tures of the surfacemnd must. gropo their way as best; they can toward the water. But if you plaoe one of them on sand well wattled by the last wave, you may at the same instant say “Good bye!" You will just. have time to see the sand-bug tip up its snout and vanish hind- forcmost, leaving scarcely a dimple to mark the spot. "Sand-mole" would be a more appropriate niimc. Iii a quart glass jar filled with water above three inches of sand. one of them will swim and tunnel its way to the bottom within a second or less.

The females of the North At.- laritic sand-bug are about an inch in lcngtli, the males a third smal- ler. During August most of the fe- males cariy under their tails orange egg-masses. in some of which de- veloping embryos are visible. The

smooth, rounded carapaces of the

oreaturas are of a sandy color, tlingcd with pinkish. Tneir bodies arc shuttle-shaped, and when

snugly folded up they show rather

less in the way of protruding mem- bers than a "blimp." All append- ages, in fact, tuck away securely, leaving a perfectly stream-lined ex- terior, but each pair has never- theless, 11s special function in loco- motion and feeding. 'I‘hus while the hindniost are stirring the sand and scooping it outward, during the burrowing process, other jointed limbs are pushing and paddling the body into the hole it makes as it. goes. While excavating the sand- bugs always work against. the pre- vailing current. with the useful re- sult. that, each run-off of the waves leavcs them facing seaward as they stand nearly upright in the sand, with only the eyes and antennules exposed. Ccasclcss activity is neces-