PAGE roux

, ing us. but because there are too few goods T H E (1 U A R D I A N relative to the money with which to pur- chase them. That condition can never be

Authorized as Second Class Mail Post. Office lsolved by lowering the price of goods. It

The I!lnlliT':::1:1l'eIiliil'n Co. l lyviding more goods

CIRCULATION l liutul city Zone, .... snug -T? g :,'l"'('nh1e:l:d1"K 5.9"” it I). IUR '4'. NU I t 3 Total he-t Paid 13.019; -- Presidcnt llllll Associate Editor. Ian A. Burnett, 1 EVC11 E01115-I 10 C111-11'C11 111 311 311"-0 15 3

Associate Edilon Frank W311W- ihazard as evidenced by the tragic drown- linr: fatality in Quebec. .

we

"The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest Ink".

CHARLO'l"l'liTOWS.

ggw Literature! What travcsties are so cal- TEESDA13 0('T- 7'- 1551 ;lcd. Tourist Promotion. advertising pamph- '- -" lets and instructional manuals all come un- Ion 1 Farhamenimrygsess dcr that name today.

1 9 0

THE GUARDIAN, CH'ARl.()'l"llE'l'UWN

' THE LEADEN rzrnu Let not young souls be smothered out before do quaint deeds and fully flaunt their pride. It is the crld's one babes grow dull, poor are ox-like. limp leaden-eyed.

They crime it:

n5 and

N01 11131 t11i'.V starve. but starve so dreamlessly,

Not that they sow, but that they seldom reap.

Not that they serve, but have no

Next week Piirlinment assembles in Ut-p, A H W dwi T for Cmminv mpw moncv , 5, - ”- Al" 0 t t it '5, i ,t lama fol Hw ft mnd ume Us will lmechanicaily goes by the name of ticometer though many important matters will come, In "I t. k . H ' . I. X k oft before the members-pensions, freightla founl '9 1-imela -1 ""9105 3 ac l rates. C.B.C. finance. scholarships. coin-100'" Gr mo 1'mIm' l

bincs investif:,atio1i. the St. Lawrence sea-l , . I. . , 1 way and a bankwsv mfgdm, weekgtheml Fhcrc may come a time wiieii all high- wili not be the intensity of interest in pl'0-iwa-VS 1”” be lighted by night as effectively ceedinnq of 1-O,.m(,,. davs las by day, but until that time comes it re-

The fact is that legislation and questions-mains hazardous m the extreme to drive

of l)olit')' air now dealt with twelve nioiitlislan-V unlmmcd Yclllcloaafiml dark.

of the year and Pzirliiuncnt today is onlyl V .

one. althouyzli theoretically the supreme.' (ymdlo to 1”" mjaiic secmny scams 10

law-making authority amongst many. ltibc m danger m .Bmam' Cradles are.al'

is long since it was even iarqclv true tiiatlrmd-V almost Cxnnd mid "cw a Cabinet i " ' minister. Mr. llugh Dalton. proposes the

the executive Llovcrnment merely carried: , , , , wt the Wm M pm.lian,,.nt as Cxplmscdlgciici-til practice of cremation, doing away i I

in legislation lwith mp 1-:raw'

From the monicnl that ministers of the - V V Crown disciuiincd responsibiiitv for im-. Rmh Hashonah the Jcmsh 3011' heart pomam 'sph(.,.(.S of govcrnnlcmal aCm.ity,ti'as ushered in at religious services Sunday ..m,spOmi,)1(. Gm.m.nm,.m-v ceased to be alat. sundown in synagogues throughout the

1:

(act and M. are faced with the problem nfjworld. The date will mark the beginning 01' the year 5,712 in the Jewish calendar,

providing substitute controls. . , , , . . one p,.,,(.m.a1 m(.aSu,.e is the dmolopg i which counts time from the traditional date lof the world's creation.

incnt of a(lministi'ativc tribunals, of which; . . public utility boards are an example, whose; duty would be to keep a wholesome check on the c-xci'(-isc of power so freely dolo- gated by Parliament.

Mohandas lx'aramchand (Mahatma) Gan- tdhi. Indian nationalist leader, was born this date 1869. He led the Satyagraha movement in South Africa for 20 years,

scholarships started and led it in India 1918-1919. He

..m.c ,commenced his non-co-operation campaign

Allilt)il'.'iI Canadian Rhodes schoiarsiin 1920 and worked for Indian independ- cnce iintii its realization in 1947.

have just left for Britain to commence their year of study at Oxford University next year's candidates have only until Nov. 1, during which to apply. There are numer-' ous other SCllOlill'Si'ilpS and bursaries avail- able and it is the experience of education-

0

Lord McGowan. a British industrialist, willibe one of six leaders in science and industry to receive honorary doctorate of science degrees at McGill. Viscount Alex- al authorities that a number of them fre- ander, the Governor-General and visitor to quenm. go a,h,.gging. McGill. and Viscountess Alexander will at-

The colleges are always glad to givc,tend the convocation to be held in the Sir students information about available schoi-CAl'11lilr Currie Gymnasium. Their Excel- arships but it is usually up to studcntsllencirs also Will attend at the Toronto- men.seh.ve5 to enqnn-C about what may be.-McGill football game in the afternoon. obtained in following their chosen scholas-i ' " " tic Ca,.(.(.,.. It is unfoytunale when a young1 Brought down from his high horse. person is prevented by financial clilficultics,Whcn Mr. Churchill visited the London from getting higher education but even jSouth Bank he was shown the Planetarium worse when funds are available but not np-llll the Dome of Discovery, the planetarium

plied for. lwherc all the wonders of the heavens are Price Control ineffectual

it s

ldisplaycd, and the guide was well into his stride. sayiiic: "And there. sir. ai'c the :PlClil(i(lS. and there t.hc Great Bear”, when A1i1i0UZ1i 131118111 1135 0'16 Of 1110 111051 Mr. Churchill interrupted. "Young man", he 0Xl0nS1'-C 17'-160 C0ll11'01 5.VS10m5 111 lllcisaid, ”don't bother with the stars. Just 1V01'1C1v l71'1C9-9 1l1'C' i1l7ll?1YC1111y 0111 01 hand-:SilOW me the eaiiii. That's all I'm inter- Chanccllor of the l:3.vclicquer Hugh GililS'lcsted in", kell told the Trade lfnion Congress recent- that l0 llOi(i lilC COSi-01'-ilVil'lf!, index Schools today produce Students of four steady would require subsidies of 352 1)iiii0n:t.yp()s' according to 3 Mam,-031 psycho. a year--”;i completely impossible fiscal lILil'- 1 therapist; Star, Clinging Vine, Nero and don." Sir llzirilrsy Shawcross. President offnn-119, The slap always wants all the the Bo;-irrl of Trade. put it another way.ip1-also; the clinging Vine depends on H9 "1l0P0S" 11131 FY1005 W111 i'C11C11 f1101l'lfi'ien(ls. teachers or parents to do his work peak by the end of the year. Mr. Douglaszfor him: Nero wants to boss cverything; v1il.V- F11li1llC11l1 5700-1'01'cl1'.V 10 1110 T1'C8SUi'Y. and the Turtle just withdraws within him- has Cf(Dl'CbTSCt'i hope that prices will not l'iSCIsclf-with the attitude, ”Do or say what you quite so steeply in the second half of 1951,1ike, you can't hurt me." We have the 35 111051 did 1” 1110 111'-91 1l31f- 11 1110 ma:-l1C,sanie types here, too. of course. though we wand hasn't worked in London. neither doeslhavo no psycho-therapist to enlighten us it work in Washington. The United Stateslon the subject. , too has price controls. but prices keep go- ' I " ing up nevertheless, and so do wages. All service officers.on the reserve and In Canada the price control drive is retired list may start shining their buttons concerned chiefly with food prices-whichland chasing the moths out of those un- is natural as food is the one absolute nec-iiforms which have been gathering dust in essiiy. In large urban centres particularlylthe hall closet, in preparation for the pro- it is hard for the housekeeper to remem-iposcd Royal visit. In a recent directive on her that the farmer is just emerging from the visit, the Department of National De- dozens of lean years, and that the basclencc ruled that all such officers may wear years on which the price index is figurediboth uniform and medals whether on duty were among the lcancst of those years. or merely taking part as spectators. Those The Port Eric Times-Review, published not in possession of uniform but who have in an industrial area. takes a sane view oflbecn awarded medals. may wear same dur- thc situation when it says: ”If that solverl!in?: the Royal visi anything. perhaps we would manage fol convince ourselves that it is only reasonable? to ask the farmer to starve in order thatl we might not be troubled by this cost-of- living threat. But the sad truth is that his sacrifice, whether a willing or unwilling one, wouldnlt do us much good. It would not matter much if eggs and beef and flour and butter were sharply lower, if the dollar with which we buy them is also less val- uable. And it will be less valuable if gov- ernments continue to spend- as lavishly, for they are the most inflationary of all spend- ers, and if we continue to demand more wages. or if, as is probable, we decide we would have to rebate the farmer, in order that he might keep his head above water. That would mean more taxes and still less value to the dollar. Andlllbecausewe

wlilnotreoognizethatprioeeuwahlghnot

o O I

l. 0

In our neighbouring mainland Prov- inces controversy is still being waged over whether Nova Scotia or Newfoundland should be the centre for military training. and all that that implies in the way of in- creased population and increased circula- tion of Federal money. The N. B. Premier, Mr. MacQuarric, declares: "I strongly hope that one of the New Brunswick sites will prove suitable and will be chosen for this great training centre. It is realized, of course. that the final decision must rest with the military experts. At the same time the people of New Brunswick bear in mind the fact that in the past thegge training establishments have been b- llshed in other provinces, and they feel that in this instance the particular advantage: of regions within New Brunswick should

.s 1 ill T' I Q:

gods to serve, Not that they die, but that they die like sheep.

-Vatchel Lindsay. f;aik&--"i-58:4-hk 1 -. .. DD

Old Charlottetown

mm: P. F. I.)

r

e:'- Q4

EMIGRANT HOSPITAL BURNED

One of. the earliest hospitals in the Province was erected by the Government for sick emigrants on a point of land on the farm of Mr. Kelly, I I-lillsborough River, nearly opposite Charlottetown. It was burned to the ground on the night 0! Sept. 6. 1849. shortly af- ter its completion. The act was supposed to be that of an incen- diary. and the Royal Gazette pub- lished a proclamation from the Executive offering a reward of one hundred pounds "to any person or Dersons who will give such infor- mation as will lead to the discov- er! of the party or parties engag- ed in perpetuating the atrocious and malicious offence." The Ex- ecutive offered 5. like reward, with a free pardon, to any person taccessory to the said transaction, not being the principal therein, nor the actual author or contriver of the fire. who will disclose the name or names of the principal perpetrator or perpetrators of said crime. and give evidence leading

his apprehension and convic- tion therefor."

There does not appear to have been any result from these ef- forts at tracing the tire's origin.

,-.-.-.-.-.:.:.-;-.;.-

The Age-on story; .5-.-:.'.-.-.-.-s-i.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-.-..-.-.-?-

And one of the scribes came, and having heard them ..-asonlng to- gether. and perceiving that he had answered them well, asked him. Which is the first tomniiuidnwiit 0! Ill? And Jesus answered him. The first of all the eomnmml- merits ls. Hear, 0 Israel; The Lord our God is one Lord: and thou shalt love the I.A)l'(I thy God with Ill my heart. and with all thy Soul. and with all thy mind. and wlth all thy strength: this is the first ommandmcnt. Ami the sec- 0m1 is like. namely this. Thou shalt love thy neighbour as thy- self. There is none other com- mandmcnt. greater than those. And the scribe said unto lilm. Wk-ll. Master. thou hast said the truth: for there Is one (Soil; and then- is none other but he: lliltl to lovi- him with all the heart. iuul with all the lmili-rstimdlnl.'. and with tall the soul. and with all the strength. and to love his neighbour as him- self, is more than all whole burnt offerings and sacrifices.

l

'quarrel on the spot by fighting ac-

A Key Is Available

INCIIQSCD

AQILITY und-

' 6nIA1'lB , opvoerqmrv

'x.-i.v.v.s4.v

1 vx

K i )

In Detroit I. woman has just at- vorced her husband because he didn't like the way she played bridge. It seems he blew his top when she played a wrong card. Then he slammed down his hand and left the room. she told the court. The judge decided she should be freed from the brute. - wiiidsor Star.

-Ixr

Bill Klem, fabulous baseball um- plre. who has just died in his seventy-eighth year, one of the early umpires in the days when baseball was a rough and tumble affair, said once that baseball only became the popular game it is to- day after the umpires had stamp- ed out rowdylsm. They did lithe hard Way too. often going in dan- ger of their lives. The courageous services which those old umpires gave to baseball are now needed in both hockey and football. which are becoming more like fights than games. It was these tactics which in the long run killed lacrosse. lf hockey and football are permitted to turn into Donnybrooks. two grand games will also be killed - London Free Press.

One of the finest recent exam- ples of understatement is contain- ed in a booklet published by some Polish exiles in London to guide their newly-arriverl fellow-coun- try-men through the intricacies of British etiquette. After dealing with such topics as the correct way to greet a lady - don't kiss her hand - the booklet passes on to the manly art of self-defence as practised by the English. Here people do not fight duels. An Eng- lishman is always ready to settle a

cording to classical boxing rules. Do not use a, knife. you would lose all sympathy. To say nothing of

I

led

Notes From

iii

l.1

Another Island ,

, By "Anson" w L l

-c.

LONDON. En;land:-

After all the agitation of the. past months - all the uncertainiyi and the wondering when the- Gencral Election would take place, - now we know. I said that hit these "Notes" almost exactly. twenty months ago. and the sub-i stance may apply equally well to-1 day "with. perhaps. one small; amendment: namely that it might. be more representative of common. feeling on the subject to say "lhe' wondering it" rather than vnondering when." .

During the election of Fcbru-l my last year and for 9. consider-1 able while afterwards our political consciousness was more than it had been for a very long time. or. possibly, had ever been. The touch-and-go outcome of the voting, which gave the socialist: a victory so narrow that it seem- ed unlikely that they could re- main in office for more than a few weeks. was something of it revela- tion to many who had previously considered politics. elections and such as very dull subjects. This was positively exciting . . .

O O O

"thfti

The excitement continued until it became clear that Prime Min- ister Attlee had every intention of clinging to office as long as he was able. The political wlseacres had their any. the gist of which we; that the Socialist maiorlty was so small as to be completely unworkable for any length of time; Attlee might hang on for it few weeks. it few months at most. but soon his Government would be brought down. Soon he would be forced to go to the country again. to receive from the elec- torate either in greater majority In a show of confidence in his policies, or dismissal from his high office.

But the socialist Prime Minister didn't lee thing: that way. He didn't rind himself forced into on- other election within weelu, months. or even within the your. challenge followed challenge in the House of Commons. Every time the mtlon waited for the re- sult, and every time it was the nine: another victory for Attleo. Time utter time his euppot-tars feared defeat. whllet his oppon-

lmovc any doubt as to the propriety

ltinctive Canadian flag "until such

awmltinie as action is taken by Parlia-

thc "narrow" view Scotland Yard takes of these matters! - Edmon- ton Journal.

The Canadian Red Ensign In the flag which will fly on Govern- ment buildings during the Royal visit. First authority for flying the Red Ensign, instead of the Union Jack. on Government buildings was given by order in council in 1024. This authority was extended by an order-in-coiincil in Sept- tenibcr. 1945. and this still rules.

The preamble to the order in council set forth that the Red En- sign was employed by the Cana- dian forces during World War II and that it was desirable to re-

of flying the Canadian Red En- sign wherever place or occasion may make it desirable to fly a dis-

mcnt for the formal adoption of

so it did 0 .

We all find something to ad- mire ln a man who keeps steady on A course that has been deem- ed too difficult. to negotiate. es- pecially if he does it quietly nmld clamour.

Such were our thoughts when the first. announcement came that polling would take place on Octo- ber 25th. and they revolved round the needle-sharp issue of the vote itself. The political interest that had begun to flag a little was fud- denly arouaedmgaln. giving every prospect of I contest no less keen than that of last year.

Then. swiftly. the Picture that would have held our attention so eagerly faded in the light of an even more pressing matter. The King was lerloualy ill. and in- stantly political loyeltlel were put lulde. their place taken by a com- mon elllgance, and 5 common concern, that is not affected by which way we vote. Preparations for the election go forward. In- turnlly. but on tip-toe u it were: that II I matter for the Petty organizers to handle. For the rest of us there will be time enough to play our part when - as we all hope - we believe the King is out of danger.

....m:..m...

WEST onows IAITII Population of the entire Ameri-

ents hoped for their own victory, end after a. while it seemed there

hpun,ethqfei1ner.oranyoneelne,isgoug-

be given the utmost consideration,"

A

no no reuon why the Iltuntlon

can continent: increased H2 per cent since 1960. comvlred with I

f Notes By The Way I

I y I

' s'ii6iiid'?i3:'1ib'bifiiideiiniieivfsiici :1!-KIT-WK?!-6!-:FlfJIAf D1113

.A')&-,

6

iii

a. national flag." Parliament has never formally adopted I national flag, so the order in council giving the Red Ensign that place until Parliament acts still rules. - Tor- onto Telegram.

A friend whose home is in Atlko- kan was talking about his recent holiday in California. ”Yes sir," he said. "the cost of nearly every- thing is less in California than in Northwestern Ontario. Clothes are cheaper. Food is cheaper- 081801159 costs less. So do cars. Heating your home costs next to nothing. Mr the same time wages and salaries are higher than ours. "But I learned a darned interesting lesson down there. No matter where you live the cost: of living is going to set you. In California. the pinch comes in the cost of keeping a roof over your head. A house worth eight Or ten thousand dollars in Antlkokan or Fort William will cost you 520.- ooo to szaooo in California. As for rents, you pay sll'l6 to b200 I month for just an ordinary place. Much higher it you're looking for Some- thing extra." - Fort Williams Times-Journal.

The number of can without proper taillights ls c0ns1de1'I11J19- The hazard these cars present to other traffic is tremendous. A car without proper. tail lights is almost impossible to see at night. It pre- sents a dangerous situation to anyone overtaking such A car. A police check on the mechanically unsafe cars would do much to re- medy such needless accident-prone situations. Stern police action against. operators of cars mechan- icnlly deficient, would Dwd the motoring public into ensurlnggthat their cars were in safe condition. Only the negligent would suffer: the conscientious operator would benefit from the safer highways. Fines. and suspension of operating pemiiis for consistent offenders, would bring results. - Bi-orkvllle Recorder and Times.

The most reasonable defence we have yet heard of Mayor 1mP0111l--

teri's forthcoming "good-will" mission to Italy is that the city gets along equally well without

him. But even while acknowledg- ing the truth of this sentiment. We, still think the mayor is going a bit too far in demonstrating his dis- pensabllity. We already know we can get along without him, to vary Jimmy Durante's song, but we are hurt to find that he feels he can get along without us. Noth- ing was said about trips to Italy when we were asked to elect him mayor last Fall. But it it comes to that. nothing much was said about anything else. either. so maybe it's all included in the bargain. - New York Herald Tribune.

MONCTON. N. B. Oct. l-(CP) -.Loran Roy Mosher, retired chief field inspector of the Canadian National Runways Atlantic Region died at his home here today. He was 64. He was at son of the late William A. Moshe of Halifax and had been in failing health for some time. He is survived by his wife, a daughter and a son.

In its first three years of oper- ation 609,000,000 medical prescrip- tions were provided under brit- aln's National Health Act.

Refrigeration

SALIDS enil SERVICE Repairs To All Melee

uotons

Rewinding and Rope!!! ELECTRICAL APPLIANCE Ilopoln

Pllllf Electric

'appear to be quite modern and

OCTOBER 2. 1951

in TRAIN

After considerable rushing wel got through the streets at Psi-zs.l through the station and out to the platform five minutes past cleiiart-I ure time, but the traiii, fortunate-' ly delayed, was still there. The Christmas rush had begun. People by the thousand: were ti'a.vr-lllng. our cars were reserved, but two or three were tilled up with a group of lumberlacks on their way home for Christmas, who had decided that. since they had bought their tickets. they were just as entitled to those seats in anyone else. There they were; no one could n.-ove them and we had to pack' into the remaining space.

Things were beginning to look grim. The compartments were crowded. the aisles were full and there was no heat on the train. The sufferings and penance of the pilgrims had begun. Just then the tension was eased when our sup- per was distributed in papl.-r bags. One old lady from County Cork said, "Thank God for this much; we will at least last tlll morning ricw.-it we don't smother." But the lunch was good,-it bottle of French wine, some bananas. two hard boiled eggs.o. parcel of olives. I long French loaf. margarine and more meat than one would get for two weeksl ration in Eng- land. We ate. settled down. and the train pulled out.

0 O C

All went well until about two o'clock in the morning when- crash!-on went the brakes! There was a broken wheel and our car had jumped the tracks. Everyone was awake. Fortunately we were near a main station where. re- freshments were available. Those who had French money supplied the crowd. In about three hours the train was back on the track. the wheel was replaced and we were on our way again.

Shortly after daylight we arriv- ed at the Italian border. It got bright early. the ground was cov- ered with snow and we were trav- elling under the shadow of the Alps. In the early part of the morning we crossed "the Italian border, had our breakfast. and passed through the customs.

We were five hours late then. and we were further delayed. by having to wait several times for oncoming trains. This allowed tis to have a. closer look at Northern Italy and talk with some of the natives as we stopped at the sid- lngs. Most of them could speak French and some of them knew English. Northern Italy is a Ziilly country. but is quite prosperous and advanced compared with the south. .

The North is mainly 'a fruit growing country with trees on ev- ery hillside and. of course. acres and acres of grape vines strung out on trellises. Most of the wind- ing roads along the cliffs are paved. The towns on the hillsides

supplied with electricity. They are pretty. but from 3. distance you would wonder how those homes stick on the side of the hill.

I O 0

There have been quite 1! few- new industries introduced to nor-I them Italy since the waters from the Alps have been harnessed to generate electric power. This has provided employment for many and greatly enhanced the llviiii: standards of the people. We look the Western route along the coast and beheld the blue waters of the Mediterranean at Genoa.

This was our first view of the sea. which is deep blue. And here, too. we had our first taste of Ital- ian cuisine. Genoa is an old city pressed between the hills and the sea. Even during the few min- utes stop. we could see the rich sculpture adorning the old biiild- ings, and the ancient spires of the, cliurches. I

We went on down along the; edge of the sea to Pisa. where wel stopped for supper. The most im-; portant attraction. of course, is the-. leaning tower which was :s'.ar'.c:'.l in 1174, by the citizens of the town! to glorify God. and because oncl side of the foundation began ml sink, it was not finished uiitlli about three 'centui-les later. It lsi, fifty feet at the base. one hiiiidrerii and eighty feet high and at the top leans fifteen feet of! center.

In one of t.he churches ilii-re is a poi-phyry vase from Jerusnlr-mi said to have been used at that wedding feast. of Carin. ll son, Jesus at least saw it. There arei many other ancient items which: we did not have time to study wel did not have time to visit. Florence

Lessons ' From Europe

- In Community Progress,

By Leo P. Mclsztnc Part One (continued) (All Rights Ilesuvedl

T0 ITAI. I

or Venice. It: was nvo-tlzirtv in the morniiig when we an-lved m ilume.

All were sitrprisi-d to llllti ll this old lilty me most HlO(iC1it. l'.ililVay station in the world.

Rome is ii.modem city and yet ii. is an ancient city. In the business rrcas, '.lie streets ll;'xl'tl be:-ii wid- ened. the stores ni-Jciei'iiizc:l amt new apiirtmczit houses construtc-.1 There is no distinctive dli'lsi'ni, one seems to lit into the other. ihr old blends with the new. Much my the credit for this is due to Mue- sollul. The Itallnii people, gene.-. 3111' speal:.:ig, thhil: lie was l great. man aid did much for then. but they regret tE;.-it he wen; 1; such extremities, Lial: he lgnerei God and Jolngi pp ivuh Hitler. .

Well. we m'i".verl ii: the house 0: 53 1”I211i! TV . . at about tlirce ;-..m It is n large school for l;n;.'3 am has to be our flCllCiql1.'Irl.::!'S for the week. Sum! of the people stayed there, but after some heavv black coffee and rolls. father'- were guided out at four o'clock in the morning through the main gate of the big quadrangle and up to the sixth floor of an apartinent house. ,

My wife and I were to stay with an Italian family and were told it in back at seven o'clock to go to st Peters. We were greeted by in very friendly Italian lady who welcomed us with extravagant ges- tures nt friendship and who syoko a mixture of French. Latin and Italian with enough English word: thrown in and improperly pm. nounccd to obliterate the confus ion. In our bedroom there was in old fashioned bed with a hug! canopy over it.

During our first day in Rome. we had a public audience with the Holy Father. who welcomed in many languages pilgrims from all over the world. This was the last day for gaining indulgence: at- tached to Holy Year visits. Visit: had to be made to the four pat;-1. archial basllicas. Holy Year ob- servance dates back to the linu- of Moses. when the idea of I year of special celebration at fixed periods was suggested. The first Christian Holy Year recorded wa: 1300 and was associated with thn beginning of the centuries. The period was reduced from one hun- dred to fifty years, to thirty-thru and finally to twenty-live years.

The Holy Year begins with the opening of the Holy Door of St Peter's on Christmas eve of the preceding year and ends with thr closing twelve months later. Dur- ing this year the Holy See grann an extraordinary plenary indulg- ence to all throughout the world who shall visit Rome in order it venerate the tombs of the Apostle: and the See of St. Peter.

D

0 o

(The ccreiiioiiy at St. Peter".-: lasted for the greater part of thr morning. There was not time for looking around that day. Our first visit was to St. Paul's. built on the Ostinn way where the Apostle st Paul was niartyred and biiried. It is a rather new church, conipartrn

with the others in Rome. Tin beauty and the splendor of th- place is captivating. After Olil

vcneration and prayers.it was dif- dlcult to get the crowd to movu out. There are no pews or sent: in those great baslllcas in lloine The crowds could never get. in. if there were.

From St. Paul's we went to 51. Mary Major. 0! all the churches dedicated to Our Lady, this one is the largest. some of the planks which, according to traditioii.wt-n- part of the manger at Bethlehem are preserved there. in the rrypi. We went ba'ck there t.o Mass on Christmas Eve, mid the reinnanls of those planks were enrrlerl around in the procession. displayed in a beautiful crystal and gold case

The fourth church we visited to complete our l-folv Year, was the basilica of St. John Latex-mi. sr. called because in the time of Nero. iii: mngiiiiiemt !'7:ifiPllC(' of the Late;-.iiil f.unil:.' stood at this spot This is the cathod:'.1l of .'?.-':im- Aliout the year 300. Co".sf'iiitiiii the (lrc:-.t. lzimperor of l-tome, wlu hiiil been ll na:::iri. was COll'-('.?'.?.'1 r..'n'e his pniaro tn the Pope am

built. this bus-lirn. For it thousnnr. years. the I-W-hrs irsidcd ii'.Cl'” Here in Inc .2722) palace ii lllifl. the !.:it:- ll Treatv wa:

signed with lvlussoliol. cstzilillsliliit the Vaticzcn City as ll sepaintc state.

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