77:9 Guardian

"Conn Prhu ldwlrd Inland uh I-In Dow” Vublljhnd ovary week - du morning at 105 Prince Strut. hulomnan. r. E. 1.. by me Tiuunnou cumpuw Ltd.

44 Kt BL W.. Toronto. Montreal Office. 325 University Tower Bldg. Editor. Frank Walks: General HIIIIBII. In A. Burnett lembcr Cunadiaubaily Newlpcpu Publisher: Auocillim lumbar of The Canadian Press Member Audit Bureau of Circulation: bunch offices at Summenidc. Montague and Alberlon Authorized as Second Class Mall by the Post Office Department. Ottawa. ty Carrier Charlottetown. Summcrddo 315.00 out In- qua. Eluuwherc in P.E.l. 89.00. Otbu Provinces and U. S. 812.00 per annum.

"The strongest memory is weaker than the weakest ink."

WEDNESDAY. MARCH 14. 1956

Grave Financial Picture

Our financial situation w a 5 frankly revealed in the Legislature last evening by the Provincial Treas- urer, Hon. B. Earle MacDonald. It is by no means one for complacency and many will find in it strong grounds for alarm. Since 1945 rev- enue and expenditure have more than doubled and our debt has grown from 59,676,429 to 520,108,- 22'.L-almost 108 per cent. Notwith- standing the increase in our gross expenditures from 54,320,801 to over 12”; million dollars in that time, many of our services are still below the standard of other provin- ces. The estimates for the forth- coming year far exceed, both in revenue and expenditure, the fore- casts of any previous year. yet We shall still be working on 2:. mar- ginal basis so far as our public ser- vices are concerned.

The operations of the year ended March 31, 1955, showed an overall deficit of 8987,6933 as compared to a budget deficit of 8985577, a reduc- tion of 86,880. On current account a surplus of 331,874,977 was shown. But for the present fiscal year the figures show a quite different trend. The forecast expenditures as of March 31, 1956, are 512,547,591. rep- resenting borrowings of 52.274501 and an increase of 31,445,510 over the budget appropriations voted last year. Highwxy construction, includ- ing Trans-Canada, bridges and new machinery required an additional appropriation of 5736.425; bridges. roads, pavement and snow removal a further allotment of C250,000. On current account the Government has a forecast surplus of 5721528, but it will have exceeded its estimate of last year on these Items by S494.- 383. The 54,327,944 anticipated by the Province under the tax rental agreement and subsidy grants for the current year, owing to a decline in 1954 gross national production, has been reduced by 5233.101. lm amount which the Province can ill afford to lose. In connection with or- dinary revenue the Minister pointed out that we are dependent on Ot- tawa fornearly 55 percent of these -amounts; and there is a strict limit to the increase we could make -in our remaining sources of taxation how- ever much we tried.

The Minister is to be commend- ed on the thoroughness of his pre- sentation. He concurs with his pre- decessors of recent years in the view that if this Province is to achieve greater financial indepen- llence, it needs a substantially great- Ir population, further development of our natural resources, more local processing of basic products and ex- pansion of industry, coupled with greatly improved transportation fa- cilities and lower transportation costs. It is for the Government to give leadership in this direction, on a scale greater than anything that has heretofore been attempted. In the meantime, the financial picture should arouse all our members to the fact that we are drifting serious- ly, notwithstanding the favorable rates received on our bond issues during the year. 1

more should be more economy exercised. and this can only be done by the co-operation of the big spend- ing, departments in keeping within thpir estimates. Last year-or ra- ther the current year ending March 31--was election year. The Opposi- tion will not fail to note this fact in commenting on the huge over-run of expenditure and in demanding a strict accounting from the respon- Iible ministers. '

Coupled with stricter supervision

on-rfinanoeswo shouldinslltona

1 ., of ourfiscal claims at t. .. in oonjunctlonwlth the

ures through the Duncan Commis- sion, and later through the White Commission, despite federal reluc- tance at the outset. Why should not our claims be reconsidered along with Newfoundland's, and our exist- ing subsidies reassessed in the light of current values and requirements? We should forget partisan politics completely on this issue and make our united voices heard so clearly that there will be no misunderstand- ing at Ottawa as toiwhere we stand.

Eisenhower's Proposal

President Eisenhower's new pro- posal to Russia for the control of nu- clear weapons, notes the Montreal Gazette, has an interesting new feature. It is not aimed primarily at scrapping whatever nuclear wea- pons may now exist. It is an attempt to ban the production of any further weapons. it might seem at first that such a plan would accomplish com- paratively little, even if it were adopted. So long as nuclear weapons exist, so long will the fear of their use exist also. But the new plan faces two hard facts. The first is the fact that nobody has yet devised a way in which hidden stockpiles of fissionable materials may be detect- ed. It may be feasible to observe and control the production of these materials. It may actually be im- possible to locate their whereabouts. once they have been produced and concealed.

The second consideration is of even greater importance. The total abolition of atomic weapons may not be to the advantage of the Western nations. In the years after the war, the West has been notoriously weak, when compared with the military resources of Russia. All that has saved the West from being overrun -as the NATO commanders have frankly admitted - has been the possession by the West of nuclear weapons.

It is true that the West no longer has a monopoly of nuclear weapons. But so long as they are possessed by both sides, neither side may dare to use them, for fear of the terrible retaliation. This is what Sir Winston Churchill meant when he spoke of peace as being the study child of terror, or when he said that if the time had arrived when every- body might kill everybody else, perhaps nobody might want to kill anybody. .

The new Eisenhower plan would leave the nations with whatever nu- clear weapons they now possess. What it would accomplish is the

control of further manufacture by inspection both by air and on the ground. The plan, presumably would put an end to the explosion of nu- clear weapons in experiments. This, in Itself might be a most important thing, as the radiation from such explosions has become a. matter of some scientific anxiety, or at least of some scientific uncertainty.

EDITORIAL NOTES

The new and controversial farm bill now being debated by the United States Senate calls for federal gov- ernment assistance for the actual planting of trees on farmland in the big reforestation program now un- tier way. Hitherto the government has paid only for the trees; farmers were expected to look after the planting.

O I I

Reports from Washington indi- cate that President Eisenhower is still hoping that the Russians will accept his plan for aerial inspection of armaments, or some modification thereof. And reports from Moscow would seem to give that hope some measure of reasonableness. Premier Bulganin is quoted as saying he would have no objection to it "under certain safeguards". This is much better than his outright rejection at the Geneva Conference.

0 O 0

If Joseph F. McGInnis, whom po- lice suspect to have been t h c "brains" behind the much publicized Brink robbery, doesn't make a good defence, it won't be because of lack of diligence on the part of his coun- sel. So far, 567 motions have been filed in his behalf, the highest re- corner in the country's legal history. A court official says it will take him and his 38 member staff many thousands of hours to process the

ly three-quarters of a million words, which will have to be read by the presiding judge. Should the judge deny, the motions, or any one of

mar. they still will have to be read no the emu Jury along with the

wliolcllcfthem.

motions. They contain approximate-.

PUBLIC FORUM

This Illllflll ll upon to In disall- Ilnn by correspondent: of question: of Interest. The Guardian does not Iaccnnrily endorse the oplnln cl correspondents.

REPLY TO MR. PRATT

Sir.-in reply to a statement made by Mr. C. C. Pratt which appeared in the March 12th edi- tion of your valuable paper, I wish to say that I believe the majority of the people in the Dis- trict I have the honour to repre- sent are in favour of a Producers Marketing Board. This was shown in both pleblscites.

The question I wish to put Mr. Pratt right on is this: The dele- gation which he refers to present- ed a resolution and their views to Mr. Thomas Cullen and myself at Mr. Cullen's home, where I was invited to be present. Contrary to Mr. Pratt's statement. the resolu- tion they brought in was presented to the Government by Mr. Thom- a Cullen at my request, as he was going to Charlottetown the next day. A few days later, at a cau- cus of the Liberal members, we both mentioned the delegation. the number presenting it and their views. also another delegation with a resolution with different views.

So M. Pratt's Insinuatlons that I did not present to the Govern- ment the views of their delega- tion is not correct.

I am, Sir, etc., HARVEY DOUGLAS M.L.A.

FROM SNOW-BOUND The wind blew east; we heard the roar Of Ocean on his wintry shore. And felt the strong pulse throb-

bing there Beat with low rhythm our inland at

r.

Meanwhile we did our nightly chores,

Brought in the wood from out of doors,

Litlcred the stalls, and from the mows

Raked down the herd's-grass for lhe cows;

Heard the horse wlnnylng for his

corn;

And. sharply clashing horn on horn.

Impatient down the stanchion row:

The cattle shake their walnut bows; While. peering from his early

perch Upon the scaffold's pole of birch, The cock his crested helmet bent And down his querulous challenge

sent. -J. G. Whittier (1807-lizl

OUR YESTERDAYS

from The Guardian Files

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO (March 14. 1931)

Rum-running by aeroplane be- tween Prince Edward Island and the mainland is believed to be the latest move in what was describ- ed as the checker game between law enforcement and boot-loggers. At least two cargo: are said to have been landed In the vicinity of Mlscouchc within the last two weeks.

Large quantities of potatoes are moving It all shipping points In the Province. Farmers are ship- ping faster than the market can absorb them, and table stocks are from 4 to 6 cents lower than last week. Green Mountain table stock is selling for 30 cents and Cobblers for It cents in bushel.

The Interior finishing of the new Provincial sanatorlum is rapidly nearing completion. The elevator is at present being Installed, It is hoped that the new building will be opened by May flnt.

TEN YIAM 'AGO

(March 14. 1940) During the first thirty am of the man X-ray survey. over four thotuand residents of this city have

POSSIBILITIES UNREALIZED

The Growing Atom

. By Ellvm C, Fay Associated Press. Washington

Out in the distant Pacific. where weapons of city-killing size are tested. the United States will fire within-the next few weeks its 64th nuclear blast since the atomic era began.

This explosion, like the last two at the Eniwctok proving grounds, will emphasize the hydrogen bomb -the weapon to which world stra- tegy now is patterned.

This Is the heavywleght mem- ber of a family of weapons which the United States has developed through more than 10 years of ef- fort and an investment of sl2,000,-

000.000.

Of what does this family consist?

A casing small enough to fit into the bay of a medium bomber, con- taining energy equal to the explo- sion of 10,000,000 tons of ordinary TNT.

Or a tactical fission bomb, with the power of only 20,000 tons of TNT, suitable for striking enemy troops on a battlefield or taking out a specific group of buildings or an airfield.

NUCLEAR MISSILES 0r artillery shells for the same purposes.

Or missiles which can mount

warheads ranging anywhere be- tween the energy yield of the little atom bombs or the hydrogen bomb.

Unhappily. this array is not the only such family of weapons in the world. So the Enlwetok tests will be aimed not only at improv- ing their potentialities but devising or improving defences against them.

Here are some of the considera- tions involved:

A 10 megaton weapon 110,000,- 000 tons of energy release) pro- duces a fire hall three miles in diameter. Near the core, objects are vapnrzlcd by extreme heat. Farther out. metal melts. Beyond thc tire ball itself, thermal radia- tion instantly touches off all com- bustlble material.

The blast from a 1" ' hy- drogen bomb would leave no sur- vlvors. even among those seeking shelter in a reinforced concrete structure, outward for more than three miles from "ground zero." Out to 12 miles average homes would suffer severe damage, with more than "I of the people In them killed. the rest severely injured.

LETHAI. PARTICLES

The fall-out peril spreads much farther. A single H-bomb blast cnuld dust an area of 7,000 square miles with lingering potentially lethal radioactive particles.

Thrn there are other . , which. while not of nuclear na- ture. must he considered In plan- ning dcfcnccs for the atomic age. These include toxl warfare devices such as nerve gas, which kills al- most as quirky and far more ngonizlngly than the bomb itself. It can be planted by missile or plane.

Another potential mass killer is bacteriological warfare - "BW"- which can be applied In two ways: Against people and against the food on which they must live. It isn't fully effective In Its present, form, and its use might entail several applications.

Under preuurg of the second War, science took the abstract theory of atom splitting Illd tran-

TV RCMP STORIES

CALGARY (CPl - Documented stories of the RCMP are to be filmed for television by A newly- . ed Calgary organization. Glenn R. Handy.lpresldent and ro- ducer of Glenn . Handy Pr ne- tlons Ltd. said William Russecu, creator of Dragnet and Medic. will direct the series. Case histories have been made available through RCMP official: In Ottawa.

the chance to he done during the next few weeks. ” I

Representatives of organized lab- or In the Province met the lag-

tlulawlngtntbclcr'r.amouutaf matter-nowbofon loumit wouldbcpra . to mudocesucla It

slated it into the atomic bomb. A considerable amount of medical and industrial knowledge has since been gained almost as a byproduct of weapon Invention and improve- ment. lake the matter of reactor development. the business of us- ing atomic energy to turn shafts and produce power.

ATOMIC CRUISER

Its first application was to a sub- marine. Now a whole fleet of sub- mersibles, capable of cruising un- limited distances underwater at speeds impossible for conventional submarines, is under construction. Next will be a nuclear - powered cruiser. Beyond that. aircraft car- riers.

Under high priority Is the devel- opment of another pawer-produc- ing project - for a military alr- plane. Tests of atomic engines for aircraft will begin soon.

Why can't more money and man- power now go into the peaceful application of the atom to medi- cal, agricultural and industrial purposes.

The answer lies with that other family of weapons -- in Russian hands. In the absence of a work- able pact with Russia. the weapon and Its deterrent potential may hold the answer whether she could impose her will on. or even oblit- erate. the Western allies.

So far no such fact has been found. So the vast and costly pro- gram of weapon design and im- provement must continue.

The total numier of all types of nuclear explosions in date is be- lieved to be 76. Of these, the United States has fired 63. Russia 10, Britain three.

The great majority of them have been in the smaller, kiloton range. Probably not more than thr e or four have been major. in slot: bombs. This year. both the United States and Britain have announced plans for more hydrogen tests. Russia makes no announcement of plans.

The Age Old Story

..Beforc. the. mountains. were brought forth, or ever thou hadst formed the earth and the world, even from everlasting to everlast- ing, thou art God...For a thous- and years in thy sight are but as yesterday when It is put. and as I watch In the night.

for September, 1056.

Fill C Physical Education:

adnunumuoopoua I Address

TEACHIHC OPPORTIIHITIES FOR CATHOLIC TEACHERS

Catholic lcacherrunder 35 year: ago in good health with or without experience, holding a lucbof I diploma required to teach in the elementary grades of tho Montreal Catholic Schools

ELEMENTARY siiamm

lady Tolchm . . . . . (with tattoos dull) Illllllotll Collage Mm) 1.i50.- 3,450.

Slnglo Mon lucllots . (villi follqn dam) (wmnui cotton! mm) 2500... 4500.

Mlfriutlhoniucllon. IVIIIHCOIIOIINIIMI IVIIIl0I'WlI40I?IIl 2.000.- 5,000.

Uptoivoyeamcroditonsslaryscciofaroxpcrisnco.

PLUS: Supplcrncnnrygnntsfordopamiculaofllngio rude classes; Uhnryworlu Music inltmdion;

:gItall:PoItgnduatc

pminaursncolonoluzllbwal ilforllwuewhonodesirspvomoiloniolifghocbofgndaund grauodthvwghcompulloocutnlndtovs

mm,wm.wmydqu nnud . chunouu1pwibypsrlIIiptlII.In-- Till DIIICTOI DIIIAI. DI ITIIDII. MONTIMI. CAIIODI-I6 &NDOl ccuvmuou,

m :1. cannon st. vnsr, uouruuonuusna

I 'MedicaIIy . I Speaking

'7ll'lIIN.IIIl0IIl.M.D-

IIVII MAY rou.ow culur "Chill: and fever frequently go hand in hand

. chill. or Involuntlrif shiver- lnl attcc with a tense of cold- ness and pallor of the skin. gen- erally follows about an hour after substance is ' f duced blood strum. Such sub- bo arultu. bacteria

, p net: or oven vac-

Tbls chill boosts your body's but uction without much change on.

9 C :7 3

Ion. You've got a fever.

Unless there's I bud injury. fev- er seldom exceed: 106.5 degrees. For persons confined to their beds. any temperature above 00.0 may be considered a fever. For per- sons who have been recently mod- erltely active. tam state: above 90.0 degrees are evcrl. Usually normal rectal temperature: no from .05 to 1.0 degrees above oral tomlieruturu.

SOMETIMES IIELPFUL

While fever often is useless and won harmful. sometimes it is be- lieved helpful. Antibody production, we believe, is enhanced b high body temperatures. This big tem- perature may also help mobilize other mechanisms for defense dur- lng infections. Also. the temperat- ure inhibits certain microorgan- isms such as gonococcul and others.

Extremely high fever. however. can be fatal in itself. Some fevers increase the oxygen and nourish- ment demands of tissues and cause quite a bit of harm. Prolonged fev- er weakens a person by increasing metabolism.

DOC'l'0R'S ADVICE

While your physician must de- declde how to combat the fever and other symptoms, he'll probably ad- vise that water be given the pat- ient every hour to compensate for fluid loss. Maybe one to three grams of sodium chloride should be given three times a day if the salt intake is low.

Sponge baths. a sheet bath. on Ice water enema or cold head com- presses may be advised to help reduce the temperature. Your doc- for can also administer any of a number of drugs which will help lower the fever.

If the patient must stay in bed any length of time, you can give him daily soap-and-water baths. Follow these u with an alcohol back rub. Bes des keeping him clean, they'll help his morale.

QUESTION AND ANSWER

M.M.: would X-rays reveal a growth in the stomach or intest- inal tract?

Answer: In most cases. a owth In the stomach or intestinal tract will be revealed by X-rays.

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cIaDU:Tcad.Ihgin ;0umuIativcSicklacvo Rdirunontliian.

T

P880 4. The Guardian

Notes By The I Way I

Notlidg Ina-cuss tho value of gold like having it handled by I dentist.-Toronto Star.

An Oakvlllo Judge lune-all 0:! government Ihould- subsidize young newlyweds. It would at inst take the burden pff some psnntu.-To ronto Star.

A prison inmate has attempted to stab a guard with I T-bone from a steak. The meat course here- after, it is understood, will be nu- uge.-Toronto: Telegram.

Acconliu to Premier Manning. tho opposlt on in the Alberta leg- Jnlnturc is resorting to "political propaganda" again. To any season- ed Albertan, the meaning of this is clear at once. The opposition has criticized Pemler Manning and his Social Credit government. -Calgary Herald.

If we must get rid of any letter: from our alphabet. we would lug- gelt startin with Q or F. Aphtor III. we co Ii become quite lcllI- tomcd to spelling it Kweboc if we had to. Nor would we think It kwecr to phacc the pbacts such spelling would phorce upon us. 0 and K, and F and PH are large- ly duplication for the rough and ready, rolllcklngulroll of repeated RI.-Quebec C onlcle-Telegraph.

Two of the one-man submarines invented by Dimitri Rebikoif. a French engineer in Cannes. have been purchased by the United States Navy. The subs, about sev- en feet long and powered by elect- ric motors, can carry out under- sea mission: for about five hours and can descend to depths of about 170 feet. They will be used by the navy for exploration work and un- derwater movles. and in search for wrecks.-France Actuelle.

Nlllldif 'Il cremation. with the income tax dudiiuo so near-win. dsor Star. .

A southern gentleman 15' In-cu. ed at the ago of 10 for bullllrillug a house. Wall aren't we all jup. posed to take up some hobby to occupy In in the semen you: of retirement?-Winnipeg Tribune

The mnuccrl of a speech Mr. Wintcrl. ulster of Publl: works, has this In its first pan. ("Phi "stotiltlcl. like w nun, are liable to many intern flung, but mine are quite innocent and straight-forward." And by lug.-. once-women are not? Mr. Winters may conclude this could have been put in I different way.-Ottawa Journal

..1f 1 man builds a both: as trip. the world will but I :3: to his door. so the gm, and it ll being born out in Cu. min northland whcr tho Ccnad. in Army has been testing com. new style snowshoes. Made of light and strong mngnulum, 2).. snowshoes promise to replace the old hickory and nut devices which have been In me so long.--Prince Albert Herald.

-3- W- Keller. director of re- senrch for the International Wood- workers of America. Ilyl that saw: may become t d d in 11.. lumber industry. Speaking at I district convention In Vancouver last week. he said that log: could be cut by radio waves. which leave no sawdust and produce boards which are already planed. sounds wonderful. But what happens if the static is bad?-Bellville Inteliigeu. cer.

AID IAHI LY II.I.I

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If you have a steady income and can make regular monthly payments. no ondoraers are required. Loans from 860 to 81000. usually made in one day.

C IIOIIIIIIOLD FINANCE

W. I. Whaler, Monlgcr I50 Ono! George 31.. who 1, phone I517 OlAII.01'IllOVINa 5.l.l.

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