' tion.

zpJa

-__i

K a. ﬂ raven lvorss on

colvzvscrsn wlru Silver Fox Farming

roncs ’_

lion as to the progress made by silver Fox farming in other parts of the world. We are prone to take ourselves too seriously and to con- sider Prince Edward Island not only as the birth place of the industry, but also as the dominating aactor in the industry. It is a nice, comfort- able feeling to have and perhaps should be left at that, but in those days oi stress and strain where one has to keep an eye on foreign com- petitors it is better to face facts and realize that Silver lipx farming has become an international affair and that Norway, a country which in 1922 possessed only 450 ranches, has to-day 10,000 fur farms.

‘Through ﬁgures which appear 1n the American Fur Breeder of Sept- ember we are enabled to give to readers of the Guardian the correct facts regarding Norwegian fox pro- duction. Those statistics are in- teresting and complctc, are from Government records add therefore reliable and accurate. They not only show an exact condensed cen- sus oi fur farming in Norway for 1934, but they indicate that poly- gamous mating is practised exten- sively.

The production figures show the losses by ranchers through disease and non-producers and will be of great value in enabling us to COD‘!- pare our own individual results with the percentage as shown from the Norwegian fur farms.

For the season of 1934, 54,096 fe- male Silver Fklxes and 23.042 males were carried over by the 10,000 fur farmers for breeding purposes. This would allot an average of 2.3 fe- males to each male. The fifty-four thousand and ninety-six females were credited with 136.125 pups at five months ‘o! age, or an average of’ 2.6 pups per female. ‘This aver- age, we believe, would be about a. sixth above the production of Prince Edward Island fox females which we have reason to believe do not average more than two to the fe- male at five months. -.

Of the 54,096 females that were carried over, 38,172 or 71% nave birth to pups and they whelped a total of 102,900 pups or an average of 4.3 pups to the litter. Oil this great number only 136,125 were alive at five months of age. The mortal- ity. rate was 16% of all pups born.

This mortality rate seems very high. much higher than in this country, unless it is that they count their pups earlier than we do. The usual practice 1n this country to to count the pups at anywhere from 18 to 21 days of age. The Norweg- ians may count theirs at two or three days of age or perhaps ear- lier. That, of course, would make considerable difference in mortality figures. Even then the 16% seems pretty high.

Another interesting disclosure in ‘the report is that although the marketable crop was 136,125, only 100,604 pelts were taken oﬁ, leaving an increase for breeding stock of 10,841 males and 21.680 females. 'I‘he Norwegians therefore, carried over for this season 75.776 breeding females. Estimating that 71% of these gave birth to pups and that the average litters are 4.3 as in 1934 and with the death rate as 16% as last year, they would have a. totil pup production for 1935 of a, little over 165,000. .

To make the figures clearer and more understandable we are re- producing them again.

Statistics of Norwegian Fox Farms as of September 1st, 1034 Total number of Silver Fox

farms . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . . 17,589 Adult mal on same 23 842 Adult fema es on same .... 54,096 Young males born 72,097 Young females born oil 228 Total of all ages . . . . . . . . 214,063 Females that gave birth to

pups in 1934 . . . . . . . . . . . .. 38,112 Total number of young born 162,000 Total number of young died 26.875 Total number of Silxer Foxes

pelted season of 1934, and

beginning of 1035’ . . . . . . . . 103,604

‘The above figures were startling even to the writer who nas been more or less familiar with fox farm- ing operations in Norway for many years. As a matter of fact I had no idea that, they had climbed to such a big production. Asuming that they will have some 165,000 pelts to market this year and giving their neighbor, Sweden, ‘a. produc- tion of 50.000 Silver Foam mdihc mt of Europe and Japan 25.000. the figures would total for Europe ind Asia. 240,000 fox pelt produc- Add to this an estimate for Canada of 10,000 and the United ﬂtates 115,000, would give a total

' . vol-m production of 515.000, at least

11% above 1934.

i 51.2.7133 Mill! .<.F B-B ~:"|5%o||.t'6|nlng "O

Very few of us have any coucep- _

_ - — / Ii rl I f "l 0116:‘ “all, sternum:

A "H ""°""' m" i”. $1.511 ‘ll. balanced \ pvauuu, 10.005 vtumm ORE Inlnml ultl than any other ration

, J3 §rei|d F9: linden

Other furs farmed‘ and pelted in Norway include 5,643 blue fox, 29 white fox, 1.705 cross fox, 1.018 red fox, 2,001 mink and 1,193 otter. Sweden's production of Silver Foxes as mentioned above would be about 50.000 and 18.000 blue foxes.

The attendance at the recent Seattle, Washingtonhrur Exchange salc was very good ahd the bidding brisk. Advances were recorded in Silver Fox, lynx, and wolves, while muskrat declined.

Twenty-five thousand mink were oﬁered with 90% sold. Best Alisk- ans and interior British Columbians brought $14; Yukons one‘s and two's, $11. Fifteen hundred red fox offered with 80% sold, best lnter- iors $15.00. Lower qualities from $12.00 down to $5 per skin. But Alaskan blue foxes sold at $70.00. Selected Alaskan dark mnrtens sold at $30. Best dark fisher sold at $75.00. Three hundred SilvenFox with 80% sold with a. 5% advance in price; best quality full silvers brought $100. Best quality halves and three-quarters, $75. Weak and slightly off-colors, $45. Quarter sil- vcrs $35., eight silvers $28, blacks $16.

Rudolph Menzel of Petersburg, Michigan, who has made quite a success of mink farming, writes in- formatively in the American Fur Breeder of September. Here are a few extracts from his article. ‘The fur trade pays the highest price for extra. dark mink pelts, still the extra dark color means very little unless the pelts are full-furred and clear colored.

The judges at the Ohio mink and fox show did an extra good Job of educating breeders who attended as to what types of mink are commer- cially the most valuable. The prize winning mink were of the very highest type, equal to any in exist- B308 to-day either wild or pen rais- e .

To aid in explaining matters the judges brought several tanned mink pelts with which w demonstrate to each breeder the qualities by ncttial touch that could only be seen on the live animals in the display cages. They clearly demonstrated that qualities such as density and texture of fur can be seen and judged with normal eyesight.

Given good breeding animnls there are four main factors that contribute towards the bringing about. desired results, namely, proper food, a clean dry nest box. exercis- ing space and shade. The general basis of our ration is meat, 75% has been found to be about the fight percentage. Horsemeat is easily oo- tainable here and the mink prefer it to any other type of meat. If fed alone it is too strong so we modify it with fish. At this season we feed 60% horsemeat and 40% fish.

Occasionally beef liver is substit- uted for the horsemeat. All meat and fish are finally ground and thoroughly mixed with the cereal. vegetables, etc. Cereals make up about 10% of our ration and we prefer them cooked as we believe they get greater nourishment. For vegetables we use tomatoes and car- rots. Tomatoes are fed raw in sea.- son and canned during the winter. We cook the carrots because they are digested better by the mink. Vegetables make up about 10% of our total daily mixture. The re- maining 57» is made up of 3% milk. one per cent wheat bran and one per cent yeast. We alternate with whole cow's milk one day and pow- dered skim milk the next. Adult mink are fed twice daily at all sca- sons of the year. This makes more work for the rancher but it also in- duces tho mink to exercise twice daily, -.

Importance of a. clean nest. Ex- perience has shown that, a clean, dry and well ventilated nest helps largely to bring out and hold the fine qualities in a pelt. A dirty, wot nest will ruin the color of a. fine mink pelt in a single day. As soml. individuals have unclean nest hab- its wc find it pays to check all nest boxes twice a week during the period when the pelt is maturing.

Importance of shade. The direct rays of the sun will fade a mink pelt either in the raw state of after ll; has been tanned. Therefore we think ii a good policy to protect the new coat of fur on our mink from the direct rays of the sun."

We publish the above for the in- formation of our mink flfmers and also because what applies to mink also applies to Silver Floxes and there is a lot of real good sound sense in Mr. Manuel's article.

ANIMAL HIiSiiANBRY

(Continued)

The problem to most farmers of feeding horru is simply taking care of those that work on the farm. The driving horse has been largely displaced by the motor car. and the adaptation of mechanical devices to farm work has develop- ed a carelessness, in mB-fly cases. about how horses should be looked after.

It would be idle to argue upon the question of whether horse pow- er or mechanical power is the most advantageous to use. The circum- stances of the farmer must decide this. There are cases where he can save money and get much better results from the use of tractors, 1n fact. there are often conditions sur- rounding his work which would make its accomplishment impos- sible without "the application of gasoline powor.

There are other cases where horses serve the farmer's purpose satisfactorily and economically. This is ajquestlon he must decide on his own account. We have not the slightest doubt. however, ~that both horse and tractor powcrywill be used on farms for some time io come. One is the compliment of the oth- er, they both have advantages for certain purposes, and the work to be done. as well as the skill of the farmer either as a mechanic or a horseman. will decide, in each case. which is to be used.

In the care of no other livestock is the attendant so liable to pro- duce either very efficient or 0x- fremely unsatisfactory results, as with horses. Two men may use the same amount of feed. and appear to be equally intcrestcdJn. or an- xious about. their charges, yet one

coats. thick legs, and generally in an pnthrifty condition, while the sleek coats and bright eyes of the horses under the other duo's care indicates that he understand". his animals. '

It is generally found ‘that the man who can feed horses well can also hitch and drive them. and that he can get more work out of his animals, and keep them in good condition. on less feed. than the man who has no skill with beasts of burden.

The horse differs irom cattle and sheep in that it is not a ruminant, yet it is able to consume and di- gcst a considerable amount of roughage. The horse is not provid- ed with a paunch in which to store large quantities of rough food, but has instead what is known as the caecum. an enlarged bowel. where partiallrdigested food undergoes digestion by bacteria. and this en- ables the horse to digust hay and

A News

- __a-..'- _

THE ' PALE COIQYDALIS

Mr. Ludlow Jenkins, of Marsh- ﬁeld, writes: "Ibr several years I have noticed a ‘plant which grows on this farm. and have never been able to ﬁnd the name o1 it. I am enclosing a sample. It grows 12 to 20 inches high, and the bloom is something like a pea. It blooms for a long season; evidently an annual. It 1s a very pretty plant when in

bloom; I wasthinklug -it would make a ood plant for the garden. Chester eed does not, give 1t in

his “Flower Guide," but perhaps you could name it in your "Notes? I have passed-the pond at south- port recently where you mentioned that a couple of rare‘ plants grew and I think your surmise that live stock have destroyed them is cor- rect, as far as I am able to tell." It is a pleasure to respond to Mr, Jenkins’ request. The plant is the Pale Corydalis, scientiﬁcally C. sempervirens (L.) Pers. It is a showy plant belonging to the Fum- lwfy EFOIIP. bearing rose-colored ﬂowers with yellow tips, The seed- pods are long and slender,’ with many small, black. shining, seeds, This Corydalls was called C. glance

will have his horses with starving »

straw quite thoroughly. The horse's stomach, however. is much smaller than that of a cow. a fact which must be‘ taken into consideration in the feeding of horses.

Possibly the ' commonest mistake that is made in feeding horses is by giving them too much hay or roughage.’ The digestive organs of p. horse should not be unduly dis- tended by heavy feeds of coarse fodder.

A great many horses will eat too much roughage if it is furnishedto them, so care should be taken not to keep a horse's manger always full of hay. and thus encourage it to unﬁt itself for work by over- eating coarse feed.

Horses are fed for entirely differ- ent purposes than cattle. We do not wishto fatten horses for meat. We wish them to look well. but we are feeding them to develop and maintain strength.

In young horses we want to grow strong. dense bone and the best of muscling. Horses are develolﬁd and fed to pull loads, or stand fa.- tigue in travelling, therefore the energy value of feed is highly im- portant when discussing rations for a horse.

Carbohydrates and fats in food arc the elements used in supplyin; energy. and the mly protein re- quired in mature horses is the amount necessary for the repair of body tissues.

Young. growing hories. when ttheir muscles are being developed, require a. sufficient supply of pro- tein for the building up of their muscular system and they have cal- cium for the formation of bone. Colts grazing on limestone soil will build up better bones than those fccdlng on low, ﬁat land. The quel- ity oi’ bone in horses is largely a matter of inheritance, but without an adequate supply of calcium it is imposdble for young horses to develop bone as they should.

i. Agriculturlst.

LIVERPOOL, England, Sept. 13- (CP)- Patrick Devine, a ship's fireman, dived 50-foot from the deck of the C. P. R. liner Mont-

Uas allmmrb for sun Jolnh

uslnﬂl:

clam. berthed at Liverpool dock Wigan fron drowning.

by the older Island botanists. It is not common, I Judge, for I have not come across it since 1013.

It‘ is given in the text-books as a native biennial, with a range from E. Quebec to Alaska and south as far as Kentucky. Perhaps our good friend and would kindly save seeds 1n;- dim-l- bution? It should do well, an he suggests. as a garden ﬂower.

The drought and the livestock will doubtless have cleared the marsh plants of many low-lying spots this ytar.

A SINGULAR, TRANSACTION

A while ago, in "Notes by the Way," we were told n. little story of P- Canadian who wanted to take back home a. certain fur. made up as an article of wear, as a. present. Ho then went to a London furrier, “’h°~ MWBVBI‘. had not got "thefur in stock, but though he could pro- curc it. The total cost he thought would be ﬁfteen pounds. This was agreeable to the Canadians who left this hotel address and a refer- encc to his banker. A week 15w- he received the fur. made up, and an account for ten pounds. the fur- rier explaining that he m"! been nble to purchase the fur ﬁve pgunds cheaper than he had quot. c .

This brlnss up the memory of another transaction which 15 0g equal singularity-judging it by cisatlantic standards. During the Great WHY. although Btitain ad- vertised "Business as usual,” that did not apply to prices, which soared to unprecedented heights. Just at this juncture the writer felt the need of a new suit and knowing where to get a. good article, wrote to Yorkshire for prfceg, etc, The amwerrame back, “forty-two dol- lars. with all expenses (insurance. freight. and duties) paid." same time the ﬁrm sent along a Sﬁmble book of woollens, self mea- surement chart. and tape-measure, B11 COmDIete. As the price was not out or the way for war-time, the forty-two dollars were duly remit- ted, with all the particulars requir. ed. It was a. month later when the 1111i came. (owing w difficulties of transport) but the most interesting thing was the receipt of a. money order for seven dollars, with the explanation that cloth had dropped several points since the order-came in. and the suit was now thirty-ﬁve 110118-113 A most exemplary way of (T911011! a customer. but not often followed in other countries!

That suit lasted "like iron”: I wore it till the sun baked all the color out of it, without any of the fabric giving tray. The under gur- face of the cloth was unchanged and like new. The makers certainly knew how to give satisfaction: but above all the transaction shone the integrity mat would not take ad. vantage of a customer's ignorance of the price.

PLANT FROM BAYFIELI) ST.

divas TTEUA)

is no starvellng," they said, don- oldor lands of Europe.

vantagcszu land for all. correspondent small population spread ov r half a continent; im-

scarce; minerals agricultural products in an embar- rassing surplusage: and ﬁsh of all kinds in enormous numbers.

into this mess, with all our advan-

some time ago, he remarked that I should hear a great deal about nematode worms in the near fut-

especlally in their relation to plant life. This made me curious, and I began a kind of enquiry on my 0W0 account. nematode is a. round worm. big or little, without segments or divisions of body such as the earthworm has it is "all of one piece."

in the sea, or inside animals or

have any pigment or coloring mat- ter, they are usually of a. dirty white 0r else translucent.

embodied in the Nematodes. which must not be passed over unnoticed. They are the ﬁrst‘ living creatures At the in the ascending scale which have the power of sense of discarding their outer cut- icle, as eaierpillars do, and some reptiles; and in this group "there is for the ﬁrst time in the animal kingdom a food-canaV-that is to say a kind of entrail with blunt end of the‘ worm. and an anus at the other.

infecting man are the maw-worm

wot-m (oxyuris vermicularis), both

both inimical io well-being. though not dangerously so. especially liable to these worms to which, for some reason, adults build up an immunity. infestation by the hook-worms Ne- cator and Ankylosmmum; in some parts or the world these creatures

nipples. ' liable to the attacks 0f “r0000-

0R FARﬁ-‘ERS. §REEI>EPIN

Nomi u

trouble! My informant had seen the floor literally blackened with the dead bodies 0f houseflies. The growing plant, I note, is extensive- ly pierced by the potato nee-beetle. which evidently finds it harmless! The milk. though poisonous to- flies. is drunk by chickens with im- punity, and no case of - ironing of humans has ever been reooide‘ by those using the plant; which is not the case in using the Fly-pols- on Toadstool. Amanita inuacnria L.

The seed-pod of the Apple of Peru ‘contains, about 000 _ small seeds. and this always ensures a number of seedlings in any waste place in the garden. Some English catalogues list the seed of this plant, and perhfps my correspond- ent could save some seed for dis- tribution.

To make the fly-poison more ef- fcciive, put the shallow vessels on the window sill, and draw down the blind to within four inches of the vessels. The ﬁles make for the light and are close to the poison.

AND HOW?

The older Canadian poets, quoted in our former school-books.

- wit:

Heavy And gﬁhtbﬂft

°'*t”':.“"....."' s» s. c ‘ ' ' ' e s I . that you dggling or W"!!! e‘ ‘ i: generally most severe on the verifies and on thﬂ "Y! light coils. vilmﬂlr observation! were mule several years cs0 durlnl the course oi.’ the roll curve! W0"!- There is, however, a. definite tend- ency during the present period 01 drought, says Scienltifio Agricult- urc. for sbrious drifting to develop on medium-textured soils infill"!!! elasazd as relatively nou-drlﬂlu! types. The presence of a. blah W"- tent of humus or decomposed or- ganic matter does not prevent I soil from drifting in the black park cone, around Indian I-Ieild and Melfort for instance. While the in- vestisationa indicate that the Prob- lem is most serious on the lighter soil types. the heavier soils also de- mand attention since they are much more valuable sgriculturally. There is _no indication that the present tendency of these soils to drift is due to any serious 108s in their productive power. The analy- ses show that the clay soils and the corresponding drifted materials are practically identical in com- position than the original soil. Drift from medium textured soils exhibited s. similar tendency but the differences between soil and drift are not great. The whole mat- ter of soil-drifting. of course, is now

fostered an intense pride in the prosperity of the country. "Here

trusting the new nation with the It is true that we have many national ad- with I. of ten millions

mensc tracts of forest land, in a world where timber is getting "without end";

We have everything we need. Andsoine thousands of people on relief as well. How on earth did we 86$

tages? NEMATODE WORMS

In conversation with a scientist

ure, as they were likely to be made the subject of special investigation.

I found then, that a.

Secondly. its habitat is exceedingly varied: dlﬂerent species of nematodes may be found in wbter, in damp soil.

plants. In all cases they are cylin- drical, with a blunt head and a tapering tail; and as they rarely

There are two biological features

“m0ulting", in the

through-and-through

a mouth at the

The two commonest Nematodes

(Ascaris lumbrlcoidcs) a large spe- cies, and the pen-wonn or thread-

to be found in the intestines, and children are

More serious is

take a terrible toll of human vital- ity, The guinea-worm (Fllaria) and the ‘Prichinella are other 9X-

All our domestic animals are

A fortnight ago I receivedaplant from Hayﬁeld St., which I judged to be the Apple of Peru. but was

not

quit/e certain because

this

plant was entirely unfamiliar to

me, and moreover it was shape when received.

in bad In order in

"shaman

have an authoritative opinion on it. I forwarded the specimen to Ottawa. and had the following re- ply:_ "Dear Bir;—'I‘he plant speci- men enclosed in your letter of Aug- ust 2a is. as you surmise. the Ap- ple of Peru, Nicandra. physalodes (4.) Pers. Yours very truly. E. W. Hart, Junior Botanist.” I am in- debted to Mr. Hart for his prompt P9011’-

The Apple of Peru is included in Macbvvains list of Island plants but must be very rare as the Bayﬁeld st. specimen was the ﬁrst I had seen. It is not a handsome plant, being a rather scraggy-looklng an- nual with blossoms of n faded in- digo color; itl fruit is a round pod ﬁlled with man needs. and enclos- ed by the inﬂated calyx. its struc- ture show; its relation to the l- to, the tomato. the ao-cslled ole Lantern phat. the ground-cel- ery, and _ member: of the Bolmum 11m . .

1hr (mention: the comm-y hounwml of the ‘v3.1. pu-ticu ldrly h: Iﬂuth. h!!! been _ the n: I ﬂr-Wlwn- of the plant ll! up and a small quan- mlll 1e stirred into liquid in then put Ylllﬂl and

nu- tfty. ‘u!

m up. Minn

o hin-

worms." and the careful farmer is ever on the watch to control thew parasites. Others attack insects. and the commonest of these is the Qordius aquaticus, a "hair-worm" usually found in the common cric- ket, The "gape-worms" of poul- my, and. I imagine. the “lung- wonns" of foxes, are in this group.

In Britain considerable rerearch hts been carried on amongstthose Nematodes which injure vegetable life. There are, it is said. multi- tudes o1 species, such as Tylencfiu: tritici, which cawes "ear-ouch?! in wheat. and Hem-odors ‘ in root-crops like turnips andand- ishcs. Bums of the gills which xe- plaoe the grains of wheat in "ur- cockle," wen dried out or Nun years. and then when he gall! were soaked in water for a 0001110

Spinning-and Waving

. 1mm visited the lpot it

under the consideration of the Prairie Farm Rehabilitation Com- mittees, directed by the Dominion Department of Agriculture.

Care Of ' Malting Barley

Barley is one of the best feeds for many classes of livestock and at the present moment a com- mittee of the Dominion Depart- ment of Agriculture is studying the factors which will make bar- ley more available to livestock feed- ers, particularlydn the Maritimes. Ontario, and British Columbia. Meanwhile, the National Barley Committee, under the slogan of “Take care of your malting bar- ley". has issued some timely ad- vioe. It would appear that much barley that would grade No. 8, or higher, is spoiled in the handling, so the Committee suggests that the grain should be thoroughly ripe before cutting and stooked care- fully to allow the sheaves to dry and yet be protected from rain. Stocks should be capped u neces- sary. The barley should be threshed as soon as dry, and if possible be- fore it is rained upon. The fol- lowing precautions should be ob- served in threshing: adjust sieves to ensure least possible return to the cylinder; allow no end play in the cylinder; ensure proper clearance in all augurs; set con- cavcs down at least half-way; use only one or at the most. two rows of teeth; thresh in the early morn- ing, not. when dry and hot; slow down the speed as low as possible. 100 (Revolutions Per Minute) be- low normal; feed sheaves butt-end ﬁrst and where much barley is being threshed, change the cylinder pulleys to slow down the speed of the sylinder only,

of hours the Nematode "eel-worms" revived! ’

When real vinegar-not acetic acid from wood-d; left uncovered, there is another species, “the vine- gar eel" (Anguillula. aceii), which rwamts 1n the decomposing ﬂuid. It is believed that those lowly cre- atures can live in a desiccated con- dition for fourteen years, and af- terwards revive under favorable conditions.

Such is a very brief notice of an important group. one outstanding lesson is that all the parasites of animals (including hymans) owe their increase to em elected with the excreta; and that a proper dis- posal of the latter will give effect- ive control. It is known. too. that the various house-ﬂies are carriers of Nematode eggs and larvae.

HERMITAGE Al; WAEKWORTH ( )

-My readers, who have per-chance read Charles Readeh “Cloister and the I-learth"-—lt is. 1 see. on thv shelves of the Public Library-will recollect how "Gerard, the ron of Eli", discovered in the hermltage at Gouda, where he had taken re- fuge. There is nothing to show where Reade got his details of the refuge. but they are almost identi- cal with those in the famous her- mitage at Warkworth. Northumber- land, which is. I believe, quite un- ique in Enlland. This remarkable lttle oratory is cut out of- a solid f tone cliff about twenty feet in height, and consists o! three chambers known es the Chapel. the Confessional and the Dormitory, all constructed up- parently just before the middle of the fourteenth century. The visit- or musttakc a boat to reach the stairs leading to the Hermitage. which are of seventeen steps, at the" top of which. out in the solid rock. is a sort of little porch. with A atone seat on each side. 0n the time: wall, over the entrance is a faded inscription n Latin. which is tnnllltcd as ". tears have been my meat (panes) d}! and night." The Chapel, chimed ﬁrst, in about 20 feet long. 8 wide and shout. the same in hei ht: it is gracefully arched, and a the mt Ind 1| a stone altar. But the vil- itm is attracted Ly an alter-tomb on which is a no ‘bent ctltue of a lady, with uprals" liiiida, audio gwhich I romantic 1W1’) lflttlos; ed. The "Confesrloiil? llll stone sitar out um in nut. 0n the top of the cli 0110C the hermiiu garden: cum the

l brutiful grove o: liti-dvrood ml. Wm ‘Broil-s of hilbﬁ ll 11314101‘-

Wax Pluoking» » . y of Poultry

The use o! u: in the plucking o: ultxy a one at the , t- im- por _ i; stats eoconipliche in the market-poultry industry orccnm during the put twelve months. In this respect, no publicatlbnrélating ib poultry has been awlitbd with more interest than the, pamphlet 0n this subject now being issued

Council of Canada and the Domin- ion Department of Agriculture. The results of extensive investiga- tions and actual practioepembrac- ing the preparation of birds for waxing. wax coating the birdgwax plucking broilers, reclaiming the wax which can be used again and again. and indeed all the steps in- volved in the wax plucking of poul- try suitable for use on n" small scale 0r on the farm, are fully explained, augmented by many fine illustra- tions. - _

Wax plucking operations are sim- ple and straightforward. and sult- able equipment may be assembled from the utensils in general use on the farm. Many people who were expert at killing poultry hesitated at “@5810! the birds on accountof the possibility o1 tearing and dis. ﬁguring the car-cases, more par-me- "1811? those of crate-fed. well-ﬁn- ished poultry. with the advent of wax plucking that hesitancy has been overcome. In view of the in. creasing number of fmners who desired to ﬁnish and dress their poultry properly at home, a con- stant search has been maintained by officers of the Dominion Depart- ment of Agriculture in charge of market-poultry improvement to ﬁnd ways and means of facilitat- ing the ﬁnishing nnd sale of the birds over a wider period o: the Year. and also of decreasing the more onerous and difficult parts of the dressing operations without ro- eourse to the- elaborate and. Qxpen- rive equipment Xleoesgafy- w 1,1,9 Wei-Pluck in vogue in the United States. .

The Canadian oﬁlcers felt that m? Wlilblllf-les of wax plucking, dry-touched birds were worthy of investigation and. under the direc. tion of the Director of Research of the Department of Agriculture, 01.. ﬂférs 01 the Poultry Services of the Live stock Branch conferred with oﬁlcers of the chemistry Div- ision of the National Research Council and a. eta-operative project was planned...'rhe National Re- search Council supplied the -re- Search moisture and the facilities for work. the Live Stock Branch

assistance, and the Dominion Ex- Perlmental mums Brancnthc ne- cessary. live birds work. The object was to ﬁnd. g formula for wax plucking and a. method that would supplement the dry rough-pluck in, use on Olnad. inn farms and one for which the IREOPWYY . Ht would be both simple and inexpensive. This has been done. Meanwhile about 14o formulas had been pfgpgﬂd and tested before a suitable wax and method had been evolved. Applic- ations as to where the wax may be obtained should be gddregggd p; the Notional Research Council, 0t- tawa. Copies of the pamphlet "The Use of Wax in the Plunking of

be obtained free fromthe-Public-

ity and Extension Branch, 130mm;

a; Department of Agriculture, Ot- a.

GARDEN Bus

jointly with the National Research»

the trade knowledge and laboratory-

wlth which to-

PWRYY" by Dr. N. H. Grace can '1‘

World Fruit/Exports

In few countriesulo fruit export;

fabtvthat in recent years the price; of fruit have flllen somewhat leg than those of general commodities,

exports of Ipples in 103$ accounted

_f0r just over ttvo per cent by valui

of Canada's total export trade. and for one and l. half per cent o! t)“ trade o Australia and o: Ne“ Zéaland. Normally, the pmpgmm, in these countries does not exceed ode per cent.

Pear and fresh grape expqm u; of negligible importance, but eg. port; of oranges averaged 15 pa, cent of Spain's annual trade ‘lnﬂhq period 1928-32, and over B0 per eeni of the export trade o! Palestine, Bananas account for over so pg] cent of the exports of the Repuimq of Honduras, for about 0o per cent of the Canary Islands’ export trade, and for half the ‘export trade s; Jamaica and Panama. The wlnq export trade is o! considerable vale ue to-Algeria. and Portugal, whg" it accounts for over 40 and so p91

' cent respectively of the total ex.

port trades. Eports of cumnu are responsible for about one-ﬁfth of the trade of Greece. The pro- portion or canned fruit exports ex. ceed one per cent in one country only, namely, Malaya.

Botany And Food

Among the sciences that contri- bute to agricultural and horticul. tural progress none has closer or more multifarious contacts with practical crop production than bot- any. If such contacts are appar- ent only to those most intimately concerned with agricultural re- search, the reason is to be sought in the comparative neglect of bot- any in the general. educational syc- tem. which leaves the average per- son under the impression that thc main function of botany is to give plants long names. The science of

owing. plants has inevitably been connected from the earliest time: with the art of growing them. Itl developmentjn fact can be traced from the "physio gardens’ o1 the Middle Ages to the botanic garden: of later ‘times with a distinguished record of services in the collection, i- ‘ tiﬂcatiou and dissemination of useful plants all over the world. Today, botany and botanical re- search has a direct bearing an ev- cry individual of a nation, as i: evinced in Canada. by the work of the Division of Botany of the no- minion Department of Ag-‘cultmc both-in actual practice and in ze- scarch. It-wars against disease 1n the cereal. fruit and other food plantsi it fumis es the best know- ledge ‘(available for the extermina- tiono weeds ind the conservation ofpastures. and ensures the grow- ing of good potatoes by inspection and certiﬁcation of tubers intended for seed purlposeb. Working in c0- operatlon with the other B-anchel of the Dominion Department oi Agriculture. and in touch with aci- entlsts of other countries, its lab- oratories and its work onstem rust and the production of pure seed and widely known. '

“PERFECT!” Amt some:

NEW YORK-(O. PJ-Orlly hi! "Perfect" games have been moaned in nmior league baseball .

he last was by Charley Robertson. Chicago‘ White Box freshman in 1922. He set down Detroit Tiger-n without allowing a. man to reach ﬁrst base.

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