pw

FE_BRUAR.Y 7. 1948 I THE GUARDIAN» C ETQWN ’ ’ v14‘ ~<<( -"41.\'4\.\;\'.\.'4<¥-\4<a\~ A41 <,-_ 1,, ‘ C’ _ . . g 1mm mi: on mic: __ ,_l i I - NE a - i l pu‘ g i § oonlrcrro nun g H. Q\

Dy Agricola The Annual Meeting of the " ‘ 1 mgws-oeo-ewwaa-o-o-o-emoo-eo-o-ooaw uoo-owo-eeowe-et MEADQWDROOK FARMERS b x vglwlty of wind p.m., Charlottetown reported the , INSTITUTE F E wind as no m.p.h.. while Summer- will i» m i» o- men Hw- ‘ -

Hare are sonne notes on the side claimed it was between 100 MUN-DAY, FED. 9H1 AT l P.M. 35- - g

nslocitv lfld emw"! ° “mi i" “"1 I25! The "m" W" "l ‘P If not fine following doy. Reports from ranchers say that four or flvo times the first season '

h, 01d Country. and probably daqwhQlQ, wind was measured by 1,; pressure in lbs. on a surface ,1 one square foot. If the wind was travelling at one mile per m“; (1 mph.) it would be pres- ‘trig at 0.005 lbs. on the sq. foot. md would be hardly perceptible. if the velocity is doubled. the orusure ls quadrupled: for in- itance a ivlnd-veloclty of 2 mph. ‘vxerts a. pressure of 0.020 lbs. on rho square fool, and is just per- ieptlble.

1t is evident that with a little nggflulty. one could construct a ilnd-guage from the foregoing 551.9,, A piece of material une foot yquare. weighing 0.02 lbs.. and sus- pended freely from a cross-wire. would not be forced out of the perpendicular till the wind exceed- sd 2 mph. By adding weight ac- rordlng to the data following, one could get the approximate veloc- ities in the some way. A rough and ready way, perhaps. but in- axpenslve. and within the reach of everybody.

A gentle breeze travels at the rats of 5 m.p.h,. and has a press- ure of 0.123 lb. on the sq. foot. Ten miles per hour is a brisk wind exerting n pressure of 0.492 lb. on rho sq. foot: twice the speed and 4 times the pressure of the breeze.

Twenty to twenty-five m.p.h. are reckoned “very brisk winds" with pressures varying from 1.06" to 3.075 lbs. to thessq. foot.

A "high trind" moves at 35 m. p. IL, with a pressure of 6.027 lbs.: while a "very high wind" reaches t5 m.p.h.. and n pressure of 9.963 lbs. on the sq. ft.

Now matters are getting really dangerous as the wind hits 50 m. p h., and the pressure rlsrs to l2'.l00 lbs: this is a “storm? Such s. storm hit the Island on Feb. l9th,t1920. Between B and 9

Treating Horses For Worms And Bots

(Experimental Flflfll News)

Although the treatment of horses for worn-is and bots is recommend- ed u good fall and springpractice. often the effects of an infestation of those parasites ls most appar- ent in mid-winter. Their presence ls not easy to detect. but if ahorse ls receiving care and good feed and continues to be unthrlfty or to lose weight. it is quite possible that internal parasites are the cause. Examination of the manure often gives evidence of worms or bots.

The treatment is relatively sim- pie. says J. G. Sothart, Division of Animal Husbandry. Central Exper- imental Farm, Ottawa. but the most commonly used drug. carbon disulphide, can be dangerous ln in- experienced hands and should only be administered by a. qualified vet- orinarian. It ls effective against both bots and large round worms. The recommended dose is one and I. half fluid drums (six cubic cen- timeters) of carbon disulphide per I50 pounds weight. which can be given either in capsule form or by stomach tube. after fasting tho horse for 18 hours. A single dose ls most effective, but with old. rundown horses and young foals the dou can be divided into two or three parts and given at one hour intervals. This has the ad- vantage that the treatment can be stopped if ill effects are noted. The horse should be starved for anoth- er three hours after treatment. No burgative should be given after the oerbon disulphide.

aggeratlon but the storm was bad enough. Plate glass windows were blo_wn ln. many roofs blown off. many barns blown down, and cot- tle killed. “This night the con- creto hotel (MacCallurnb) at Brackley Beach was unroofed." A great storm travels at 60 m.p.h., with a pressure of 17.115 lbs. Though we occasionally grumble at our own climate. we are lucky enough to live far away from the hurricane regions, There the hurricane rages at 80 m.p.h., with a pressure of 31.49 lbs.; and in- creasing stlll. may reach 100 m. p. h.. which gives it a pressure of 4&2 lbs. on the square foot, suf-

ficient to tear up the biggest trees and to throw them about like match-sticks! That is the

achievement of the "Great Hurri- cane." The American Woodcock

'l‘hls is a. well-known game bird, and is stated to be abund- ant here. Several specimens, for identification, have reached me: the last having been found dead at Oyster Bed Bridge. Dec. 6. 1046. As the habits. etc.. of the Woodcock have been treated of several times in this column. here is its description only:--

American ‘floodcock. AOU. 228. Summer resident. Crown and back of head black. with a few light brown cross-bars. Bill very long (2.5 inches) and tapering. Eyes very large. situated near the top of the head. A blackish line runs from the base of the bill to the eye. The upper parts, (the back. wings. and stubby tail) are mottled in a small pattern of black, gray. and brown, the tail having a. very few white feathers Just showing. Undcrparls. from the throat down- ward, a n-orm cinnamon color. (Closely examined, the breast- feathers are partl-colored. black and cinnamon. the latter con- spicuous, the former hidden). The under surface of the wings is pinnnmon and silver-gray in equal areas, Length of bird about ll inches. Scottish Life and Character (l)

At the present day there ls s fashion of representing the Scot as a penny-pinching individual with a comic background. This has grown to be a "tradition" though it ls difficult to see why. About 50 per cent of the people of Newcastle on Tyne were Scots and there were many in the district where f was reared. I noticed that they were a thrifty (though not miserly) people, who responded to charitable appeals much ss we do. The story of ‘the comic. close- flsted Scot. is said to be the In- vention of the Scots themselves. as a source of amusement.

Going back to ancient history one can readily credit the Scot with a valor that made him a worthy foe. It is significant that his weapons were the sword and the spear. both used In hand-to- hand combat. The English. who had felt the effect of the Norman bow at Hastings, adopted it as an instrument of wsr. After the fight at Bannoekburn where the Scots inflicted a major defeat on the English. the latter practised archery most assiduously. .The Scots later nald dearly for their neglect of this weapon.

‘This week's Notes were to be devoted to Scottish proverbs - a somewhat extensive subject, since one! writer has collected 8.000 of such adages. "The use of pro- verbs in conversation, is now considered vulgar." mourns Dean Ramsey. Lord Chesterfield, he says. denounced the practice of

IIINA FED ELOCKS

Signed: JAMES YEO

quoting proverbs as a palpable violation of all polite refinement. Notwithstanding all this. the worthy Dean found the national proverbial expressions full of character and of truths expressed forcibly. wisely and gracefully. There is a. set of Scottish pro- verbs which rcfer to the Dell (devil) and his agency in the .world. Though lightly made, sucl references are not deliberately profane. Such are the following: "He should hae a iang shafted spune thavsupis Kali wl‘ the dell." Meaning that he who deals with cunning and unscrupulous men must take extra care. The Eng- lish version is terse-“Who supa with the devil, needs a long BDOO ."

“The deil‘s nae sac ill as he's filmed." 1.e., called (“not as black as he's painted." says the Sassen-

ach). Sir Walter Scott uses this proverb in "Guy Mannerlng" to show that Gilbert Glossln had some rederming qualities.

"The dell's balrns hae deilfis luck" was spoken envlously (‘l’) when ill people prospered.

An ancient Scottish lady of

noble family used to recommend courtesy to all. in these quaint words-“Its aye gude to be ceevil. as the aulcl wife said when she beckit (curtsled) to the deevll."

"Itls a sin to lee on the dell." Even of the worst people, truth at least should be spoken.

An old lady, talking of her grand- daughter who, she considered. had made n poor match, said pithlly: "She looklt at the moon and lichtit in the middcn!” (fell in the manure-heap. lo put it ele- gantly).

your aln sea niaws." A proverb of Sir Walter Scott when he meant to express the policy of considering homo interests first. "Sea man's“ means sea-men's. i.e., gulls.

"Who will bell the cat?" The reference ls to the fable of the mice who proposed to put a bell on. the cat's neck that they might be apprised of its coming. Its historical application is well known. The Scottish nobles pro- posed to go to Stirling to take Cochrane, favorite of James III and hang him. Lord Gray asked: It's weel said, but who'll bell the cat?" The Earl of Angus accept- ed the challenge, and effected the object. l-le was called Archibald Bell-the-Cat to his dying nay.

“Ye land it Whaur the high- land man fand the tongs," that ls at the fire-side (Tongs, poker, coal-rake and shovel, usually of brass. stood st every fireside). The proverb was a rap at the north- ern neighbors who occasionally took (stole) from the Lowlands something "that was never lost." "Ye hae tint (lost) the tonllle o’ the trump.” The trump ls the Jow's harp. To lose the tongue of it is to lose what is essential to its sound.

Nature Notes

f saw a; reference to the Pinon planter. in The Guardian the other day. 1 was not familiar with this tree. but Rhindfil “Vege- table Kingdom" (1865) furnished a short descriptive paragraph. which ls worth repeating. "The Cluster Pine (P. pinnter) is a grand-and picturesque tree: and la o treat favorite with the Roman and Italian painters. The timber is of less value than that of the other pines; in Switzerland it is out into shingles for roofing houses, etc. As an ornamental tree it is well deserving o1 cul-

ture." Tennyson once wrote of Nature —"So careful of the type she

seems, so careless of the single life." There is a Scotch Pine (P. sylvestria) in the lane here, which has produced thousands of seeds

"Keep your nin fish guts to favorite

the present season has been the moot favourable for mating for a long. long time. The reason is ob- vlous to old-tlmers-onow and cold weather. We can remember in our earliest days of ranching when the old-fashioned winters of ‘21. '22 and '28 brought similar snow storms and cold weather, we had great turnouts in the spring. in our first year ranching with 12 pairs of young foxes we had 44 pups and we can remember the grenl; turnouts that George Call- beck would have at the Willow Hill. The,snow and cold mean activity for the foxes and they de- light in tearing. around through the drifts and burrowing under- ground. snow also has the advan- tage that when it packs around the fox houses it seals off the very cold sir and litters born in March .Lhd April have a very much better chance 'of survival the! when there is bare ground or small snowfall.

Of course it is not so convenient for those who practice polygam- oua mating exclusively but in our ranch we have some 84 males mated up with two females and the balance of the females are mated polygamously. The pros and oons of polygamous mating have been debated or rather written about in various fur journals and no doubt there is a great deal to be said on both sides of the ques- tion, that is whether it is better to use polygamous mating or pair matings, male and female. Fromm Bros. whose ranches cover miles and whose pens are 50 x 50 use the pair method and theyhave the largest average production of any fox farm in the world. Of course part of this average is realized by retaining females and males from large litters.

Fromms could not practice poiygamous mating unless they changed their method of ranching because it would be inconvenient and laborious, but no doubt they practice it to some small extent where they wish to use theser- flees of some extra special speci- ment male with more than one female in a season. We have care- fully read over Bright With Silver. which is the story of the Fromms from boyhood days when they con- ceived the idea of fox farming. until they had reached the pin- nacle a few years ago. Their trials and tribulations were many but the grim determination and study they put into their work even- tually brought them astouding success.

Our‘ system of using one male with two females, running them through a chute every other day. gives a fair percentage of success but not nearly es good as we would like. The reason we keep on with it is that it costs less for feed and you don't have to retain as many good males. The per- ccntege of failures with the poly- gsmaus method is also consider- able. Matings occur OK. but for some reason there is quite a large percentage of the females who do not have litters. Sometime ago everyone was using a test to de- termine the male‘: potency. That has more or less gone out of style -certainly with us—as we found that some males that had a Door tut gave good litters and from others with a good test there win no results. We had a conversation with Dr. Russell afthe O. W. Thompson Fur Farms a few years ago and he had exactly the same experience.

Using a male too often his first season we have found to be poor policy. A few years ago we had a mile. M-SOY. sired by a Norwegian platinum. He mated twelve fe- males and we had n large per- centage of platinums in the litters. we pelted nearly all of them and they brought splendid prices mar- keted through the Canadian Na- tional s.F.B.A. in Montreal- The next season we mated him to ten females and had only one litter. so we believe that your): ma!"

if you intend in keep them in the ranch for use another season.

The factors which we mention- ed first in these notea. namely. snow and cold weather, will mean o. large number of early litters. but early litters are not as liable to give good peltlng results as those that arrive between the first and tenth of April. They have l. tendency to go off-color before the skin is prime because of being highly fed through a longer number of months. Experi- ments were carried out at the Un- ited Statee Experimental Station at Saratoga. N. Y.. and it was found that foxes that were born from the first to the tenth of April realized more for their pelts than those born at earlier datel and this has been our own experi- ence over a long period of years. However. the rancher hasn't got much choice in the matter and must use his females and males when nature dictates.

For the purpose of securing matings from foxes that have no disposition that way Hormones are sometimes used. The liquid is injected into the fleshy part of the hind leg using about 1-3 to l-Z the quantity for a male human and repeating in two days. We have tried it and think we got some results but are not quite sure. Other remedies such as Nwc Vomica are helpful but must be administered with care, and some ranchers pin their faith on Yo- hlmbine which is the alkaloid or active substance of a plant drug very popular among the Zulus. We have satisfactory results 'with it in a few cases but ln recent years it was practically unobtainahle. Either Nux Vomica or Yohlniblne must be used with care and on the advice of some one who has a knowledge of drugs. Of course there is not the disposition now to go to the trouble and expense to secure matings that there was a few years ago when foxes brought high prices If well bred and good individuals. However the trend of the times seem to be changing. at least to some extent, and long-haired furs are being sold in larger quantities and of course at increased prices.

The recent market in Montreal demonstrated this fact. While it was nothing to get excited about -a 817 average and an 85 P" cent sellout-wet compared with the ptembe auction o! 1941 it was almost 50 per cent better. similarly auctions in Oslo, Nor- way, have been sellouts for silver fox and the American’ National Fox Breeders’ Association report enthusiastically of their last ven- due. Should the silver fox crop of 1947 be sold out this year the crop of 1948 to be marketed in 1949 will not be much more than one- half and that will make 1t w much easier to dlmose of them.

In a recent brief presented to the senate of the United States by American fox ranchers they stated that tho reduction in fox ranches prior to the war and as on January 1st. 1947, showed the alarming rate of liquidation of from 3,000 t0 1,280. We think the cut-down in Canada will be be- tween 4o and 50 per cent as every day we hear of some rancher go- Ing out o! business who has been s standby in the game for many yers. This is distressing to soy the least.

Women's Wear Daily rcportirl! the Canadian Fur Auction which took place in Montreal last week. states that New York dealers bought moderately all Platinum and“ white faced mutations select- ed and some standard full silvers. British and European source! W011 credited with buying one-half and three-quarter silvers some o! which also went to American and Canadian dealers. The followinfi are the prices as released by the Canadian National Silver Fox Breeders’ Association Fur Market- ing Department, Bummerslde,

7 EIISTDII STREET

soil is of vLtal importance and farmers should study the require- ments of the soil for lime, nitrogen. phosphorus and potash. The lime requirements for the ideal growth of most crops ls known, but each soil presents L11 individual problem sincg soils vary greatly in their lime requirement, It is (astfmated that about B0 per cent of the tillable land in the Eastern Town- ships is acid, and requires liming for maximum crop production. Soil tests for acidity are made free bg agricultural representatives or a. [he nearest Dominion Experi- mental Farm. .

Nitrogen is essential for Lho do- velopment of rapid growth. and on abundance of follagfi. Soils lose nitrogen very rapidly through crop removal, and leaching due to heavy rainfall, which must be re- placed through legume crops. manures, and nitrogen carrying fertilizers. Phosphorus is one of the principal plan-t foods. and 10w crop production is more frequently due to lack of phosphorus than to any other element. Phosphorus starved plants tend to have a stunt- ed root system which decreases their feeding none and lessens conditions. Prosphorus is re- quired for productive pastures, which are the mainstay of the dairy industry. It is important lo main-

tain potash in all soils zmd especially in lighter soils, which

l PIIIIIDE EDWARD

PIITRDIIIZE IIDIIE

e

e

O0 O O00 iflOQsQ-OQOOAQ FOrO-OO-OfOQ-OQQOQ O-QVOQ-Q F9§O+O$§4

IRAPIAS _for Lifetime, Durable Beauty...

This wise little parker builds only with iIio best. He knows these lightweight iIIes are speedily installed; need no extra wall reinforcement . . . ihal no pmounl of cleaning dlms their moulded-in colors . . . iliai the solid plastic will not chip. crock or peel. And with ‘I6 glowing color choices, how easy to tile kitchen and bathroom wells in period harmony with

the §_l

their ability to withstand adverse.

BUY

. CHICKS

Shock and, if of equal quality

Breeder flocks under official Government supervision.

Hotchobiiity which, to a certain extent, determines livdbiIity-JZW/b, second highesi in Conado and above average for Canodo.

Morrolirv rote one of lowest in Canada.

From official figures, P. E. I. produces the “highest percentage to) grade dressed poultry.

AVAILABLE NOW

n. MacMILLAN

PIIDIIE 1098-L

l . soils ln s. high state of fertility, by using chemical fertilizers In nddlton to manure. can expect: larger and better quality grain and hay crops. as well as pastures thlb maintain their will carry more animals pe-r acre.

Anririouiwioifiirrmno Z

The Central Artificial Unit is now located of the Experi- mental Farm and the NEW PHONE NUMBER IS I630. CoIIs will be received up lo I P.M. for service the some doy.

have a. tendency to lose potash as well as other nu-trients very rapidly. An adequate supply of. potash adds to the general tone and vigour of plants.

Farmers who