.11.. . “~4- '

p. IPoultry-Poultry

PAGE SIIL _

YOU CAN STILL PURCHASI-

SANADA SAVIIISS BBIIIS

From

F. J. BIIEIIAI 8i GDIIPAIIY LTD.

E. M. BAGNALL-Mnn

III!‘ 14B Richmond St.- Charlottetown Tclcpholw 1410

nuvertising Rates ilayalile in Advance

Minimum Charge For Any Awe-filament 25 Cont; Central Guardian locals 5c per word; Western and Eastern locals 2o per word; Annuunccinenla and Coming Everlrtl Sc per word; Classified 3c per word; In Memoriam Notice: 84c per inch; Lists of l-‘icaal and spiritual Offerings, bards, etc, 5o per nune; Let» torn of Condolence 84c per inch; Wedding Engagements, 40 words for $1.00 and l0 cents for every additional 3 words. Notices of Thinks and Appreciation 84c per Inch or 5c per word; Lists of Subscriptions, 49 cents per inch; Address and rresontation $1.00. Other rates on application.

r or bale , Miscellaneous

__________.i-i-— I mim- FOII SALE — 1950 FORD COUPE. JOIINSTONS LADIES’ WEAR. Apply tjapilal uarage. syonry Latest skirt-i. dresses, etc.

s““_"____._,,,,__.. .. 4 You've mum THE BEST. now FOR SALE - l0 CORDS SPLIT, try MacCallum for Painting and hardwood. Apply James Flood,‘ Paper Hanging. Hhne 2219-J.

South Melville. ~

____ __________ ___ | d . - -

FOR SALE-BICYCLE: PERFECT L 5t‘ round’ ‘strayed condition. Price Slain). Phone LOST _ OCTOBER Sh‘. 2179-1... l

"*4, “J " . . I Wharf. Finder lease notlly

roiz s..i.i=. - 1934 honor: sauna. T P J‘ Laymu Jones R R} l. Char: he J. P. Porter Co, Ltd. Reward.

lotteto r. ‘srnavno - mvoM BREMLSTSS *"';" T” ” m” ’ red year old ox. Please notify '3!‘ .22..“;.‘.”.‘.%..'3 95:2. 22:15:? M.» Ho.» m...

Apply '75 Ambrose St; between’ ESCAPEI) FROM RANCH. LIGHT

12 and l. and 4 and o. , Iplattniim ma]; pill). Reward. Doug. F511 SALE _ on ‘ ournolon‘ “y”

i l ‘ .\v".1~ ' l-'

5533335132.; Female Help wanted yo“ SALE __ FINE QUALITY 11x. WAITRESS WANTED. APPLY AT

tension dining room table. Apply Once. Harry's Lunch.

1°‘ Bil-Wm’ we“ P‘“°“° mih MAID WANTED - MRS. PATEB-

____-i-—-i-— p9]; [A1,]; ._ 551E111‘ Box son, 54 Orlebar Street.

shocks and oyster box shooks. E.‘ " .. t . MRS. E. Sharbcli. Suunmcrsxie, P. E. l. 5' P. Pam 2 water strewn

- I. 11-‘ ‘m mom. Carleton. l Male Help Wanted

IO]! SALE — I984 FORD V l, M! WANTED -- MESSAGE BOY. AP-

ton truck. Four new tires. Good‘ ply Guam“

running order. Apply to Bernard MacGillvary, Cardigan. WANTED AT ONCE, YOUNG man for farm work. A 1 FOB SALE _ 2o NEW IIAMP- cm,“ 3mm, m, RwmyPpy Sh“ Red Pullgts, 51,4 months old.

To Let

Mn. Ira Rodd. North Milton. 7°“ “LE “' "57 PLYMOUTEI r-‘os BENT - 01m FURNISHED i heated room. Apply 49 Upper | Hillsbom.

GREY life boat and oars from Railway

Coadl, De Luxe. Good motor aln tires. 291 Kent Street. bflwwfl

5-7. I ' "" WWW s" _ E Eyco_rox.irr-rnrronmsixiinnoou (glen ygars fuslwfreshened.‘ with fl-"Pmm Apply "M? ca" Om; four year old Holstein. to G“““”““- freshen soon. Also it ton Scales. 1.0 LET_m.D_slTTmG ‘DOM mt‘ and kitchenette. Also one, “n! M, LOAD pngv. housekeeping room Apply 59' DEL: Also f. kinds zi-uclrinc-i unlwmh A"- I l 212 s dn . Phone 1259-LJ . ‘m’ L__y_fy________ Machinery I03 SALE -— COMPLETE QYRAY" in; Outfit. Compressor and an sans; - DIESEL nurmnoz-l Tank. ' 1 H. P. Mow. New era also Road Building and. pressure ' regulator. Moisture Construction Equipment of every; cup and gun. Also 20 feet of hoet- kind. You would honor us by! 33 Valley Street, between 6-8. writing. Duke Equipment Com-

pany, 29’! Duke Si’... Montreal. ' INTERNA- f Inl FARMABE: ABE SFIIPPEB 0F- Hay and Mixed Feeds. Buyer of,‘ Potatoes: Lcs Provisions. | Mauricio Enrg, Three Revers,

IOR SALE - 104s tlonal ton truck. Good tires- exceilent rimming order. Apply W. Waterworth, Phon l5. M!!!» “8119- ____i___i_

SALE -- SIXTEEN GOODi

I08 breeding ewes. Write P. O. Boxi

451. -——-—-:———-—-* WANTED - TWO UNFUBNISBED m“ “u! - QUDSON an“! rooms Outside city limits prefer-

‘ifppif; 1;‘, °’§;°flff‘ 5231:; red. Write Box m4. Guardian. sum. iwan-rrn-ooon SMART nor. . APP“ WWW Baker!’-

In good cwditiofl- M190’ Em wan-ran - our norruis. Lowther, Crapaud. Phone 1107-2 Michael Bron IOR SALE-THREE VALUABLE WANTED-BASE BURNER N0. II.

fnmis with buildings. Apply to Phone 1572-2.

McLean 8a McKinnon. Solicitors. W'ANTED“ " “" "" Royal Bank Building. (Lharlotte- Phone 22w. M

TOWII. Help Wanted

Ion SALE _. IKlDiUISE Ag: 1:03; l i P ii ae. ee m? Me o‘ n “Iipply Box No.185. WANTED-A CAPABLE HOUSE- keeper for family of threg.

quick sale. Phone 528. c

Wanted

care Guardian. __ roii SALE: m: m YEAR 01-0 blood mare, one bike sulkY and P9139113} Hall lhresher and clear-tr. in D6!’- fect condition. Ivan Hill, Frederlc- HYGIENIO SUPPLIES (RUBBER ‘on’ goods) mailed nostosid in olnin. __-- -+— “Bled engooo with iii-locust s ALE-Gil PULLETS. NEW ‘B88108! : 24 samples $1.00! Iggmishire Reds. Apply to Gor- fill-Order Den- B8. Nov-Rub

l C . don Taylw‘ cumbeflnrmL a H LI o Box 91 Hamilton. Ontj

POULTRY

white cedar grain, Maclnlmh Apples, Will trade 1030 Ford Sedan for ‘.5 ton or M Lon late’ model truck. APPiY J- C~ Stewart- Mnlpeqlle Rn '.. _____ m I611 BALI - BY risiuinn. In daily at our Ilerlaingtcn thoroughbred Stallion. tsc. ~.vi- plane. I-Ilghggg m", on“, vesterl. Born in Kin: Genre" Ihlppcu h yo." “an” "b Stable. England. lmiwrted ‘to tlon prepaid "d, m! Canada by the Toronto Riding n,“ Club All papers and enrollment.’ J l‘ WADMAN complete. I would like to also msntion this horse grade A-I thisI year Mail Tenders to L. Essen‘! Jr Son. Union Road on or before‘ November 20th.

INDIAN BELTS

i I i I lIiir live anll arc-g “i. I

Easu Breathing

lfegiliolaium flLIICNIY rc-

evei stuffy nostril: . . . clcizll head I on breuhepfrcyeiy ' again. Jar: niooirsr DIAMOND i-nooucirii """"°"5°=- l V-ll

_ ‘ ..._ .{..°'é.’.‘.°..3‘l‘..‘“..”.'.t"ii. ‘filial KQENIUQQgfiDUM diamond producer in the world. ’ ‘ W"

Yucatan Indians weave cere- monial belts and fringed ornaments mm the cocoons of the giant Jsilk" moths of the Americans.

Mining

lCanadlan Prue) TORDNPO, Nov. 7-

Sales Stock

1400 Am Lard 2000 Am Yell 550 Ang I-lur . 24000 Aqua: 2400 Armls .. 12500 Arnt 3500 Ashley 4.200 Astoria .. 23180 Athena 8500 Aubelie . 15400 Aumaq 2000 Aunor 20 Bk N S 13200 Beaulieu 4600 Bear . 1500 Bevco 1500 Bidgood . 3040 Benet .. 13000 Bonvil 4000 Boycon

400 Buff Ank i500 Buff Cdn 3000 Buff R1 i300 Cal Edm .

20 Bk Com

250 C Brew

100 Carib

300 Chestv

16000 Citral ..

600 Cccheno 2000 Coiomac _ . 1200 Con Beattle . 7708 Du W .. ..

535 Con Smelt

500 Cresbau 54300 Denisori . 2000 Darngon i000 Dickerl 9300 Div Int

280 Dome . 38200 Delta 44250 Donalda 2100 Duques 9000 Duvny 1500 E Crest 2400 E Mai 7800 E Sulliv 3150 Eider .. ‘I600 Eldona 45500 El Sol

825 Falcon 15150 Fed Kirk

900 Frobish 2315 Giant 2500 God L . 2300 Go Crest 5500 G Eag . 9211 Go Hawk 4000 Go Gate 1600 Go Man 2800 Goldvue 2000 Hard R. . 2000 II-arker 9500 Harrie .

400 Hssaga

9500 Homest

8100 Hosco 142400 Highridge

3503 Howey

25-5 I-Iud Bay I155 Int Nick . 1500 Int Uran 4500 Jacknl . . 4100 Jason 2400 Joliet 540 Kerr Add I600 Kirk L .

100 Lahrad .. . 4000 I. Fortune .

200 L Shore ..

23000 Lapaska 3200 Lexin 52600 Lingman . 1700 Lit LL .

17500 Louvic . 2500 Lunward . 3000 Lynx .

100 Macassa . 3100 MacDonalda 1200 MacLeod

950 Madsen 1800 Magnet I700 Malaria 2300 Marcus 4900 Marlon

720 Macfie .. .

60 McIntyre 2000 McKenzie 4715 McMtar .

500 Mng Corp 11100 Mylam 3000 Masher

600 Negus 4000 New Bidla 2000 New North 5500 Nib .

405 Noranda i500 Norben 3400 Normet £190 Norse 2000 N Inca . 1000 Northla 3500 OBrien 2500 Okiiita . 2000 OI-ciiry . 8050 Oriac 34950 Osu 2667 Pacaita

100 Pamour 3500 Pammaq

128500 Pen Rey .

200 Perron

200 ‘Pick Cr

410 Pioneer 1500 Pore Pen 2100 Premier

900 Preston 10000 Purdy 2500 Que Man

220 Quemont 55000 Regcrt . 4100 Richmnc 2500 Rochette 7000 Rouyn .. .

175 Roy Bk M400 Rush

100 San Ant I000 Hanoi-m

5.2-4.

lIiI-OIQM

2271-‘

v A MONTH POI A $100 LOAN

|’r\\i\ ill \\.i\i|<| \|

Abitibi ....... .. ' Asbestos .

Can Cement Can Pacific Celanese .. . Can Car Foundry . Can Cai- Pfd Can Steamship: .. Cockshutt . Can Vickers Dom Bridge .. Dom Coal Pfd Don A Dist Sea; .. Dom Steel B Dryden . .. Fraser . . Ford A . .. Founda Co

Gen Steel Ware: . How Smith Ham Bridge

Hir Walker

Can Ind Al Int Nickel . Imp Oil

Int Pete ..

Int Power

Imp Tob ..

B C Power . Con Smelt .. Lake Woods Mti Power . .. Massey Harris .. McColl Front Nht Steel Car Can Nor Pfd .. Noranda Price Com . Que Power . Shawinigan .

St Law

St Law Pfd Dom Textile Dom Tar . Wpg Elec A Steel of Can Brazilian

bdp-lndhlu-A ‘L: I r I NW®N

I

ANNOUNCEMENT onion-roll nanur

Having sold on October 3M my entire business lo my brother‘

Harold, who has been employed

and to Wilbert A. Sounders, u returned soldier, employed for

the past your. I wish to thank

ducevs for their kind support in

the support of my successors.

All my overdue bills are lo previously done.

Dated November 7th, i946.

with ma for the post 2 I-2 years,

my many customers and milk pm- tha port yum, and bcapeuk for’

be paid to the Brighton Dairy us=

L-ESTER M. IEATON. W°°PSMFN=

rnonucr:

(By The Canadian Press)

MONTREAL, NOV. '1 — Produgg Prices quoted here today reported by the Dominion Department of Agriculture follow:

Elms: Free cases A-lai-ge. 50%; A-mediiim. 4811.»; A-pulict, 4.5 to 45%; B. 44 to 45%; o, as to 3g

Butter: Wholesale, Que. p351- etirized. fresh and storage No. 1, 40%; current receipt Que. No. 1

I, pasteurized. 30%. delivered Mont-

real; No. 2. 38%, dei. Montreal; first grade creamery prints, job price 42; solids 4.1. '

Cheese: Western and Que.: cur- rent receipt. FOB factory, colored 22 1/16. while 22; wholesale col- ored 22 13/16 to N 1/16; white 22% to 23. .

Potatoes: '75 lb. bags Que, I. 2.1. and N. n, 1.20 to 1.5..

Papers And Banks Show Improvement

MONTREAL. Nov. 7 - (GP) — Recovery signs were apparent af- ter yesterday's easiqr trends in trading today on the stod: ox. change and curb market. Papers were higher on average at the bell and Banks were alno improved. In the balance of transfers, Indust. rials were down and Utilities un- changed.

Papers staged a false start on their upswing iii early transactions. fell back and then s-tarwd up again. International, Price and Consolid- ated converted losses into gains. Always higher were 13.0. Pulp. Abi- tlbi Preferred. Powell. flbebec Pulp Preferred, H. Smith arid Iath_ iii-st. “B". Off were Donnacona. Fraser, M. dc 0.. St, Lawrence Piper Prefercd. Dryden and Brown. Abitibi Common was up tempo arlly.

In Industrial-s, winners were A1- goma. E. Steel, Dosco, Electrolux. H. Bridge, N S Car, c Cai- “A" and Nuclear. Losers were Massey. B- Prodilfils. U. Steel, Ford, Aca- dia, C. Car Common, Gypsum. Cement Preferred. Marconi, Vick- ers Preferred and 1. Paints Pre- ferred. Dominion Textile and Bruck

New York

Anaconda

Am Car and F Beth Steel

N Y Central Ches Ohio Con Edison .

ir-ao

filgh7§fl .L

7”?“ IGRQQD

Great Nor Pfd Std Oil NJ Kennecott . Mont. Ward Nor Am .. Phil Pete U B Rubber . Radio Corp Texas Corp United Air Vanadium Air West Union .. West Eiec . U S Steel .

$6:

I I monmm

Quench-Au ww tin-b '

S2E$§3SESSSIK§QSSSEESSSSSZ u .-.- . . . @ 53%

BANKS Commerce .. Montreal Nova Scotla Royal Bank

88183 P-l A:

EYI ACCIDENT! Workers exposed to danger of fly- ing particles and other hazards are urged by the Department of Nat- ional Health and Welfare to wear safety Bfllllea. The Departmcit quotes statistics to show that 00 per cent of 0y, accidents in factor- ies were duo to flyinl Dlfliitlfll- F18- ures also show that 98 per cent ol all industrial eye accidents were preventable.

4087 Sherrltt

I500 Senator ..

B000 Silv Miller . ..

£00 Slicoc

1700 Stafiatt

5000 Bteeloy

2300 Bleep Ito

1500 Bud Con . B00 Sulliv ..

nu 5L

4200 Surf 1000 Sylvanlta 1M0 Teck H .... ..

Buying daily Live and

WANTED T0 RENT

w k . - ' .

2:32‘ ft-llil“ i’.':i'i.‘-"...~..t. ll?.'.lt'.'l".'§'".h'.'.';'.'.‘;..°-'..‘£’.2"§. °.:;.'.'.':.'..":'.'::.' "f": "mull "I'm t9 his family, or would allure a hem or apartment lo do llglll Inne- flllillrltll llalll. keeping. Any person interested in helping this returned man klnl-

IAGTBRN PACKING co _zIconfiIi$‘Frank l. Clarke If his office, telephone 111, av , . some "'

d: , ~

17M ‘Thom Lund .

I100 ‘rhurboln .. 2200 Towag ..

2411 Trans Ru

i000 Unit Oil 1500 Upp Gin 108 Venturfil

7000 Vlllbo

H00 Waite

$00 Wash

. 0N0 Wokna

1400 Wart Ila

4500 Wlltiey

M0 Winora .

fisassaéa§§s§=:e§§=§s§=as==E

Exchange t l

fimed in Textiles and Celanese was easier. C. Bros/cries switched from loss to gain territory in beverages and Seagi-ams and Alec "B" wore ahead and Alco "A" lagged. Brazilian moved from the losers‘

[to the winners’ column in Utilities

and Bell was stronger, Winnipeg Electric did not hold g lift and Montreal Power and Shawinigan backed up. Commerce and Nova Sootia were harder in Banks and Royal recovered from a stumble. C PR. wiped out a deficit in Car- riers and P. Transport fell back.

11.8. Mining mac-ted with a rise to the company's announcement of the highest year's dividend in its history and in other metals Alum- inium was improved otter opBfllnB lower. Alcoa Preferred pushed up and Nickel slipped. Petroleum ad- vanced in refineries and McCall and B.A. were in arrears.

Among junior mines, which have turned irregular after rumors of deflation of the Canadian dollar failed to secure confirmation, on the upside wens B/ullivan, Gold- beam, Lingmaii, wuvioourt, Pen RAY. C. (Xdiilac and some. OI! were MacDonald, Donulda. Elder. Santiago, El Sol. Fiorrriaque, Gold- vue and I-leva.

Improved ln miscellaneous were C. Bread. Catelli and Silk. Weaker were Argus, Paul. Famous Players, ‘robocco. Lake of the Woods, Chem- icals and Weston.

‘Pi-riding box score: Total sales: 180,800 shares; mines, 140.800; in- dustrials. 40.500; stocks higher 54; lower b3; unchanged o1; new highs 2; new lows 4.

Anti-Inflation

at present in

llalf-hoartoilllecovery 0n llew York hiarket

By VICTOR EUBANK Associated Press Financial Writer

NEW YORK, Nov. ‘l-Rails led u more or less half-hearted I90DF| cry in today's stock market with selected steels, motors, utilities and industrials participating.

Led by McIntyre's one-point gain. Canadian stocks climbed upward. Canadian Pacific was up} i-2. Dome Mines as and 0.5m»! crs Scagram 5-8. Hiram Walker; down 1-4. was an exception. On the curb Lake Shore and Giant Yellowknife were unbhangcd.

Sarita Fe added 1% at so. Southern Railway 1% at 39%.! Southam Pacific 1% at 44%;. Chesapeake d: Ohio. 1% at 52%;’

RADIO MECHANIC: A IOOIT R1010 Rlplll shu

COOK: A-n experienced cook h .

"-90 P" d". ‘I days a week. CARPENTERS:

contractors in Charlottetown. 70c per hour. '

FARM LABOURERS:

Dairy farml. Wages no from

u. s. Steel. 1% n 11%; Chrysler, “mm” °" ‘""'"'°'“°""

1 at 82%: Public Service of N. J. 1% at 21%; U. S. Rubber, 2% at 58% (on a pleasing extra). Ahead were Bethlehem. Youngs- town Sheet. General Motors, Goodyear, International Harvest~ er. American ilelophone. North American, EiectricPower 8e Light. Columbia Gas. Kcnnecott. Air! Reduction. General Electric. Elast- man Kodak. Phllin Morris. N. Y. I

National Employment Office, lnttetnvvn, 1'. E. I.

central, Great Northern. North- ern Pacific, Socony. Texas 00.. Distillers Corp. Paramount Pic- tures. International Telephone. and Liggetts Br Myers "B". On the offside were

Humphrey Mitchell MINISTER 01* LABOUR

u‘ flfaveMyou had prevlou ex u I: um r woods? If . llm Id utely regardig preaane Swizz‘ 1;‘ figllglrseuisnrs:

35 P" fill lIlI-l board. ‘llhls work in mo" care: will iaat at least ll months.

fies of n‘: experienced Radio laps '7 W" llreer -1l.. C. A. . who attained his “:3 gaping whllb lviylrtellzusgvelflcblnlc

Vacancies are still listed foi- experienced farm labours era. Sumo of the orders call for men experienced on

Applicants for the above petitions should apply to the

Iakefflluefthclecdllfficeofliatloiial Enpleynclt Service. ll is than to am your needs, and thou of your humanity.

IOIAIIIOH LAIWI DEPARTMENT

lrcceltsaprlidletefiubcpportuitiosevilabh tirad- its m: llatieul lilleynut om».

l "b01111" in

II wlah to engage the so"- "1"" n Ilituibio

_ ' ’ immediately by gym

American Military Hospital, Goose Bay, Labrador. wflge

Experienced Carpenter: are utlll required by varlnir,

Wager offered are 60c to

$50 to S70 per month dc-

Il Grafton Street, Char-

A. Macllamara DEPUTY MINISTER

Aircraft. _ Aircraft. Woolworth. Western Un- ion “A". Westinghouse Electric. U. S. Gypsum. Baltimore 8a Ohio and Scheneley.

What stocks did:-

Advances Dcclineil Unchanged “"1 155"" FURNITURE AT THE measure to simniily industrial arb- itration and expedite settlement of disputes. _

On the strength of c constitu- tional referendum held with the

ed federal powers ove: social ser- vices. a wide program of free med- ical assistance was promised.

The plan is intended to cover all details of medical

mg of:—

cial service fields not yet touched by the government are to be sur- (Sanity),

A proposal to negotiate reciproc-

Program ls Outlined

Ily WILLIAM SIIWAIIT (Canadian Prone Staff Writer) cairamiaa, Nov. a _. (op

Oable)~— A program designed by the ic-eleoted Labor government to prevent infla n

social services and

merit of industrial ‘conflict 1m outlined today ‘at the opening of Australia's 10th parliament.

The speech from the throne read by the Duke of Oloucnler. whose ting: s! ‘offing-general concludes l I I" wit‘. PNIIMM a schedule of "economic balance‘ letillation for the now . dut- nry union and reef tho government's pout-war

ity in social services with other parts of the Empire was mentioned in the speech.

As outlined in the speech. All-l- ti-aliirs defence policy would be based 0n commitment to the Un- ited Nations. co-operalion in the

boots, dishes, pols, 9on8. l"-

United States with which the Com- monweslth would arranllt 101' l joint use of rinses

n the new House. the Labor

“W "Y "m" FOR SALE Chifley has 43 members compared

Wm; 4g in mo up. parliament. The . Liberals have 1B. an increase of three and the country Party 11- a" 1mm“; o; one, Then are two new IndependentdLabor cihreibers and one Indepen ent mem l‘ renting the Australian northern Avenue and Douglas Strut tcrriwry- being 61-63 Elm Avenue and 84 Douglas Si. This property is situated in u good locality.

For particulars apply:

_.i._

AUTOMATIC PHONOGRAPHS

FOR SALE

New and used, oil makes an models, r

WURLITZER, SEEBURG-ROCK- OLA and A. M. I. MUSIC '

n Norice

Apply to IOX NO. I03, GUARDIAN Effective Friday, Nov. lili office will be located ot

FARM FUR SALE AT MILTON ’ mourn HOTEL for winter months.

Consisting of 75 0cm, 50 "W" q, 5.9." DR. J. I. DOWNING, M.D.

THE EASTERN TRUST. COMPANY ' I54 Richmond Street

acm in high stoic of cultiva- tion, l0 0cm permanent pur- lun, balance under wood and lumber, conveniently watered with brook running along north end and weal side.

I ildl t , . _ It """ n osr ics A ‘cal-molly. IIINIIO‘ i4 f s ' Fallen “FOR” ‘ghazredltotm: m‘ F‘ w’ TmMAuH

mum a: n. . m i f"! fir in" unwind-u with T» ‘onflfllgncfortgkl

Douglas 5”" “°”“°"' “m” Auction Sale

OF MODERN AND FRACTICALLY NEW HOUSEHOLD

' land ulna to pffiifihlllflltlilfl. - A H |N':|Q|II_-M“NQ|LL

moo Temiak whtal um MIMI-

wum“ or wlilml crop and mtk. iirlau. intcnu rater and