Gz 4

‘ Federal Expenditures

| The main estimates for the coming fiscal year, tabled in the House of -

‘Commons on Thursday, are consider- ‘ably higher than Finance Minister Flenting’s originaf forecast. On that ‘acore they will doubtless be sharply eriticised by the Opposition. Expend- itures have, indeed, reached such as- tronomical figures that is is difficult for the ordinary taxpayer to grasp their significance. What he does un-

derstand, however, is their import in\

either higher taxes or increased bor- owing. These are the alternatives ‘gaid to be facing the Diefenbaker ‘Government at the present time, and neither of them is very attractive.

_ It is important to note that the major expenditure boosts for the new year_are for the purpose of meet- ‘ing higher welfare costs, including increased federal charges under the ‘national hospital insurance scheme, ‘and higher debt charges arising out of increased rates and expansion of government borrowings. The Finance Minister maintains that in control- lable, non-statutory spending, there will be reduction of nearly forty mil- lion dollars. The CCF House leader, Mr. Hazen Argue, supports the in- ereased outlays for welfare and sug gests that Canadians would be wil- ling to support even greater costs for a “comprehensive national health program.” Neither is Mr. Pearson likely to oppose increased welfare spending, particularly for health in- surance. It will be recalled, however, that in his election campaign the Liberal leader had proposed drastic

day, would leave little room for ex- pansion of welfare schemes of any kind.

For this Province the Government plans generously for an expenditure of $11,000,000 during the year. The details, listed in yesterday’s Guard- fan, show that the appropriations are for needed public works and are in line with the pledges given by Conservative candidates during the election campaign. This is part of the Diefenbaker program for com- bating the recession. It is expectec that by the end of this year employ- “ment will be very close to a norma! proportion of the labor force, when the expansion program will taper off. While the recession has been less noticeable here than in the larger industrial centres, we have not been ‘bypassed for that reason. In addi- tion to providing extra employment. the new projects will be of pernian- ent value to the country.

Amazing Natural Museum The Galapagos Islands, that amazing natural museum. 600. miles off the coast of Ecuador in the Pac. ‘ffic where Charles Darwin discov- ered the “Age of Reptiles”, are about to become the site of the world’s first international biological station. The islands are Ecuadorean terri- tory and, just one century after Dar- win published “The Origin of Spec- jes” in November 1859. Ecuador has announced its decision to offer a gite on Indefatigable Island for a Darwin research station. Ecuador fis also classifying part of this island /a@s a reserve and is turning Nar- ‘borough Island, the most untouched of the group, into a wild-life sane- _tuary.

‘On Narborough, the Galapagos penguin and the flightless cormor. ant still thrive; (the flightless cor- morant, a very rare bird since the dodo and the great auk—two similar examples of fligthless birds—be came extinct long ago). The island also swarms with land iguanas and giant tortoises.

. The coastal regions of the Gala pagos are the home of the sea iguana, a 3-foot lizard which might have served as a model for the dra gons of mediaeval tales. All these strange species show no fear of man or other animals (they have no na tural enemies)—and that is why they are in danger of extinction. The first Europeans who visited these remote Pacific islands intro- duced cows, pigs and goats as a source of food. The goats and the pigs became wild, se the settlers

‘ , live very well on their pensioi

tax reductions which, if in effect to-.

It is believed that a Darwin Bio- slogical Station could serve a dual purpose. With the unique fauna of the Galapagos, it would be an ideal laboratory for biologists. Then, too,

teems with fish of all kinds. Seaway Tolls Again

_ An Ottawa dispatch quotes a Transport Department spokesman as saying that the Canadian and Un- ited States’ Governments have reached “common ground” on St. Lawrence Seaway tolls. Mr. B.J. Ro- berts, chairman of the Canadian Sea- way Authority, has recently been in Washington, negotiating the final de- tails. It isto be hoped that the for- mula arrived at will insure liquida- tion of the Seaway debt in 50 years, as originally planned, as well as a self-supporting rule fér the water- way. ~

Meanwhile, it is reported that some opposition to tolls may be ex- pected when the subject comes up in Parliament. The CCF Party is on record as opoosing the imposition of tolls ef any kind, anywhere on the route. Fortunately, the parlia-, mentary strength of the CCF is not great, so there is not much to worry about from that source. How- ever, there are powerful forces out- side Parliament trying to do away with tolls. The Province of Saskat- chewan has already expressed its opposition, on the ground that trans- portation of wheat to world markets should be made as cheap as possible Shipping interests in Upper Canada and the Great Lakes region can be expected to take a similar stand.

But, as we have said before in

these columns, the Seaway is bound to have an adverse affect on Maritdme ports any event. Without tolls, ports would

hardly be in any position at all to. compete with the Seaway. Mari-

time residents will expect their par

bamentary representatives to argue vigorously for tolls—and fairly high

ones.

EDITORIAL NOTES

A report from Torquay, Eng. says that the mysterious playing of an organ in the parish church is at- tributed to an organist who died

75 years ago. It’s time for him to—

retire.

* * *

An indication of the cost of the cold war is found in an Ottawa re-

port which says that this year the

Canadian Government will spend more money than was spent in 1943-44 at the height of the Second World War. Most of the increase is caused by defence and its auxiliary

requirements. * * ‘* Mr. John A. Macdonald, M.P.

or King’s, is‘ right in saying that “under present credit arrange ments, only those who are well set up in farming are able to obtain ad- ditional assistance”. Put another way, it means that, by and large, the farmers who can. obtain credit under the present plan are those who can get along without it.

* * *

Atlantic fish exporters are claim- ing, that. reports of inferior fish going to the West Indies market. are greatly exaggerated. That may be. The fact remains that West Indies importers are not satisfied with the quality of the products. As long as that situation exists, trade between the two areas is bound to be affect- ed adversely. Usually, importers don’t complain about quality, un- less there is some reason for it.

* *. *

Our fishermen will be interested in one result of a Soviet submarine survey, which shows that herring are sound sleepers on dark winter: nights. The schools bed down fair- ly high in the sea and are late ris ers. is time of year they sleey until 8 or 9 a.m. When wide awake they descend into deeper waters where they are alert to such in- truders as a submarine. The ob- servations of the Russian’ scientist: confirmed the assumption that her ring are caught in nets only during the evening and morning vertical

{| importance to the region, it is ex- = st ie i tie ie tremely “weitaitudted for studying |

the, cool Humboldt’ Current which .

SPLIT PERSONALITY

OTTAWA REPORT

Stenographers’ gossip in the parliamentary last week belated- ly brougit into the limelight the long - ago rumoured retirement of Hon. Paul Martin, Libera! Min- ister of National Health and Wel- fare through the eventful post- war decade.

Eighteen months ago, after the defeat of the St. Laurent Govern. ment at the polls, Windsor’s M. P. for 22 years was approached by three business concerns, of- fering big money-for the whole time use of his valuable ability. But the ambitious Pau! Martin was correctly anticipating that the post as leader of the l‘iberal Party would soon be vacated by Mr. St. Laurent, and that had been his lifelong target.

received yet another and a more attractive business offer: to serve as general counsel to

This also Mr. Martin turned down, but not before considerable dis- quiet had been aroused in the breasts of certain prominent On- tario Liberals who, as Partin supporters, value his past ser- vice and future promise in Par- liament.

PAUL MARTIN’S DENIAL

suggestion that I will retire from active politics,’ Mr. Martin has just told me, ‘I am a House of

PUBLIC FORUM

This column is open to the discus gion by correspondents of question c interest. The Guardian does not neses sarily endorse the opinion af corres pondents ‘

AN.OPEN LETTER TO ALL CANADIAN WORKERS

‘ Sir,.—The most serious threat to

the economic life of Canada to day .s that of inflation, and one that has vital meaning for the welfare of all of us--working peo ple, retired people and all the rest. I -believe most thinking peo- ple will agree that the chief cause of inflation is the desire or demand of all workers for more money for their labour, using la- bour in its Widest sense to apply to all workers, farmers, fisher- men, industrial, professional or office workers, etc

I believe that if we rightly un derstood money we would realize

_we seek higher wages or prices for our work. We all recognize that money is a medium of ex change but we are not sufficient ly aware that it is also a mea- sure or token of value, and that is the most important thing about it. Money of itself has little Or no value except that given it by labour or the product of la- bour. As a token or measure of value, money represents values in. materials or services available when, where and as required. Even in the case of materials, the largest factor in the cost of eed. them where and as re- q&ired, is that of labour. So, for all\ practical purposes we could safely say that at least 80 to 8 percepi‘A.of the value of money is tha? represented by labour. I * think it is perfectly clear to all

‘ of us that as the cost of labour

goes up then the value of our dol- lar goes down and we have what is called inflation.

About a year ago an article in Time magazine pointed out that economists in the U. S. believ- ed that inflation would continue for many years to come and at the rate of about 3 percent per year. The article also pointed out that if inflation continued at ev- en this modest rate of 3 percent per year, in thirty years o1 so, a house would cost $100,000, a car $10,000, and a packet oi cig- arettes $1. That means thai when workers of today are ready to re- tire on pension they will not be able to live on their pensions, just as folk on pension or fixed income today find that ‘*ey can't

- Three months ago: Mr. Martin}

one of Canada’s industrial giants. |

No Thought Of Retirement

By Patrick Nicholson

Commons man. and I intend to remain in the House of Commons

“But I was flattered by Doug

political epitaph generously voic- ed in the House of Commons by the C. C. F. member from Port Arthur. Fisher had said that he had just: heard the rumour - from the above-mentioned stenograph- ers sipping coffee and he de plored the possible resignation | from politics of a man whose | skill and liveliness in debate he had so long admired as matched only by ex-Fishenes Minister Jimmy Sinclair and Reverend | Stanley Knowies of the.C. C. F.

Throughout last session, Mr. Martin was restrained and lack- ing his previous fire and ef- fectiveness. In the first ten days | of this session, he made one false step and suffered some unhappy moments. One observer remark-

or fixed incomes serious threat to the economy of our country is that by ncreasing wages and prices, we will price | ourselves out of the world mar- | ket

|- We live alongside

the United

“There is no foundatiin for the | gates and we tend to follow

them in many ways, not the | least being in our standard of | living. We think that we can and | should’ have the same rates of | pay and the same siaadard of | living, and our Unions z-e largely ‘organized to bring ‘hai about. But we are in a very different position from the U. S.; we have to export most of what we pro- duce in many areas ike grain, lumber, newsprini, minerals, sal- mon, etc., whereas the U. S. ex- | ports only a smaii proportion of what she produces and consum es the rest. Therefore she can | afford to maintain or support | prices within her own borders | and thus maintain higp wages | and prices. But Canada must ex- port to live. and when. you export | '

you are meeting world competi- tion, and if our prices are too high then we cannot sell our grain, }umber, newsp‘int, miner- als or other products Every in- crease in prices or wages means an intrease in the cost of living for everyone else, and that means that they have to seek higher prices or wages, thus forcing up

| the ¢ost of goods or services we | better what we are doing when |

have to sell. ©

| I have lived both East and | West and find that we are not 'Canadians beat are provincial, with the outlook and interest of

some cases, even chai of a city or community. We cannot afford these continual strikes or the continual increase m prices for the benefit of this or that group at the expense of all, and gener- ally fostered by the various in- dustrial or commercial groups. We need a representative Labour Relations Board to handie al! wage or labour disputes right across Canada as soon as a dis- pute arises, and likewise on In- dustrial Relations Roara acting in conjunction with the above body to study and advise the Gov ernment on all matters relating to import duties, iraasportation, public utilities, industry, etc.

We cannot prosper as a nation if every province, or every group in industry or labour seeks its own welfare regardiess of the welfare of the country; we are only sabotaging or undermining the economy of the country as a whole. We need :o act as fel- low citizens of ihe same country, hut in order to nave a tair deal for, all, we need ‘o have estab- lished and lawful boards or courts set up to ‘tudy ano ad- minister justice m these matters We have acted as one country in time of war; why cannot we do it th time of peace

Yours for a Jaw deai for all and a united Canada.

‘ I am Sir, ete. PAUL McHUGH

Vancouver, B. C, ~ Tt

— ‘

But the mor: |

a province or a group, and in

ed that “the roof fell in” oa

-| blood. Naturally, this blood swells

Where Caution. Should Be Used

By Herman N. Bundesen, M. D. RECENTLY I told you about certain diseases such as measles,

common cold, which present « threat to your children’s hearing. Accidents, too, can cause hear- ing diff‘culties. POTENTIAL DANGER

Now, a Yale Medical School professor comes up’ w.th another potential danger — improperly used nose-drops!-— + — —_—.. — Dr.: Norton Canfield goes so far as to say that indiscriminate use of nose drops .presents: a definite threat to hearing. ;

When you or your children have an infectious cod in the nose, nature tries to fight it off by flooding the affecied area w.th an excessive amount of

the tissues. And the nose usual- ly is blocked temporarily. NATURE’S WEAPON :

If nature is permitted to fight in its own way, it often can knock out.the cold in from seven to ten days. True, this means that the nose will be blocked considerably for a few days, but it should become free after that.

What happens if you use a con- siderable quantity of nose drops? They relieve the stuffiness tem- porarily and you can breathe more easily. There is no ques- tion about that. However, this opening is achieved by driving away the very blood which na- ture has put there to combat the cold. :

This, says Dr. Canfield, may make the cold last longer than it normally would by opening up the channels which nature has carefully closed to prevent the sinusés and ears from becoming infected.

HEARING AFFECTED

him,

But Mr. Fisher's compliment seemed to inspire the ex-Cabinet Minister* once more. Within 24 hours, the man most feared by many opponents was on his feet

| to wind up the Throne Speech de- , mem) bate for the Opposition. Diet- as long as I can win reelection.” | sjiimmed, neat .n a dovble-breast-

ed dark blue suit, he gave the

Fisher's friendly concern,” he ad-| Commons the finest example of ded, referring to the premature |

spontaneous and debating ora- tory heard from in twelve months,

Minister John Diefenbaker devas- tated the newly - elected Liberal Leader, Hon. Lester Pearson, with his famous “Hidden Report” attack.

MAN OF HIGH CULTURE

In these days “reading” of speeches, few M Ps can rise to create such a flow- ing and persuasive piece of ora- tory as Paul Martin. His mellow voice, the apt word ready on his tongue, his loud and clear enun- ciation, and the measured’ deliv- jery of eac_ impacting add up to an impression of sol- idity as he speaks. Yet his critics charge him with insincerity. Un- tnterrupted, he coins memor- able epigrams:. yet interrupted, | he can flash back a polished ri- poste.

Paul Joseph James Martin was born 55 years ago in Ottawa, and raised in Quebec and the Ot- | tawa Valley. By blood and reli- gion he is FrenchCanadian: by upbringing a Quebecer; yet by personal and deliberate choice he has become an _ unhyphenated

Canadian with the outward tgokhas charge. of the Carnegie de-

-appropriate to the late TwentietS Century.

His millhanti father could not afford to send even his brilliant son to college. But ed hard to overcome this obstac- le, as well as the hanidcap of a Pcrippling childhood illness. He won scholarships to unveérsities which gave him an international and even inter -. continental ede- cation. He merited three degrees; a dozen more have come to him as honorary awards. His reputa- tion outside Canada is at least as high as within his own Party here; at the United Nations, he is the friend of the under-dog na- tions; in Britain, Lord Beaver- brook hailed him in his Forties as a future Prime Minister of Canada. Less respectful comment here dubs him ‘The Kodak Kid” of Parliament, in allusion to his fondness for personal publicity.

It is good news to hear from Paul Martin's mouth that he is not planning to retire from pub-

Politics has been a dangerous subject to discuss in Spain for 20 years and in Portugal for long than that. Most of the talk has been in secret,.the speakers fear- ing discovery by the police.

Recently there have been signs that opposition by Spaniards to dictator Francisco Franco is be- coming more active and more outspoken.

The Franco regime appears to *be letting the critics have their say. watching until a danger of real action arises and then mov- ing in. So far, those who have urged the overthrow of the gov-

icism has been on ‘the gentle side if the critics wish to remain out of prison. DELGADO’S BID

A somewhat similar situation was seen in Portugal last sum- mer in the presidential election. For the first time since Premier Antonio Salazar became dictator in 1926, voters had a choice of candidates for president.

As expected. the opposition candidate, Gen. Humberto Del- gado, lost to the government

nominee. Delgado criticized Sala. zar and his policies and promised reforms. Six months after the election he lost his job as director of civil aviation and prepared to seek asylum in Brazil. In Madrid last week,

-4 polite and formal banquet, rare

since that occasion when Prime |

of deplorable |

word |

Paul work-_

ernment have been few. The crit-,

Your ears are probably healthy and strong enough to recover from a few such infections. But permanent damage may take place when infections occur fre- quently. Thus, hearing may be Permanently impaired by a cold coupled with unwise use of nose drops or sprays

I would like to add one more possible danger of nuse reme- dies. If a child begins using them improperly eariy .n life, he May..become dependent on them | every time a cold strikes in lat- er years S QUESTION AND ANSWER

J. A.: What are .he symptoms of neurocirculatory astnenia?

Answer: Neurocirculatory as- thenia is. sometimes called a “Soldier's Heart.'’ Symptoms are breathlessness. giddiness. mental and physical’ fatigue. pain in the heart region and palpitation.

OUR YESTERDAYS

ti. From The Guardian Files)

| TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO (Feb, 7, 1934)

| Another -branch of the Carne |

' monstration in this Province. The Mock Trial put on by the | Summerside Board of Trade to | assist in providing funds to ad- vertise the Town of Summerside was successfully staged Tuesday night at the Capitol Theatre. The play, written by R. V. Harris of Halifax, depicted the trials of “Marcus Erastus Carbon”, play-

ed by Ben Schurman. (

TEN YEARS AGO

(Feb, 7, 1949) The local Junior Chamber of night at a well attended” meeting held .n the City Hall, presided

Commerce was reorganized last

NOTES ‘BY.

THE WAY

In Tokyo, the police ferce is re-

—Ott@wa Journal ©

In the Commons, Miss -Mar- garet Aitken contends that lip- stick is not a luxury, which is a tenable point provided it is not slapped on apparently with a tro- wel.—Ottawa Journai

“The percentage of single men who run afoul of the law is al- most three times that of mar- ried men,” says a statistician. It seems to be a human weakness to abuse freedom.—Kitchener-Water- loo Record

4

When United States unions sup- ‘port Canadian strikes, do they do so, we wonder, with tongue in cheek, knowing that Canada’s loss of business through work stoppages is their own country’s gain?—Ottawa Journal ;

Naturally, there is a lot of con- fusion about outer space, since the only people who really und- erstand it are about ten years old and busy with school, cub scouts and piano lessons.—Winnt- Peg Tribune

The mighty Rhone glacier, one of Switzerland's wonders, ts slowly shrinking. Within its re- corded history, the frozen river has retreated two miles up the valley. It is now- eight miles long.

~National Geographic Society News

'

A famous big - league umpire has remmarked that he could ne ver understand, how crowds ia the grandstand, hundreds of feet from the plate. could see better and judge more accurately than he can, when he is never more than seven feet away. In life, too, we call strikes on a chap when we are too far away to under- stand.—Portage, Man., Enterprise

Monday night. The former Jun- ior Chamber of Commerce ceas- ed its activities here in 1947 when its members amalgamated with the Senior Board of Trade.

Nighbors of Mr. and Mrs. A.P. Gallant of _Richmond who lost home and ail thei? furniture and clothing in a fire on January 30th, are rallying to give what assist- ance they can towards getting this elderly couple re-establish- ed. A collection of clothing and household articles has already been completed.

MAXIMS

est of our religion is whe- fits us to meet emergenc- man has no more charac- can command in a

The t

=

cradle can rule the delinquents. -

I To

? " 7 nella for a rainy day is a freshly wasie ed car.—Brandon Sun

There may be a difference be- tween vertical integration and contract. farming, though the ob jective appears to be the same, Vertical integration probably is different because it is the term that.is applied when the farmer

or producer makes a contract

; ees

v1 cms Say koh

avon

> Capi-— =

talistic company, under which he — operates his :arm with the fim

ancial assjstance of the company. — He grows agricultural or fruit

| crops and the company buys

them him at an agreed price, or it may be that the price is the market price of which the farmer gets an agreed portion. —Moose Jaw Times-Herald

Turkey farmers have suffered in the past from a psychological handicap—the association of their product almost exclusively with the Christmas season. Ob- viously a food product that is eaten at only one meal'in the year is not that can be produced in great quantities. Individual turkey growers are combatting this view and have been steadly working toward the goal of mak- . ing turkey a food eaten the year round, as chicken, is and are having some success. An organ- ization of turkey growers could go much farther with this.—Fred- ericton Gleaner

The Age Old Story

As often as ye eat this bread, and drink this cup, ye do shew. the’ Lord’s death till He come.

What shrines of loneliness these classtooms are,

As final daylight stabs the hour with flames

Of saffron - fire. I think of Keats’ “Star,”

Of Shelley’s ‘‘Lark’’—but these are only names

Of emptiness, for no one listens now

take from those romantie words the songs

That spill. No one is here to ques- tion how ;

And why a poet lives, and loves, and longs.

I miss the morning’s crowded rooms where talk

And laughter yield: reluctantly pleas :

For silences. I miss the whirls of chalk— \

The rows of sunflower - smiles that taunt and tease.

Deserted schools at dusk mean stricken rooms

To me—not sweet repose where musi¢ blooms.

; —Walter Blackstock, In the Christian Science Monitor

BRONCHIAL coulis BUCKLEY'S MIXTURE NO SYRUP - HIGHLY MEDICATED

over by Mr. Earl Nicholson. Elec-

a meeting scheduled for

Franco’s Regime Weakening? Ca wide r mas vstatt "Writer

public criticism. of. the Spanish government was voiced. Leaders of a group known as the Spanish Union — questioned? the govern.

ment’s economic asd social pol- icies and charged Franco with holding power illegally.

Opposition decided they could accomplist more by working in the open ir trying to. shake Franco's grasr on the country.

MOSTLY MONARCHISTS

So far as world opinion is con- cerned, that may be so. But in Spain itself, Franco's censors can slow the spread of news about public opposition. Im a curious twist, the government announced that it attached no political sig- nificance to the dinner.

The reason for this is that most of the leaders of the Spanish Un- jon are monarchists who want the dictator to step down in favor of Don Juan, pretender to the throne. Franco has already de cided to do just that—bit not be fore he dies.

The caudillo now is 66 and the Spanish Union's chiefs believe the need for a change is urgent. The undercover attempts to weaken Franco's regime are con- tinuing and the inion hopes to ally itself with other political

_may be able to bring pressure for a change.

|

tion of officers will take place at

lic life: that he proposes to pur- | sue the elusive and sometimes |

leaders apparently |

groups. Together, they think they /

Telephones:

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