' changes immediately nor to make

‘ i-

.'.MARCH 27. 1950

run: 'GUARDlAN. CHARLOTl'E'l'OWN

-THE EDU CA TI ONAL HORIZON

PRESENTING NEWS AND VlEW8 OF lN’l'EllES'I‘ T0 TEACHERS AND _ALl. OTHERS SEEKING

IMPROVEMENT IN EDUCATION

TEACHERS AS CURRICULUM MAKERS (C. T. F. News better)

one 01 the most significant changes in the revision of curricu- lum now taking place in Ontario schools is the degree to which act- ual practising teachers are writing the new course of study. The De- parent of Education has announced a. new grouping oi classes into four divlaions—Primary (roughly equiv- alent to the present Grades I to III) Junior (equivalent to Grades 1V to VI). Intermediate (equival- ant to Grades VI! to X). Senior (Grades XI to XIII).

It is not -roposed to effect all

it obligatory that all schools shall lit the new pattern but beginning in September 1960. certain local school administrations will establish the new organization on an ex- perimental basis.

The main points in the new scheme are the elimination oil the old "entrance barrier" between elem y and secondary ‘ . the intergration of grades VII. VIII. xx. and x into a new unit, the provision of a terminal course ending at Grade 2-: for the many who drop out at about age sixteen. the provision of free textbooks in all elementary schools with local

boards being reimbursed by We Provincial Department. and the flexibility of the new'oourses with many permissive features relating to choice of tenders etc. .

Commencing ii. September 19.-0 the number of obligatory subjects in Grade Ix will be reduced to English, social studies, Mathe- matics, Physical and Health Edu- cation. and Guidance. It will be possible, therefore, for principals so to arrange time tables in Grades 1}; and x that each pupil will have the opportunity of covering a range of optional subjects prior to making a selection of specia- lized courses in Grade XI.

It is noteworthy that committees oi teachers in the centres where the experilnental work is being undertaken are actually formulat- ing the course of study within the broad framework laid down by the Department. This feature is a not- able advance in line with the policy of the teacher's organization but it carries with it a heavy re- sponsibility and. in the nature of its experimentation, a continuing responsibility requiring careful ob- servation aud sound advice iruin the prqvinciai teuchcrs‘ organizat- ion.

EDUOATION WEEK

Oanadlan Education Week 1050 la a thing of the past but the im- portant task oi keeping the public acquainted with the sirns. idea and needs of Canada's schools. pupils and teachers continues from clay to day. Local Education Week committees would do well to con- sider how they might spread cf- forts over the your and use some of the channels opened to them in Education Week for weekly or monthly activities in a carefully integrated programme throughout the school year.

19.1%.

The lluropean Recovery Program (I. R. P.). first suggested by ‘Unit- ed Otatca secretary George C. Marshall in June 1917. The E.l?..P. proposed to help the nations of Western Europe to get on their feet again by means of funds and mat- eldals supplied by the United States and other eountrles lg the western

Feature articles in papers and magazines, special news columns In the daily and weekly press. radio broadcasts, displays of school work. speakers bureau. panel dis- cussions. forums etc.. are all part in our public relations.

The National Committee for l'$clli- catlori Week will meet after ElI5h.‘l' to evalute the work this year and make recommendations with re- spect to 1051. Comments on this year’: observance and especially re- ports oi new developments will be welcomed at the C. ’l‘. 1". office.

P. gemlapher. '1he Uruted States W” to pl:y the principal DI“ ‘ll

this program.‘-which wt! '0 be C3" ried on for four year!-

slxtceil European nations were to receive help from the EILP.‘ Each of the E. R. I’. countries "5 ‘° receive help from available fund! and materials aocorqinz W _“‘

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' states. France. too, retained auth-

-

FOR H0USECLEANIl;(8}c

needs; it was to contribute to the plan according to its means.

in December 1941. the United states Congress appropriated $523, 000.000 for emergency reliei for France, Italy and Austria. It was not until April 1948, however. that Congress officially approved the European Recovery Plan. Two months later. it authorized the spending oi 35.066.000.000 for ER1‘. for a. period of fifteen months. but with the understanding that, if the President approved. the sum could be spent in 12 months. The E. R. P.. then. served to link the countries of Western Europe. Be-

Tlle Prime Minister of Australia is Robert Menzies.

The Prime Minister of New Zea- land is Sidney Holland.

The Prime Minister of Japan is Shileru Yoshida.

The President oi the United States oi Indonesia is Soekarao.

New Zealand is the smallest Doin- inion oi the Brltlsll Commonwealth oi’ Nations.

Coal is the leading inlncrill of New Zealand.

Ottawa is Canada's fifth lnrglist city in population.

Lipstick was used in Egypt lll 4450 B. C.. made of red iron oxide and cinnabar. '

The speaker of the British Columbia Legislature is Mrs. Namy Hodges.

Viet Nam is now as major front in the world-wide battle against communism. A small state oi indo- Chlna tucked away in a corner oi southwest Asia. Viet Nam is qulw suddenly a cause oi great concern to all nations trylng_to halt the spread of Russian communism. The other states of Illdo-Clliilu arc Laos and Cambodia. The total population of Indo-Chins is :5 mill- ion.

Comnlunlsnit China. and Russia formally recognized I-lo Chi Minh srsthe head of government in Viet. Nam. lie is Moscow trained and has a large Communist following.

The United states and Great Bl-itiarl recognized Bao Dal as the

head of Viet Nam's government. Boo Dal is a young man who was educated in Europe and who un- derstands -westerr: ways. While lie holds the title oi Emperor. he en- dorscs democratic ideas in govern- ment and has French support.

The United States and Britain also recognized the French spon- sored governments of Laos and Cambodia. These states are peace- ful. however. and do not present any problem to the world. France ruled Indo-China irom the late imosi until world war 11. Japanese troops occupied Indo-China. during World War II. when France took back the area in 1946 she was con- ironted with the pro lem of set- tling a bitter revolution.

France recognized Indo-China's demands and set up a federal union of free states. Each state was given the right of self-govcrnr’nent at home. but a French governor was named as supervisor over all Lhe

orlty over Indo-China's relations with other ccrurltrles and in mili- tary matters.

Cambodia and Laos were set up as states under the French plan. with little difficulty. in 1946. Ho Chi Mlnh already had set up 19.

CURRENT EVENTS

fore any country would be eligible for help under the Marshall Plan, now called E.R.P. it would have to sign a. pact with the United states. with certain important pro- visions.

_ (1) The country would agree to make itself self-supporting within the four year period covered by the E. R. P. (2) It would balance its budget as soon as‘ possible. stabilize its currency and lower its trade barriers. (3) It would make strategic materials (those neces- sary for war industry) available to the United States.

back to Indo-China after the war. He calls himself President oi Viet Nam. The French tried to -work with Ho in 1M6. and recognised his government. They hoped, in this way. to establish peace. Trouble quickly developed. how- ever, and fighting broke out at Hanoi ill December, 1946 and it still continues.

Tile French and Boo Dal ilolzl the cities aild the lines oi com- munications connecting thcnl. But there is sabotage oven in the cities.

Bao Dal is making some gains against the communist-led armies.

Rice is the big crop in Viet Nam. Tea. coffee, tobacco. fruits. vege- tables. and rubber also are produc- ed. Viet Nam is wealthy in tin.

iron. copper, and zinc, and there is considerable milling of these 1'-:- sources. ill the south. the state is heavily covered with forests in which live elephants, tigers, and other jungle animals.

Most of the 21 million people are farmers but many live in the large cities. Hanoi and line are two of the big ones. Hanoi is clean and beautiful. with electricity lighting ils broad streets. Haridcarved furni- ture, jewelry, and many kinds of embroidered silks can be bought in the market places.

Cambodia and Laos‘ are desis- able for their agricultural produc- tion. These states have a populat- ion oi only 4 million. Laos. in the North, grows rice. The foresters cut valuable hard—wood trees, for mak- ing furniture. The people of Cani- bodla. in tile soutll-«vest, raise sugar. pepper. and tropical fruits.

The I..ieut.-Governor of Alberta is John James Bowlen. .

Redwater. Alberta. has the great- est oilfield discovered anywhere in the world in recent. years.

The President of France Georges Bldault.

The President of Finland is June Paaslklvi.

There are 59 members of the United Nations.

The total area of Canada is 3,842,410 square miles.

The total area of the United States is 3.6(B.787 square miles.

The area of Europe is 3,776,700 square miles. .

The present population....oi...Can- ads. is estimated to be 13,707,000.

Tile Lieutenant-Govemor of Saskatchewan is J. M. Uhrlch. (W. A.)

To be gentle, generous, lenient, forgiving. and yet never relinquish the vital thing—thls is to be great.

The man wllo can laugh at him- self. and who is not anxious to have the last word. is right in the suburbs of greatness.

To know when to be generous and when firm-—tllis is -wisdom. E. Hubbard.

is

government when the French came

-drain off the

pecl tile conquering march of Rome.

race mnvsn

where the new factories were springing up. In all. he attended to the building of nearly lnvo hull- dred miles of roadway. He died It the ripe old age of ninety-three.

Thomas Teliord. a Scotsman born in 175'], was an even more famous mad-maker than Metcalf. His best ‘work was done in Scotland. yvhere be constructed for the Gov- ernment over nine hundred miles of road with more than twelve hundred bridges.

John Macadam. another Scots- man, born in 1756. gave his name “Macadam" to the method of mak- ing roadswiih small shaped stones and with an arched surface to water. Macadam lived for many years‘ in America and when he returned. a ricll man. to Scotland in 1783. he bought an estate at Sauchrle in Ayrshire and there at his own expense made experiments in road-making. In 1815. he was appointed surveyor- general oi the Bristol roads and he was then able to put his ideas into practice. Thus road-making was not properly begun in England until after the wars with Napoleon at the beginning oi the 19th celi- tury.

Tl-IE FUR TRADE

The first White man to reach Saskatchewan was Henry Kelsey. who in icon was sent into the in- terior to encourage the Indians to bring iurs to l-ludsoil Bay. Tlleli ill the 1740's the La. verendrycs built a number oi forts on the prairies, and after them came other voyag- eurs from Montreal. To meet this- new threat. the Hudson's Bay Company sent an expedition under Anthony I-lendry west in 1745. He’ travelled to the Blackfeet country. meeeting some French traders who had come from the st. Lawrence.

In the next twenty years the Hud- son's Bay Company sent no less‘ than sixty expeditions into the lr.- ‘ terior to bring the Indians down lo trade, but did not build many‘ forls.

Then, after Canada becamei British, the Montreal traders or-| ganlzerl the North-West Company. ill 1783 and soon had a chain of. Iurls C.\l»Cll(llli.g frum Lake Superi-l or post Lake Winnipeg. along the SaSkal2i'.llE\A'Bn Rivers to the foot- hills of the Rockies. As these posts began to divert the furs to the Great Lakes a.nrl St. Lawrence. the Hudson's Bay Conlpaily decided the only way to combat this ap- position was to build inland forts. In 1774 Samuel I-Iearne was sent to build Cumberland House on the upper reaches of the Saskatchewan River. From there a network of fonts and trade routes were de- veloped through the rich iur coun- try of the Athabaska. For most oi the next century the vast territor- ies known as Rupert's Land were under the control of the Hudson's Bay Company. It was not until 1869 that Rupert's land was ceded to the newly formed Dominion of Canada.

DECISIVE BATTLES

1. Battle of Maratllon. 4.90 B. C. The Persians were defeated by the Greeks who by their victory saved western civilization from being ab- sorbed by the Orient.

2. Battle of Syracuse,‘ 413 B. C. The Athenian eyggeditlgnary force was so badly—Eéalcn that the decay of the empire of Athens began from that date.

3. Battle of Arbela, 331 B. C. Alexander the Great overthrew Darius and destroyed forever the threat of Persia.

4. Battle of Metaurus, 207 B. 0. Rome destroyed the invading forces of Carthage.

5. Battle oi Teutoburg Fore.’-‘t, 9 A. D. Arminius the German over- threw the Roman legions and stop-

6. Battle of Chalons. 451 A. D.

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_OF...

MARQUISETTE CURTAINING

PASTEI. and PLAIN SHADES APPROXIMATELY looo YARDS -14 rarreaus IN THE LOT

This is brand new mer- chandise iusp arrived. A lucky purchase allows us to give wonderful value iusi or spring time when you need this cur- reinlng suitable for kill- cllen. bedroom and din- ing room. also for sum- mer cottages. Reg. 60. 65. and '70 cents a yard.

Sale’ Price 49c yard

If purchased in lengths of ‘IO yards Sale Price 45: cl yard

This is a wonderful op‘portunity—llcn’t miss, it .

sans: NOW on PROWSE BROS LTD.

FRIZZLE CHICKEN S

This fancy breed is valued more for its peculiar appearance than for its beauty or usefulness. It is the only breed with feathers curved outward at..the tips. which give the fowl la very frlzzled or unkempt appearance. The comb is single. The feathers may be black. white. red. or bay; but in exhibition fowls the color must be solid or without

mixture. and pairs. trlos, or pens

must be matched in colour.

But little is known about the origin of the breed. Ptizzles are natives of the Far East, whence they were brought to Europe and America. Centuries ago frizzly chickens were common in Java. Japan, aild southern Asia. That the breed has been perpetuated to

II

Whmdfiflwf

just watch for the slightest sign that your body is run down— then act at once with Wiacarnis, a tonic that quickly helps rid you of that full and heavy feeling.

I’ FLO . Attila tllc Hun was defeated and the present time is only because of - - 3:‘!!! I ‘ ' ‘ . . . $6.00 MUREsC0_ LORD ELGIN cmmed Europe was saved mm us odd appeamnm They are sonw Wlncarnls helps st.r:ngtl'.lerl the _ "' ' . VE white 5 lbs. . . . . . . . . 650 He became Governor of Canada should be regarded as traitors. “"589 h°1'd°5- “"195 0511*‘-d "1“i“‘m9l‘ 1"°Blv"5 1l'lZ- nenm“ “stem 5" mwgora" ‘W50! 50”’ um’ I" 0010,,’ 5 lb, _ 39¢ in men. To him. in a large measure. Tile legislature passed the bill 7. Battle of Tours,732 A.D. Gllar- zly fowls". _ body tissues and organs. TIDE: xynollv Em ' ' " '” ' is due the credit for establishing but many sent in petitions urging 135 MEWW1 '5°‘°‘“°d the 5'“°"'°“‘ Pleasant gagging and free from 113%‘ 3'” - 35° PAINT BB.USHE8— responsible government in Canada. Lord Elgin to refuse to sign it. and saved Europe from the Moor- m%m~s.WW harmful dm 5 ONS. 4 for . .. .. 190 All sizes I-lo asked‘I.a. Fontalne and Bald- If he signed it he would be giv- 151; Ygkem 0: Ham“ 5 was wu_ 1-M, Dguflmug 1, 3.“. § 3 '

OARWION-, NEs=I-W 1’!.‘..".'...‘°“.:‘..“‘.’..‘...‘Zf. ‘::° .:‘°..‘:'*:.*..::.::;i. mi: is at oil.-ea i'.'.'.“.f.'." l’ "::..';'"'.°:...=.':.:.:'." Get a we °fvi-c=r-=-'=- - or FARMERS WIFE NYLONS ' $135 in the recent election, to form a in-law. Lord Durham}: lie signed 0” 5”‘-'1 br°”3h" "° England me Contrlbutma are welcomed § M“-'h‘a‘.°d T‘_’“iC ‘°d'Y‘5°° MILK - - - -- - - -- - » 153 OVERALLS ‘u Sims government. one of their first the bill. Lord llngln was assaulted N0l'm8ll Cultum and ehflllld be Iddrnled 00 , how qulcklylt helps you back CORN FLAKES, ' measures was a bill to recompense ill the streets and an urruly mob 9- BIN-19 01 0|'19l_m5» 1439- J0“ Miller MaeFall!!n. I 13 NI’ 9 to Youf PEPPY c°”di'i°"' Kefloggj _ __ _ _ _ ]5c DUNGAREES those of Lower Canada, with the set the Parliament. building on fire. of Arc secured the independence of ling st.. Chulu

exception of any found guilty of treason. who had suffered losses during the rebellion of 1837-88.

The opposition argued that many

Lo .1 E] i v 9. France. r en “an all the majority 10. DHNPOI me spamsh Ab

mada. 1588. England destroyed the

er...... . . . . ..14c QUARER, ROBIN HOOD or OGILVIE OATS.

Boys & Men's Also WORK SHIRTS

rule to count. Canada owes a great debt to this great statesman. By signing the bill, Elgin gave Splmish hopes oi world empire.

IIAMILTON W. I.

. . .. . f th ‘h ' id i' '- C cl 5 i 11. B tllc f Bleilileim. 1704- ‘Mr’. R L kerb was hostess MRDs ROUND STEAK 59“ ‘llllellt o:l:d“tB°»l(e‘:lmlllp l:::‘leS\:glfl::l)i.l. g0E\}‘1Ot:'nx:ll8l’Il::?Illfl§fieC0c:’l?::1%;u%lll‘?E This battle mzrkcd the death 0f to tile H:¥nlltg$l \V.y I. on March AT ALL DRUG COUNTERS com» um‘ 42- “ii ' ‘.".—:..::“‘.’é‘.‘.".;“....:“.§‘.“v°*...°.§....l’3§ .2-..“:.i..*:*°:.::";:.::.’*".:2.."L:.rzit; e ve a a , - . ». ' ' ' ' . - - - be . in gill. L. ll;£:i:I'll*éL There PORK CIIOPS .. .. 55c I W“ ‘tut’ ‘N T“ F:_"‘-"°w”:":""N"° “‘i§“%’.."€oe of Pultowa‘. .739; steed {*,*}:;‘e°'3;’,,,*;§.°f,‘,:‘;.,§1{°",1,.,f:.,;‘0} [Ix Ii|.A -—-——-——j-j--— . l lam ax on se up 15' passed y e -—. the j, and e the Great of Russo. eeae . th my wALL_ FLOOR E.NAMEL, JELLO. 3 for . .. 2513 press Ir; 22%-.:iand in -—. near : signed by the —. 8. when a.mem- CrllE.l‘ll3S XII of Sweden and made lasrtt $::“:‘°gte(;w,,r:d .f.,'I,.,'°..,... we Qmcxms R ‘ sEMl'GDoss' VARNISIL Heinz BABY FOOD’ 2- appeared. lil lgialiflftlnlglapcllre l‘(i]lli;ll| °(2l[lB:.a(JrlPal':;gl:S era ‘:12: Il‘:glllsi:;‘f‘l Ru15::mB:ttl8c:re¢?; gifiygtarosa. 1777. Tile 5°“ "h‘:lb1g1mBc$f1;1;,I51,ch$3“$s .:v‘,;):k-(3 by Ken A. lbynold. Etc‘! 3t R9913’ Prlcem 3 ""5 ' ' " ' ‘ “ ‘ ' ' " Dc of -—. 3. Johil Wilkes published a to elect a new member. 9'. In the American General Gates defeated :grEV°5eyfi1m orprlcé 0'“ the smalle, newspaper called —-—. 4. 'l‘lll‘i‘l} federal Parliament a bill may be i:.- ti-ie_Bi-itish under Burgoyne and one “ 5 English Kings who paid very little troduced by a. menlber in either the won the alliance of France. , let“, u to he wrmen M,_ cur. attentzon to the wlsiies of Parlia- —. or the -—..It must be voted 14. Battle cf Vail“)/. liilz. i‘hc rm {mums my what mg gosf,

NOTICE: CllARIDl'I'l!'I'0W‘N 8; PARKDALE Beginning Monday. March 27, we will be Delivering

ment were 1 —— 2 —— 3 —. 5.

The -country gentleman who rc-

fused to pay shlpmoney was — —.

on and passed —— times in eaih house. These are knowll as its —~-. 10. A Federal election must be held

French Revolutionary forces do- feated the allies who had come to aid the King's cause. This battle

would be to have the organ fraicd and shipped up.

Correspondence was read. was

Cu 0- Do 1“ ICE DA‘-LY Viglglelrgdufalthgianmlgllsllnicr: wave at [gust every _ ye“-5_ 11, gem. Welltbnlal‘ toward establishing the decided to send $200 to the Dmnm

’ ' nl y 0 money 0 ie L . __ rcpu c. F U. 1_ ,st' Pekr" Rd‘ Central Royflty Phone 1786'] Kl“! 13 ‘"5 kn°“’" ‘*5 —‘- 7- A W5 me, appointed by the C" 15. Battle of Waterloo. 1815. NIP est was moved and seconded that - bill before it can become law in we "'d“°° °‘ me G°"°m"‘°‘“ 1" poleon -was defeated and the each member donate .25 to 30 g_-,. the Dominion of Canada must lie power. Frcllcll dream of conquest of wards “mung 3 box to the adom-

Lula ar_not, l‘nl going refinish this Shirrlfs Marmalade"

-5

1717. At the age of 6 he loe‘. his sight as the result oi smallpox. a dreadful scourge to the country be- fore Doetor Jenner discovered the means of preventing the disease Ly vaccination. But though Meicalf was blind. he led a most useful life