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GUARDIAN

Pam.-uneu even wees-dss nu-IIng' as as Prince Inset. (has- iottetosvl. P Ii, 1.. by nae cusses: united. "oesers PIIIOI IIIIII IIIAIC LII! IIO .0!" Editor. Frank Walker General llgnagsr. Ian A. Burnett

ennui uneuh Iusnnsanlsll. Isnsususs and Albestoa. Anaes- lsed as second Class Haida) the Post omen Department. WI.

8: Carrier: Charlottetown. Sununss-aide tlagares aanarn. use where In P E. l ss.oo Other Provinces U. I. L IILN Ff Illlllll.

"The strongest memory is weaker lb) the weakest Ink.”

WEDNESDAY, JAN. 5, 1955.

under one sovereign. Visiting Norwegians'. Swedes and Danes have little difficulty. in understanding one another's languages. And all this northern region owes much to the warming influence of the Gulf Stream. In- divldual differences among the Scandinav- ian nations are no less striking. Each has its own typical scenery: Norway's fjords and snow-topped mountains; Sweden's lakes and forests; Denmark's grazing meadows. In world markets, the Scandinavians are noted for such specialties as Danish ham and eggs, Norwegian fish and metals. Swed-

:n.

3.2.-s.s

OTTAWA Ri:...-?O'rt'I'

AWA.: Canada's prestige in o r countries has reached new heignts, of a degree which we in Camda neither suspect nor have any me ns of discovering.

This vTas the most distinct im- pression left in my mind by talks with Cabinet M' 'sters, high of- -ficials and average citizens of ,our

Canada's Prestige 'Abro'.::i T t ny Ppbfok Nicholson , I :::::::..::.::' do MW-M

and is recogn sui as -- the honest broker - of intematlonal affairs. 0 O O

mda. in fact, ig -

That is why the great men of

other lands are so interested in us. anxious to earn our friendship and keen to learn our thoughts.

i ' ' ' i.5h Sled and Wood P1'0duct5- Contempol” thirteen North Atlantic allies, at How often was I ask d 1; ML Hammarskloid 5 MiS5i0n my designs for furniture and the decor. the NATO meeting in Paris last Frenchmen or Briton, by A:!1E'I'lC3g month. or Scandinavian. by Italian, Turk

Every right thinking citizen of the free world will be thinking of Dag Hammarsk- jold as he pursues the difficult task assign- ed to him.by the United Nations. There is much more involved than the fate of the eleven airmen and other United Nations

- personnel now being held by the Chinese Communists, although that is the reason for the unusual journey. Upon the success or failure of Mr. Hammarskjold's mission will depend, to a considerable extent, the con- tinuance or the virtual abandonment of the United Nations Organization as a moral force in international disputes.

It is clear from reports coming out of Peiping that Red China officials are de- lermincd to use the occasion for pleading their claim to a seat in the world organiza- tion. They might even try to bargain back and forth with the Secretary-General and offer to trade unjustly held prisoners for promises of assistance in their bid for U. N. recognition. Mr. Hammarskjold is, of course, a seasoned diplomat. He can be, expected to go as far as. and no farther than, the terms of his commission will al- low. Even so, he will peed all his wits about him if he is to resist the alternate, threats and blandishments which Mr. Chou and his colleagues are ceriain'to use in the course of the conversations, and, at the same time, impress upon them the despic- able character of the crime they have per- petrated againset international law and or- der. Meanwhile, it is well to remember that Mr. Hammarskjold is in Peiping not as a suppliant begging favours, but as a mes-v senger from free men demanding redress of a wrong. The softness of the diplo-ii

matic language he will use will in no wiseg

detract from the sternness of the demand he has been instructed to make.

Modern Bethlehem

A recent issue of the New York Times carries an interesting article by Robert EH Bedingfield on present day Bethlehem. Thel birthplace of our Lord is now a small city of approximately 20,000 and is a part of, the kingdom of Jordan. Most of the citi-- zens are very poor; many of them have no, homes or means of livelihood and wander from place to place seeking food and restw Taxes, the collection .0! which by the Roman authorities caused Joseph and Mary to journey to Bethlehem from Naz-T areih just before Jesus was born, amount: to about 3i30,000 annually and are based almost wholly on property and rentals. Owners pay l5"4- of the rents they collect,l and tenants 4”'h of what they pay. Public: sewices are meagre. For examples, only about S1800 is provided for education and less than M000 for engineering projects,l The police fdrce functions on less than, .ii3000. The biggest single outlay is foriv roads-about f'514,000. Most of this is spent. on the main strcet: other thoroughfares are no better than footpaths and are impassable for a goodly part of the year. .

Thcre is a small fire department which very rarely has anything to do, since most of the buildings are made of mud-clay. Electric powcr, such as it is, comes from Jerusalem, five miles away: but if is turn- ed off as often as it is in use. Drinking water is brought by hand from the Pools of Solomon on the Jerusalem road. Most' of the buying and selling-chiefly in religious goods made from the native olive woode- ls done in road-side stalls. The only big business is the tourist traffic. Local inns are not much better than they were whcn Joseph and Mary tried unsuccessfully to find lodgings for the night: visitors, es- pecially those from the West, make their Jheadouartvrs ln Jerusalem. The chief at-

7? traction, of course, is the Church of the

ynoiy Nativity which, according to tradi-

:,tion. stands on the spot where the Christ-

;-;Child, dressed in swaddling, clothes, was laid in a manger.

f-7 Scandinavian Economic Union

: -k 3 Norway, Sweden and Denmark are tak- ling steps to form an economic union along

the lines of the Benelux accord among Bel-

gium, the Netherlands and Luxembourg. - Trade ministers of the Scandinavian cab-

..." v have been appointed to a' joint oom- p '1, - ;- to study meansfor setting up a cus-

i free home market and promoting sales nsvian products abroad. , The pro- together in a new way countries

ative arts have won Scandinavia a place in world exhibits. Practical and beautiful Swedish glass, Danish silver and the bril- liantly colored Norwegian enamel are now found in rnany homes on this side of the Atlantic as" well as in Europe.

Norway, with a huge merchant fleet and whaling industry, buys ships and parts from Sweden and elsewhere, as well as produc- ing some of her own. Sweden is a heavy purchaser of raw fibres for her textile in- dustry. Dairy-minded Denmark, lacking extensive forest resources, orders wood pro- ducts from her neighbors. '

The United Kingdom, West Germany and the United States are leading traders in to- day's Scandinavian markets. The British long have been the best customers and chief suppliers. But individual variations and economic pressure make the traffic a shifting one. Since the disruptions of World War II, the United States has played an up- and-down role in this commerce, while West Germany has steadily gained as her war-battered industry recovered. '

Sound Common. Sense It is well known that when Mr. Harry S. Truman was President of the United States he was on very friendly terms with

General Dwight Eisenhower. Now that the b

latter is President and the former a private citizen there is reason to believe that polit- ical differences-such as they are; they never have been serious ones-have not dis- turbed that cordial relationship in any way. It was not surprising, therefore, to hear that when the President found himself up against the fact of Red Chinals obstinacy in the case of the imprisonment of the eleven American flyers, he turned to Mr. Truman-or someone did in his behalf-for advice on how to handl; the difficult and

potentially dangerous problemf After giv-

ing the request due consideration. Mr. Tru- man polltely refused to have anything to do with the matter; not, however, bebause he was not anxious to help the President in any way open to him-just as any good citizen would-but because he felt that this was one problem where too many advisers might do harm rather than good. These are his own words: "I had more eager beavers telling me what to do than any other man in history, and I don't want to join the chorus. . It's the President's decision. I want to leave it up to him." .

Whichever way one looks at it, Mr. Tru- man's attitude in this matter seems to have been dictated by sound common sense. Authority and responsibility must go hand in hand; neither can be delegated without weakening the other. Moreover, the Presi- dent has in his service specialists in every field of politics and diplomacy; they would hardly look with favour on outside advice, especially if it were contrary to their own views. If they advise the President wisely, they will share the credit for the President's final decision; if they do not, they must share the blame.

EDITORIAL NOTES

Week of Prayer. 0 I O

A publicity campaign to recruit teach- ers across Canada is outlined in the cur- rent issue of Canadian Education, official publication of the Canadian Education As- socialiop.

O 9 0

Parliament may be expected to agree unanimously on one thing when it opens at Ottawa on Friday. That is in wishing the Hon. George Drew, Opposition leader, a speedy recovery to his oldtime health and vigour. Meanwhile Hon. Earl Rowe will carry on as acting leader. '

C C O Humbert Wolfe, English poet and critic,

was born this date 1383: died this date 1940. An Oxford gratiuate and a civil

servant, he became principal assistant sec- um...

retary to the Ministry of Labour in 1918 and was .made C. B. in 1925. His poetic works include: The Unknown Goddess, l-luniouresque, News of the Devil, The Sil- ver Cat, and The Uncelestlsl City.

day season, Chief of Police MacArthur

warns that car accidents in Charlottetown m

forthepast-three years havebsenenthe

Despite our good record over the holl- srouve

' , 'Now

I NOTES BY

International trade is never a simple method of doing business. Because for prosperity Canada's economy requires a large volume of export trade circumstances which affect the sale of- goods across international borders neces- sarily concern those interestcd in business affairs. -- Welland Tri- une.

A lazy student, a student who refuses to work. is not only of no earthly use in any classroom but is a heavy and quite unneces- sary liability. Such a student is a trial to the teacher, who already has enough trials. That is bad enough? But the presence of such a useless individual, fiaunting his uselessness and up until now get- ting away with it, has a deplor- able influence on all the other stu- dents. -- Calgary Herald.

We've been served too much gulf about education lately from too many theorists on the loose. And so we are grateful for a cartoon in the Saturday Review of Litera- ture. It depicts two brats in the school yard beating the hide off each other and one teacher say- ing to another on the sidelines:

."Rlchard is an only child and it's

made him aggressive, rude and selfish - and the competition at home has made him turn out the same way." - Ottawa Citizen.

Combatling The 'Flu

I (Moncton Times)

Medical science in this as well as -in other countries long has sought to discover a preventive remedy for the commo cold and its harder hitting relation, influenza or more commonly called "the 'flu".

A new method which is hoped will eventually attain the desirable goalvhas been under experiment in Britain to counteract influenza. 'l'he influenza virus is now believed by many doctors to act on the brain and nerve cells in much the same way as does alcohol or an overdose of narcotics. 1 inhibits the energy- producing mec anlsms of the brain cells and causes weakxwss and depression, thereby lowering the body's defences against its incur- stone.

in a recent paper to the Society for the sxudy of Addiction. Dr. Ronathan Gould summarized the result achieved with concrzizrated vitamin pieparatlons at a large London teaching hospital. The treatment quickly restored alco- holics and "dope fiends" from comatose states to normal aware- ness and full activity. Equally dramatic was the response of a 40- year-old man who contracted sev- ere influenza, which aggravated a chronic inflammation in his nasal passages.

The preparation is not so much a drug for the direct treatment of influenza as a nutritive stimulus that enables the brain and nerve cells to regain full vigour after be- ing attacked by the influenza virus. and. perhaps, by depression and the generally debilitating effects of winter. The new preparation has yet to prove itself in general pract- ice. but it will have a. bright future if it can do as much as is now hop- ed to raise the body's natural rs- sistanos to disease. i

Last year. arrangements for lsrge-scale tests of vaccination against influenza were made by the British Medical Research council. were carried out in 12! centres throughout Britain. The vaocineoused were designed to im- munlse the volunteers against the lnfluenss Virus A-the type cousin the most serious epidemics an losses to industry. In the trials it was found possible to obtain the equivalent of a 40 per cent reduc- tion In influense In two comparable

From the end of Nov

.wlthpropertydsmagefi-onicol-Imtllrol.

ye-runountins

THE WAY I

The law against misrepresenta- tion of furs keeps only people, not animals, from being skinned. - Sudbury Daily Star.

We puspect that the punsters will soon be having fun with the name of Anthony Nutting, Britain's chief U. N. delegate particularly since Downing Street has taken the unusual step of qualifying state- ments made by Mr. Nuttlng in New York. Brooklyn. no doubt. will in future consider his pronounce- ments "strictly from Nuttin'." - Vancouver Province.

Exhaust pipee may easily be- come clogged from mud. or even ice and snow e and in old model cars it seems easier fbr the poison- ous fumes to seep through the floor boards and take their dead- ly toll before the occupants are aware of what is happening. About the only way of making sure of not being. a victim of this type of silent death is for persons not to remain in parked cars with the- motnr running and the windows closed. - Brockville Recorder and Times.

Britain is taking drastic steps to reduce the number of traffic accidents. And the pedestrian and the cyclist are to bear their share of the responsibility. Under a new bill in Parliament a pedestrian who disregards a policelhan's traf- fic direction will be llable to a fine of 375. A cyclist found guilty of riding carelessly, recklessly or dangerously will be liable to a fine of sI00, or go to jail for six months. Persons disqualified for dangerous drlvlnglor driving under the in- fluence Oi alcohol will face stiff driving tests before getting their licences back under the bill'whlch has yet to be approved by Parl- iament. If the bill is passed, which it probably will be. "that should learn them."- St. Thomas Times- Journal.

Vuw E 9oe&i'6vm

False dreams, all false.

mad heart, were yours. The world, and nought else, in time endures.

Not you long after. perished and mute,

will last. but the deftes Viol and lute.

sweetly they'll trouble

the listeners

with the cold dropped pebble of painless verse.

Not you will be offered,

but the poet's false pain. xvii; lliiavetlovfd alrrvd suffered. m ear va . ' what love. doth Helen , or Paris have

Where they lie still in

a nameless grave? . Here heauty's. a wraith,

and the boy Perl)

muffles in death a his month's cold cherries... Yes! these are less . that were love's summer. ”2"l..”llf. El”li ”'”"'

o o n omer.

Not Helen's wonder

nor Paris stirs,

but the bright, Imiende:-1 heasmeters. .

is nothing made, , but a star to flash in Iliad

sn . Med hurt. you were wrong: , No love of yours.

but only what's lung.

when 'iove's over, endures.

I --1-iumbert Wolfe.

The Age Old Story

The high esteem in which Can- ada ls held is stpadily rising. so that even our diplomatic officials are constantly being surpnised by new manifestations of it.

How

or other ally. .”.What does Canada think about so-and-so or such-and- such a question?" The interrcga. tors. l quickly realised. were sin. cerely anxious to know -i and per.

much more so would --the average reader of this paper be surprised. and modestly pleased, to find the admiration and respect with which men of lesser breed would regard him if he were to visit those other countries.

As a nation, we are perhaps un- aware of the full extent of and growth over the past fifteen years. I therefore make no apology for writing this to tell you what other countries are today thinking about you, although you may not think

hops to thinks

CODY - what Canada

Canada could today be a very

great influence in international af- fairs. ready and anxious us heed advice and follow our lead." pnly question-is whether w. H, sufficiently aware that..the diplo- matic ball is at our feet.

other nations are our

The

This attitude in other countries

is crystallised already in one im- portant respect: Canada will no be allowed to keep Mike Pcagsoi

it of yourself.

too

to herself because bigger jobs s. wait him. Most immediately, the" is irresistible and unanimous de.

1' p!

Scholarships

t (Mail and Empire)

The Dominion Bureau of Statis- tics reports there are 645 awards

' tending institutions of higher learn-

for postgraduate study and research open to Canadians. Of these, 266 are from the United States, l65 from

the United Kingdom. 11! from Canadian sources, and thirteen from the United Nations and its agencies. Most of the scholarships are offered by univerdlties, private trust funds, industries and Govern- ments in twenty-two countries.

Of those offered in Canada. which have a total value of more than 83 million, seventy-six are provided by universities. or from tnist funds set up by private individuals and ad- ministered through universities. forty-six by private societies and associations, and twenty-one by in- dustries. -

This leaves the very small re- mainder of twenty-eight, provided by Governments; since the Domin- ion Government, in particular, is a direct beneficiary of higher educa- tion in almost every way. it is dis- graceful that it provides so little for the support of promising young, people who are able to take ad- vanced study in various fields, Or have the special talent for researcn. A small number of scholarships are provided by the Department of Ex- ternal Affairs: some others by the National Research Council. and a handful from other branches of the Government. But not all the twen- ty-elght may be traced to the Dom- inion Government alone. A number are also provided by the Province of Quebec, to encourage intellectual and artistic achievement in that Province.

In comparison wlththe policy fol- lowed by the Governments of Great Britain and the United States, not to mention many lesser nations, Canada's support of scholarship and research is niggardly and shortslghted. Even the sums which are provldedfor research, mostly dhpersed to universities. are un- certain and insufficient. Except for the Government's general grant tto higher education, which is uncon- ditional and highly praiseworthy, research funds are provided on a project basis, and as a result there is a maximum waste of effort, time and talent for the results achieved. What is needed is some regular, systematised basis of providing lllch flmdx. so that universities may plan their research and create fnd maintain trained staffs to do

t

This, valuable as it might be. is not the whole ne.d, however. where is an urgent necessity for a broad program of direct aid to needy students, to ensure that talent is developed to the utmost degree. By far the majority of all student at-

ing in Great Britain are receiving Government - provided assistance. only a tiny minority in this coun- try are assisted by scholarships. Since the present tax policy pre- cludes the building up of large an- dowments from private sources. the only alternative is a Government-

sponsored scholarship program Only with such a scheme might this country stand on its own feet in respect to .the dsvelownent of Canadian talent and intellectual ability.

mcnassa CONTRIBUTION!

TORONTO (cp),- The United Church of Canada reported Tuesday ill Cimlrelaiions have contributed another 37.600 to the Ontario Hur- ricane Rellef Fund. Total now given 5! "the United Chuch to ,th V 1. sumo. ' '"'"'

liotrlgerstlss C levels! To as llshs , saus s snavlpn

moral”! ,

In the field of diplomacy, Can- ada enioys a quite unique position, through facts of geography and history. Field Marshal Montgomery called us the hinge of purest gold between the.old world and the new. More specifically, we have been truly described as the key- stone of the arch between Britain and the United States. Our position as a member of the Common- wealth and as a North American nation thrusts that.role upon us. We have accepted it with grace and courage, and play it manfully. History gives us a link with France, and this is perhaps the part of our birthright of which we make less