THE GUARDIAN

llarllal Dilly (Founded lb llfl) Lilharllcd an eloeaad Clan llllL Pant 011100 Depprtmant, Olllwl. The llllnd (llllldllll Pabliohlnl CI. llltor and llannglal Dire-aloe, J. l4. Barnett- Aeaoclnln Ililltar, Iran! Walker.

"The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest ink."

CHABLOTTETOWN, THURSDAY, JULY 7, 1949

Headlight Glare

An editorial in the June issue of Canadian Automotive Trade makes a strong attack on the iver-increasing night driving problem of head- light glare.

This item, appearing in a leading automo- tive trade paper, states that headlight glare has been with us more than a quarter of a century, and get to be more of a public menace every year. With over 2,000,000 vehicles on the high- ways and roads of our Dominion, the headlight hazard is classed as Public Enemy No. I of the night driver. The magazine points out that head- light manufacturers appear interested only in getting more illumination from lights, and do not worry too much about controlling the causes of glare. Lighting has not kept pace in safety and efficiency with other automotive improvements, it claims.

In addition to criticizing present designs of lenses and reflectors as being glare producers, forceful attention is drawn to the inadequate methods used by both manufacturers and ser- vice departments in aiming headlights, resulting in "light in the trees instead of on the road." ilt would appear that a few design changes, coupled with controlled aiming with the vehicle loaded, would greatly reduce the glare hazard.

The editorial also suggests a review of legis- lotion governing headlight aiming, pointing out that existing regulations are antiquated and worthless when applied to present-day vehicles with their variation in headlight heights.

Last To Parliament

The Winnipeg Free Press (Liberal) is already beginning to note some of the unfortunate fea- tures of the Liberal victory of June 27.

Among the defeated members of the last Par- .Iiament, it says, are men of great capacity and integrity whose presence in the House of Com- mons will be sorely missed. lt adds: "The first among these is Mr. J. M. Macdonnell, defeated in Parry Sound-Muskoka. Mr. Macdonnell is an outstanding business man, with wide experience in international affairs. He was the Conservative financial critic in the last Parliament and cer- -tainly would have been the Minister of Finance in a Conservative Government, had the election resulted differently. His constituency-of Muskoka was joined with Parry Sound in the pre-election redistribution, and this may have been a contribu- tory factor. But however that may be, Mr. Mac- donnell's defeat is a real loss to our public life.

"Another regrettable casualty is Mr. J. R. MacNicol, Conservative, of Toronto-Davenport. Mr. MacNicol is one of the old guard, having entered Parliament in i930. He, also, is a retired business man who, in his later years, has sought to serve his country in Parliament. Mr. MacNicol at one time was a rather keen partisan. lt was as such that he organized the i927 convention of the party held in Winnipeg. But in later years

he outgrew partisanship and took the whole of this country as his constituency. No public man has studied our national problems more intensely and objectively.

"Yet another outstanding casualty of the lection is Mr. John Hackett of Stanstead, Que- ec. Mr. Hackett is a brilliant lawyer, a former resident of the Canadian Bar Association. He made a unique contribution to the business of Parliament. "Others might be mentioned. But these will show that the victory, while greatly to be prized, is not all gain."

Senate Reform

ln the Senate of I02 members there are now 73 Liberals and I5 Progressive Conserva- tives. There are i4 vacancies, and so when ML St. Laurent fills them with Libzrnls, as of course he will, the Senate will have 87 Liberals and I5 Conservatives.

Four more years of Liberal-party govern-

ment will still further distort the picture, observes

the Ottawa Journal. No Conservative has been named to the Senate since I935, and the mor-

tality rate among the older members of the Up-

per House is high. Thus by i953 that body will be almost solidly Liberal, which is a conditio

that certainly does not conform to its traditional

functions, to its place in our constitution.

"Reform" of the Senate has become a by- word, almost a joke but it is, or should be, ser- ious business. Mr. St. Laurent, with large majori- ties in both Houses of Parliament, is peculiarly fitted to deal with the situation if he will take it up from the brood standpoint of the national

interest and not from any narrow partisanship.

liost 0f Cigarettes

A writer in the Windsor Star has recently drawn attention to the exorbitant tax now being paid on Canadian cigarettes. Visitors to the U.S. are, of course, well aware that popular U. S. brands are retailing at i9 and 20 cents for a package of 20; while Canadian brands retail, ex- for 35 cents for 20. In Que- I tax raises the price to 38

cepting in Quebec, bec a special provincia cents a package.

The reason?

20 cents per package some net cost still be a 6 I-2 cent

rough-hewii examples will illustrate what a and direction of currents at varying stages of I m 1 gougor this tax really ls. It is practically the the tide. It is anticipated this work will save iiisuheeiiin ‘fiigrienwefgdullo equivalent of a $33M tax on o $2,000 car, or thousands of pounds which must now be spent "I, m" 111w! ll "brewttltl-

etc , 116 grist mills, 27 carding

fair case for a reduction of the tax and thus

The present Canadian tax is 2i I-2 cents per package. If cigarettes sold for of 20, there would at the tax-which would be in the neighborhood of 50 per cent. of the net cost of the product. Says the Star: "A few

year is approximately $78.40. This . . . is $3.40 greater than the income tax a single man will pay on I949 earnings of $1,500, or about equal to the tcix a married man, with two dependants, will pay on earnings of $2,800."

Canada, of course, has neither the mass market nor the tax resources that would enable this country to reduce the cost of cigarettes to the level of the price in the United States. But the Star, by placing the rate of taxation on cig- arettes in the above perspective, makes out a

the cost of cigarettes in Canada.

IEDITORIAL NOTES!

Uur fresh luscious strawberries are tempting the appetites of Montrealers and their tourists these days.

own

Welcome to the Women's Institutes, the Third Estate in this Province of unicameral gov-

ernment.

i I i

We are constantly warned of the danger of contracting this disease or that. lt is reassuring to see the odds quoted by Lloyds against catch- ing infantile paralysis, smallpox or typhoid- i,000 to one.

U I U

The most puzzled people over the Small- wood case which opens in St. John's today must be the world's remaining dictators. To them the spectacle of the practical h-ead of a government standing trial must be incomprehensible.

w . a

All our farm produce is booming, the re- ports from all sections of the Department of Agriculture indicating that prices are exception- ally good and demand correspondingly so. ln the matter of live stock, however, not a few farm- ers are holding in expectation of still higher prices. I U U

Professor Latimer of Macdonald College should feel quite at home on his revisit to our lsland. He may be looked upon as the legiti- mate successor of the late Professor Robertson, the father of mixed farming with emphasis on dairying, which has brought prosperity to our farmers in spite of severe transportation handi- caps.

U Q I The Union Jack on a pale blue background surrounded by the words "From Britain" is a new symbol which will shortly identify United and will be readily adapted to a wide range of United Kingdom exports were known wherever they went by the slogan "Britain delivers the goods." Now peacetime merchandise is to have its slogan, which made its first appearance -at this year's Toronto international Trade fair. i i i!

Premier Smallwood, from the other Canad- ian island Province, is assured of a hearty wel- come here. Our interests are largely common, and there is plenty opportunity for developing further -trade relations between us. Now with direct P. E. I. steamer service, and con- venient P. E. l. air service, the two Island Pro- vinces should fit into the Dominion picture ad- mirably.

Sir Thomas More, English writer and states- man, died this date I535. After Wolsey’s disgrace, More, much against his will was made Lord Chancellor of England in i529, an office he filled admirably. In i532, he resigned, because of Henry Vl~l~l's breach with Rome; refused to acknowledge Henry's claim to title of head of the Church, and was imprisoned, tried for high treason and executed. His works include Utopia, History of King Richard ll'l. He was a friend of Erasmus, from whose letters we glean many de- lails concerning his life. More was beatified by the R. C. church in i886.

i‘ i

1r w

To every Guardian reader, and to many oth- ers throughout the Maritime Provinces, the name of R. T. Holman Company Ltd. is a household word. It has stood for more years than any of us can rem-em-ber as a symbol of mercantile enter- prise in this Province. This week the firm is cele- brating its ninety-second anniversary, and spec- ial anniverary sales will continue until Sat- urday evening. The success of these sales in the past has been noteworthy, especially last year's, which eclipsed previous records. This year the prospects are equally promising, and as will be noted in the advertising columns, free train and bus fares are being provided for the convenience of patrons.

U I U

Here is interesting news to us who are still waiting our Diesel engine outfit. British Railways have announced the construction of a novel diesel-driven locomotive in which power from the engine is transmitted mechanically to the driving wheels instead of being eledtrically trans- mitted as in the majority of other existing main line diesel locomotives. It is lighter in weight while power losses in transmission will be less. Another advantage is that clue to the compar- atively light load on the axles, the locombtive will be able to run over most mainline routes and will be readily adapted to a wide range of duties from heavy goods to high-speed express passenger services. The locomotive is expected to be ready for trials lath: early part of next year.

fl

Northumberland Ferries, Ltd., who have their dredging troubles will appreciate this, though the delay in accomplishment may be as long as Government action. A scientific survey of the River Thames has iust been started which will take about three yeors to complete. it is being made Ivy a team of experts from the Department of Scientific and Industrial Research among whom are chemists, hydrogrophers, divers and dredgermen. Their detailed investigations will cover about 60 miles of the river's course. They will study causes of siiting and chart the speed

THE GUARDIAN. CHARLOTTETOWN

Orphan ilhllrlron Appreciate The Interest 0f Their Friends

v<<_.

THE ROLLING ENGLISH ROAD

Before tho Roman came to Rye or out to Severn strode,

The rolling English drunkard made the rolling English road.

A reeling road, a rolling road. that rambles round the shire, And after him the person ran, the sexion and ehe squire;

A merry road, a mazy road, and such as we did tread

The night we werit. to Birmingham by way of Beachy Head.

I knew no harm of Bonaparte and plenty of the Squire,

And for to fight. the Frenohman I did not much desire;

But I did bash their baggonets be- cause theycnme arrayed

To straighten out the‘ crooked road an English drunkard made,

Where you and I went down the lane with ale-mugs 1n our hands,

The night. we went to Glastonbury by way of Goodwin sands.

His sins they were forgiven hlm; or why do flowers run Behind hiirii; and the hedges all strengthening in the sun? The wild thing went fro-m loft to right and knew not which was which,

But the wild rose was above him when they found him in the ditch.

God pardon us, nor harden us; we did not. see so clear

The night we went to Bannoclabisrn by way of Brighton Pier" My friends. we will not go again or ape an ancient rage.

Or stretch the folly of our youth to be the shame of age,

But walk with clearer eyes and ears this path that. wan- dereth,

And see undrugged in evening light the decent inn of death;

For there ls good news yet to hear and fine things to be seen, Before we go to Paradise by way of Kensal Green

--G. K. Chesterton.

DWQOQOO} i Old Charlottetown (And r. r. n

THE 1848 CENSUS

An abstract of the census of tho population of Prince Edward Island in 1848 gives an Interesting pic- ture of the Island as lt. was a cen- tury ago.

The total population at. that time was 62,687, representing an in- crease of 15,644'wlthIn a period of 7 years. By Counties the figures were: Prince, 15,142; Queen's, 32,- 111; King's, 62,678. The largest number of Inhabitants were In Sec-

“Newfoundland: An Economic Survey"

(Monthly Review of The Bank of Nova Scolla.)

“At the time of confederation with Canada. the economic pic- ture in Newfoundland was a rela- tive bright one" says the current. Monthly Review of The Bank of Nova Scotia, which deals with re- cent and current business condi- tions in the new Province and gives some consideration to the more immediate effects of confed- eration upon its economy.

Since the end of the war the economy has been operating at. a high level, says the Review. In- ternational exchange difficulties have been disturbing, but they have been minimized by the fact that the country's exports were largely scarce commodities in the postwar world. Thus, though jm- ports of Newfoundland pulp and paper to Britain have been severe- ly restricted, the large demand in the United States has absorbed all that could be produced. Similar- ly markets for iron are and base metals have been receptive.

More important. the over-all demand for fishery products has remained large, ‘but here the sit- uation has been more complicated. Lack of British dollar purchasing power has been directly felt in the cessation of contracts for fro- zen fish and, though larger ex- ports to the United States have been an offsetting factor, output has been well below the peak lov- els of I944 and 1945. In the salt fish trade, where sterling-area markets are important and Medi- terranean countries like Spain and Portugal were accustomed to pay- ing in sterling and are short of dollars. the suspension of sterling convertibility in i947 was disturb- ing. However. these difficulties were overcome by special ar- rangements under which the ster- ling proceeds of some such sales were accumulated against the Newfoundland sterling debt, tho Newfoundland Government pro- viding the equivalent dollars to exporters from its accumulated surpluses. By this arrangement, (and a similar one ls to continue for another year under the terms of Union with Canadal and be- cause of strong demands in other markets together with substantial purchases under the European Re- covery Program by Italy 111111 Greece. exports of salt cod have been large and prices have re- malned high. "The fact is." says the Review ."lhat this fnod pro- duct has continued in very short supply. Consequently the New- foundland product Is In a favor- able position and the near-term market nullnok ls good."

Though the Review finds the Immediate prospects_ for New- foundland’: basic Industries to be

447, they numbered

The religious follows:

and Queens, 10,454; number ln Prlncetown and Royalty, In Charlottetown and Royalty Indian population was 320.

Church nf England, 6530;

reasonably good. there are certain shadows on the horizon. In the main these are the some difficul- ties and uncertainties as those which have affected the export industries of the rest of Canadu— the continued exchange problem8

the smallest

4.717. The tom

affiliation wal as

Free Church, 4071; Kirk of Scot- land, 9895; Presbytery of P. E. Is- land, 6436; Roman Catholic, 27.147; Methodists, 3659; Baptists, 2900; Bible Christians, 1275; Quakers, 1; Jews 1; Universallsts, 12; Mor- mons, G1; Unltnrlans, 6; other de- nominations, 250; religious profes- sion not stated, 104.

By racial origin the population was thus divided: England, 2997; Scotland. 6736; Ireland, 6407; Brit- ish Colonies, 2086; P. E. Island 43.875: other countries, 211.

284,649 acres of land on the Is- land were held in 1848 under fee simple; 330,926 under lease, 31,312 by written rlemlses, 38,783 by ver- bal agreement, 65.434 by occu- pants not freeholdern or tenants,

The acres of arable land at this time were 215.389. representing an increase of 141.580 acres since 1841. 21,091 acres were sown to wheat. 5894 to barley, 43.520 to oats, 11,- 597 to potatoes, rind 2420 to tur- nips. The livestock totalled 12.845 horses, 49,310 neat cattle, 92,785 sheep, and 19,863 hogl.

There were 109 churches on the Island 1n 1848 (en Increase of 34

on $00 tax on o $50 suit. For the person who smokes e package‘ e day, the tax collected in a

in constant dredging to ensure that the river channels are hop} open for shipping.

mills, 139 saw mills and 246 thresh-

which are disturbing International trade. the fact that the U. S. mar- ket for primary products has re- cently ceased to expand. and the weakening world price structure for foods. metals and forest pro- ducts. However. Newfoundland has as yet experienced the effects of this situation Io only a sll5i111 degree.

Thus. chiefly ris a result of the very large program of investment In defense facilities by the Allied Governments —- which brought a profound change" in the eeflnflmk? climate of Newfoundland durlnl the wnr —- and the heavy war and post-war demand for her products ni. high prices, Newfoundland has experienced ii sharp increase In her national Income. Estimates suggest that the order of the in- crease wee from e 1036-39 average nf nerhans $45 millions to about 31in million! in 1945 and S120 millions. in 1848. Of course. there were large, partially offsetting in- creases in prices and coats. Gen- eral price Indexes are lacking. but --. h-rlesr of‘ thr- cost of living In St. John's, based on October 10311 as ‘I00. avercecrl about 1110 In 1945

‘Inadequate Alibi

(Winnipeg ‘Free Prue)

The prize for the lllllelt allbl for defeat In the recent election goes to Premier T. C. Douglas of Saskatchewan. The C. C. F. in that province was cut down from 18 to one third. or less. Failure In Saskatchewan, the ‘only province which has had the experience of being governed by the C.C.F., was the chic! factor In the izenerel collapse of the C.C.F. Mr. Douglas now comes along to say that "heavy reins In the northern part of Saskatchewan" are responsible "for the C.C.F. losing rural seats in the federal election."

In a word. one good summer rain sufficed to wash away Mr. Douglas and his party.

During the battle of the bulge In December 1944, the Allied Com- manders in explaining their re- treat said rriuch about the snow and the fag. Commenting upon these alibls, General Pershing made the remark-“What 81301111 the enemy? Is there different weather nn the other side of the fighting line?"

Dries Mr. Douglas sullgfisf 1113i nn ill-favored providence directed the rain only upon C.C.F. voters?

Tributes Paid To Late Ottawa Journalist

WINNIPEG, July 4—-(CP)—_Vic- tor Siftari, publisher of the Winni- peg Free Press and president of the Canadian Press, said today P~ D- Ross, president. of the Ottawaxlour- “needs no monument. 111$

nnl, 4 _ d life rind activities having create‘ one in the Journal. "1100" 1111119"

he put. the stnmP 01 1115 °“'" fell‘ crous flfld forthright character- Mr, Ross died in Ottawa today- Iilr. Stitch's tribute:

"The passing of P. D. Ross brings to a close not only one of the most outstanding but one of the 10111295! careers in Canadian 101111151151“- Durlng the G3 years that he p111)- lishcd the Ottn a Journal he n0! only maintained he highest 111111‘ rgiplcg of journalism but frequently established standards which We"! not only the admiration bu! 11150 the envy of his contemporaries. "He. was the friend of all 50011 causes and the lender ‘in mnrly- 11° needs no monument, but hi5 111‘! and activities have created one m the Ottawa Journal upon which he put the stamp of his own B91191‘- ous and forthright character. "Both as n colleague and as a competitor Mr. Ross earned the re- spect and affection of newfllwl!" men throughout. the Dominion. I-Ill death ls a great loss to the ficld of Canadian daily newspaper‘ 111111" llcntlon."