lPAGE roux THE GUARDIAN

Morning Dally (Founded its 188W Authorized as Second Class Mall, Post. Office Department, Ottawa.

President, Ian A. Burnett; ViN-PfI-‘Sldflll. Wm. R- Burnett; Secyu-Treau, G. M. Burnett; Editor and Managing Director, J. R. Burnett; Associate Editor, Frank Walker.

ship the city lost that $10,000 of revenue.

"These are among the questions which will be examined. It is important that they be answer- ed."

As the Free Pfe§s further points out, "a publicly owned business in competition with priv- ate concerns should pay the same tax-es." Under the present system, or rather lack of system, very few of them do. Not only is this unfair from the economic standpoint but often the automatic tax-saving of the publicly owned enterprises is cited as'an example of the greater efficiency of such organizations over their private competitors. ln other cases the tax saving is actually used to cover up higher costs of less efficient public 0p- eraticn.

A I "The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than , the Weakest lnk."

CHABLOTTETOWN, WEDNESDAY, OCTOBER l.

Farming llnd Trade

The need of soil conservation was striking- ly emphasizcd in a recent address by Dr. Hugh Bennett, chief of the United States Soil Con- servation Service. Dr. Bennett said that 50 million acres of United States crop lands had been lost, practically beyond repair; another 50 llllllloll u?“ hill sllfleled wlllllsl uihlcllllililgbfro-T the Home Fleetls month long autumn cruise lezlgllnslllullcrlzs olzlued lllgstllzrsallliusgqlfillgtterto thlrlgle: has been cancelled in order to conserve fuel. A . ' I i t I quarters of |ts_ top soil. About three brlllron tins Perhaps the most pmdiqfl suggestion ‘o’ °i 9°°d Alllellcllll l? Rllllhwele elllg c?" elary immediately increasing the supply of edible fats all? lllleflléllfllgilnllrlnlmnlc txllgugkzllga olnlsldesl: for world consumption is that treaty restrictions dellkglslillilplhe VGU” of Meyxko on whaling be temporarily lifted.

"Th". Anz-erican people have left about three 0 ll ll y and a third acres per person, that is, agricul- turel acres per person," Dr. Bennett states. "They cannot see how they can support their present population and provide them with meat, butter, eggs, cereals, fruit and vegetables, every- »' thing that it takes to keep the human carcass going, on less than three and a third acres per person."

There were, of course, people living in some parts of the world on two acres, or even one acre, but they do not live by American stand- ards, "and those are the standards we are fighting to protect."

Of the over-all world picture, a Canadian commentator on the above statement has this to say: There ore about 4,000 million crop acres in the world, with which to feed 2,000 million people. This works out at two lacres per person, in contrast to three and a third acres per person in the United States and about seven acres per person in Canada. If the world distribution was completely equitable, there would be at most two acres per person, and that will not provide the kind of diet that the food conference, meet- ing at Hot Springs in i943, laid down as a mini- mum. So that there cannot be real surpluses: there can only be stocks temporarily prevented by trade barriers, transportation barriers,‘ political barriers or some other obstacle from being dis- tributed and fed.

The point which has puzzled many students of economy is touched upon in this report. lf a country like the United States uses three and a third acres, if there is only an average of two acres each over the whole world, and, if, conse- quently, many people must be existing on the pro- duct of one acre or very little more, what keeps to many people in the world alive? The ans- wer lies in the capacaity of the human being to turn vegetarian under pain of necessity and keep body and soul together on a slim diet of potatoes, rice, bananas or other starchy food.

- EDITORIAL NOTES -

All is quiet on the labour front.

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The British Admiralty has announced that

"-61. -. 3-; l.

With the announcement of American re- striztrons on communist journalists covering the U. N. Assembly it would seem that the lron Curtain is going to have what the Russians may well call a golden counterpart.

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We are drifting towards an economic revolu- tion not only in Britain, but in the Dominions and U. S. A. as well. Here, accustomed as we are to law and order, we are likely to pass from the old to the new without serious disturbance of any kind.

The officer cadet who "lifted" Monty's famous beret while the Field Marshal was vis- iting Sandhurst will probably himself become a great soldier-if his career is not abruptly end- ed by expulsion before it is well b-egun.

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The largest gathering of the world's surg- eons seen for a quarter of a century has just been held in Britain. lt was the twelfth Con- gress of the International Society of Surgery which took place in London from September l5th to 20th. Representatives from more than 40 countries joined in the discussions. During the Conference the overseas visitors were given an opportunity of seeing how the big London hos- pitals are organized.

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The visit of Hon. Gaspard Fateux, Speaker of the House of Commons, and Dr. Arthur Beau- chesne, chief clerk of the House of Commons to the Mother of Parliaments is expected to result in a revision of the rules of the Canadian House. At present the rules of the Canadian Common." do not provide, except by the closure, for drastic limitation of debate such as is available to the United Kingdom Government. A probable recom- mendation is the fixing beforehand of the num- bor of sittings reserved for the discussion of a certain measure.

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elm-rank eézrtv.

Benjamin Jowell, Anglican scholar and div- ine, died this date 1893; was professor of Greek at Oxford, Balliol College, in i855, and Master of Balliol in i876; was under suspicion of heresey in the seventies, because of his lib-eral views in theology, but was immensely popular with the younger generation with whom he had enormous influence at Oxford; was one of the contributors to the famous Essays and Reviews of i860, but is best known for his translations of Plato, Aris-

. . . . . totle, and Thucydides: "Young men make great Canadian Nlllllolllll Runways was llle lllll lllll' mistakes in life; for'one thing they idealize love

way in the world to operate two-way telephone r h” service from moving trains, inaugurating it in the 0° m“ l o w Ir w spring of i930. The service was later dropped as a depression economy before being fully develop- ed, and has never been revived. Now the serv- rcelberng’ established in the U. S. is being hailed as first’ and being accepted as such by a for- getful public on both sides of the border.

ln this and other fields of scientific pro- gress and industrial development Canadian ent- erpr:se has often provided the initiative, or has! achieved the first practical actuality. But be- cause of a restricted. market in this country and lac-s of sufficient financing, the full flow-ering of the advance has occurred elsewhere and the crzolit fcr it frequently as:ribed outside of Can-

Where Canada Ploneered

The announced introduction of telephone servic: to and from railway trains on the New York-Washington run marks a renewed advance in mobile communication in which Canada pion- cored, but has left to others to bring to fruita- tron.

According to the Montreal Gazette, the

The Synod of the Maritime Provinces held a session in Zion Church in l934-thirteen years ago--not 20 years ago as previously stated. In I940 Rev. G. Carlyle Webster of Zion was chosen Moderator at the Summcrside Synod. The Moderator of the General Assembly, Rev. Dr. MacDonald of Lucknow, Ont., will be present and address the Synod next week. Under a new arrangement, the Moderator will not attempt to VlSil’ every Presbytery in his year of office, but alternate Moderators will concentrate on the West and East. Dr. Macdonald will direct his _ _ _ itinerary to the West, but on account of having ado. The telephone itself, for instance, was in- ‘ ten days at his disposal before setting forth, he vented and first tested lfI Brantford, Ont., but has agreed to fill certain engagements in the rs srrll thought by many Americans and even Maritimes, including his visit to the Synod. As

some Canadians to have originated in the U.S. [he is pronouncedly a "country minister" it has Canadiansybc-en arranged that while here he should con-Q

The moral seems to be that should cultivate their discoveries more energetic- duct services at Tryon, Alberton and Bmokliuld ally when they break new ground, or else should lbesrdes addressing the Synod. crow more loudly about their achievements. s - ~ a

lt still depends largely on whose ox has been gored. lt is rumoured (says Letter Review) that some D P girls, brought in specifically to correct the shortage of domestic help, in private homes and institutions, have been promptly grabbed by officials at Ottawa, whose wives are as overworked as those of other citizens. The supply is a trickle compared with the demand. Someone has to get first choice. ln the days of freedom, the man who most suc- cessfully gove the people the goods and services which they wanted became the wealthiest; had first choice. Underlour present system, the man who succeeds in getting the most important Gov- ernment post may not have the most money, but he has the most power. To him will go first choice. Mr. Caldwell is stated in the press to be the only non-official person who has been favoured in this respect. The Socialist leader deserverevery consideration of his domestic nac- c-ssnrss, and any immigrant girl wilhbe fortun- ate to b: placed in his home, but it is difficult to reconcile this with the bitter CCF criticism of Mr; L. Dionne, M.P., for, obtaining some Etltoplflll girls for work under exceptionally gopd conditions. Perhaps Socialist principles re- quire that only Socialist: and Government offi- cials shall be favoured in this way.

Getting After ilivlc Taxes

Winnipeg has set an example to other muni- cipalities by ordering an investigation of tax exemption on real estate. ln that city, as in scores of others throughout the country, there is muchprop-erty and business, publicly owned or adm nistercd, that either pays no tax at all or merely a nominal sum for police and fire protec- tian. Practically the whole burden of municipal taxes falls on private property owners and busi- ness. The position is outlined by the Winnipeg Free Press which states:

"The issue becomes important when the gradual extension of government into fields of commercial enterprise is considered. For ex- ample, up to a year ago, the city of Winnipeg Vlul dcrivirg some $10,000 annually in realty taxes from the Wheat Pooli building on Main Street. Then the building was sold by it: private 07am (who hadJediud it to the Pool organiza- tions) to the Dominion Government. The Wheat

_ loatd, which already occupied several floors, . needed extra space; hence the transaction. Actu- ally Pthlre has been no important change -i|| tenancy so far, but with the change of owner-

'I_‘_H_E_GUARDIAN,_CHARLO'I‘TETOWN_

The Flaherlea Department which has “paved the way for export o! Canadian plnk salmon to any spot ln the world," might now give a little thought to getting some red salmon on the shelves of Canada's grocery stores. - Ottawa Journal.

A baby girl horn during the height. of the Florida hurricane has been named Gale. No doubt she'll appreciate this parental sel- ez-tlon a few years hence. if her friends start calling her "Windy." -Wlnclsor Star.

Professor N. F. Mott. British atom scientist, states that. Great Britain wlll have to decide soon

i whether to llne up with America

against Russia or put. her faith 1n some international authority for the control of atomic power be- cause she could never hope b0 de- feat Russia by herself 1n an atomic war. She must also decide soon whether to use her slowly growing pllES of plutonium for bombs or for the production of power be- cause they cannot be used for both, he added-Mansion Times.

While the waterway! develop-

ment. still ls in the offing, the de- partment of public works would be wlse to save its energy. Plans for the control dam ln the Iro- quols area’ as prepared by United States army engineers, cell for the surfacing of the top of it to carry vehicular traffic. Then. of course. there is another plan for a. bridge or tunnel at. Prescott. prepared by private interests. Before long. the 5t. Lawrence River in this area lnay look like the main street. of Venice. - Cornwall standard-Free- holder. A day ago I sat at a luncheon of the Overseas Press Club and beard Henry sbaplro. UP corm- pondent 1n Moscow, recount what press censorship means ln Russia. You write your story. he says, and hand. 1t. tnto the censors office. You get a receipt for ft. and that's. the last you ever hear about ft un- less you get a copy of the P5P" you're wrltlng for and flnd it printed. Henry says that Russ" dlstrusts American correspondents so much that there are dnly seven American newsmen sending des- patches from the 05.5.12. — All“! Hughes, New York Columnist.

A United Nations car pulled llll in front. of a midtown hotel one afternoon last. week and four Far Eastern delegates got. out. The one who brought. up the rear handed the doorman a tip. smiled broadly at hlm, and spoke a few words in i115 native tongue. "Indeed it ll. sir," responded the doorman heart- l]y_ "A grand day." The chauffeur, also an Or-lentak of the United Na- tions car thereupon felt obliged to make an explanation to the doorman. "That man not talkua- bout the weather." he i014 hlm- He gay, ‘Last, man out. always stuck for tlp."'—New Yorker.

In Britain during the war. nun! people volunteered for work before

they were drafted. Housewives went into factories. 01d" m?“ joined the Home Guard, and

school-chlldren collected salvage. Today, ln the most difficult econ- omlc crlsls Britain has known, the volunteering spirit, is still very mum alive, ‘Typical of this spirit n the action of 43-year-old A1150" Lee, rector of Claxby. He has writ- ten the National Coal Board offer- lug his services as a mine!‘ "Om Monday to Friday each week- HQ intends still to prepare his ser- mons and take the services 1n his two parishes on sunolaY- 1*- ‘li ‘m’ n1 for Britain to have coal‘ said Mr. Lee "If ministers can help. it ls up to them to do it." -—B1'Bnd0!\ sun.

Nature offers a wide variety 0! luscious berries, observes The Kit.- chener Record. Usually there ere enough lockers and pickers. 50m! with wings and some with cm palla- The automobile allows berry hunt- ers to rover considerable territory m an afternoon, and the birds. B! course. have their 0W1’! feathered power plants and 10b! 0f 5113" time. Thus most of the berries 0n Nature's generous production llne gel: pretty well picked in their sea- son. But not. so the elderberry. Once again purplish-black, heavy- headed clusters. eight’. w l0 lllvhfl! broad are bending brittle branches of bushes edging creeksldes or llnlnl s-wampslde stone walls. Before sugar was rationed some M01116 turned the elderberry‘: juicy boun- ty mm wine. Yet. that. 1s not. the only use to which elderberrles can no n; mar).- a Waterloo Coun- ly hfluszv.’ e ts well aware. She knows that a pie ln which elder- inerrles and early apples are color- fully combined makes a tasty des- sert. even more flavorful than blueberry pie.

when Mra. l-l. W. Bennett died v-gcenbly in Ottawa ln her 95th. year, many people in Prescott and vlclnlty must have been reminded of the Messenger newspaper whlcn flourished in that. community to! many years, for her husband was its eater and under his direction the Messenger was a live and m- terestlng publication. In those days Prescott was a. two-paper town aa it has been for many, many years. Inevttsbly, however, the ‘day arriv- ed when, with increased coats, the town could not. support two pub- lications any more than Brockville could, and the Messenge passed from the mane as the Times did m the sister community. Brock- ville enjoyed a long succession of rivals to the Recorder. all of which finally gave way to it. Similar- ly. the Journal 1a the lone aurvi- vor of a series of weekly newspap- ers appealing to the public of Prescott and vicinity from the time Stephen llllel set up hll fttlt press in that town wall ovet a om- tury ago. and the Gananoqua Ra-

liotes 8y The Vlay j

Two qualities of the new moder- aim‘ of the Presbyterian Church 1n Canada stand out above {ll else. First he l; u Canadian through and through; his voice am: 1111mm!‘ Pm‘ claim ft. Smondly. he 1s a rural pastor. Perhaps "minister" 1s the correct term for a Presbyterian but pastor ls the word that bfsl? describes the type to which the Rev. chales H. MacDonald teZcnES-

An able preacher‘. he ls quite at. home ln the pulpit, A master of worship, he demonstrated his genius for this in the way he ceiebrated the Sacrament cf the Lords S-uppcr the morning after he was cl clrd to cfflco. Above all, hOIVBVBT. U19 new moderator is n friendly, warm- hearted man c~f God, able am‘.- wllllxrg to walk and talk with his people. Young anC old tvrfl t0 111m for counsel without embarrasiment of- fear of being reproved u" mis- undeatood.

11.9 Rev, Charles I-I. MacDonald gomeg o1 Bruce County stock. Ills father was born 1n Rosshlre. Scol- land, 1n 1851, and came to Cenadd with n15 pareflls at. two year-S 0f age. I-Ils grandfather was a HON mason, whose first. job 1n this coun- try was to build the abulmcnts of the first. railway bridge into Guelph. The mother of the moderator. Hw- l-lella Edgar, was born in Somer- set, England, in 1853. Her family, Methodist by faith, settled in Ox- forc- County Near Woodstock in 1354, but a year later moved to the Queen's Bush, a5 it was called 1n Bruce CountY- _

Grandfather MacDonald was one of the first elders of the krk at Teasdale when 1t was organized about. 1867. ‘Nae moceratofs father was also ordained an elder at. the early age of 30 years.

It ls not. surprising that a man of this background should enter the Presbyterian ministry. However the thoughts of Charles MacDonald dlc‘: not turn in that direction for some

‘ years, At the age of I2, when he

had obtained his high school en- trance certificate, he left sc-‘Acol to follow his father's vocation, that of farmer. Soon he was renting a farm for himself, and at 25 years of age he merrier;- a high School teacher from smlthvllle, the late Ellen Mar- tin. But young MacDonald was not haPPY on the land. One night at church he heard the Rev. Dr. Gray financial agent for Knox College, make an appeal for financial sup- port for the new college buldlng The MacDonalds, as tenant. farm- ers, had little to give 1n the way of money. But something awoke within the soul of this young man. Tibet night he announcer‘; his dec- ision to his wl.fe in the fall he would give up the farm and study for the ministry. Without. hesitation she pledged tier support.

The college ‘aufhoiltles were not so enthusiastic. They did lifeli- best, to discourage this 26-year-old farmer, pointing out. that he was married and had reached the age when most men are leaving college Moreover he had no high school standing.

Nothing daunted, Charles turned his attention to books once again I-fis wlfe was his willing tutor, and ihe enterel-g- Smlthvllle I-Iigh School the next. spring full qt‘ determina- tion. After less than four month; ln the classroom he tried and passed the Normal school entrance exam- ination, one of three ln a class of 1'1 who "were successful.

The next autumn young MacDon- ald entered the University of Toron- tu- ‘Time and money were important YIOEOTS. so he took a short course In Afll. which qualifier; hfm to en. ter thwlosy. but gave hlm no degree 31X Years later he was graduated from Knox College. Whut those years of loll meant to rhlm and his helpmotes only they will ever know but al a result the Presbyterian Church received a minister worthy 0f "I! oullins. a man of persistence and application.

Years after his mflliherhad (fled Charles MacDonald learned that rfle hac- ln early childhood dedic- ated her son to God, and that it was her cherished ambltlha that he Itwukl enter the minlat. ,. Only than did he realize the hidden “f” lhl! had driven him towards the cul. u» lnner r stleasness um took him from the rmn in one meme.

In Mar 1m me 701mg graduate was ordained at Oreemore. Ontar- io. Seven years later he moved in

called to the charge of Inrcknovr. and Dungannon. Ontario, Fcl- 3a rears he 1m ministered to these

porter has also triumphed over all

its adversarial throughout the years. _-nroekvl1le lucorder and‘ Times.

taro rural oonlrttatfcnn. , . But the new moderator’: int-nut.‘ have been vrfce and varied. Villln

4m donation he bu carved inn

A Brief Sketch of the Career of the new ‘ Presbyterian Moderator.

(DeCourcy I-l. Rayner 1n Saturday Night. Toronto]