MAY 9. 1949

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MONTREAL, May 6 —- l

The freighter Mont Gnspe, manned

by s crew of the Seafarers‘ national Union (A.F.L.)

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today ior European ports.

The

Montreal waterfront mained quiet under peaceful picket-

f8"

ing by members o! the Canadian

C?) -—

Inter- sailed

Seaman's Union railed the strike March 31 when eastern Canada shtpownera signed contracts with the B.I.U.

BY KEN REYNOLDS

(T.L 0,).

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i - NEWSY

\I\I\. Y

The woodpeckers, Plaid-lo, are a. highly specialized family o! birds, iound as a rule only where there are trees. Most oi them have four lots on each foot, two oi which extend forward, and the other two backward: this arrsnge- ment permits a grasp oi any in- equality on the bark oi the trees which ‘they frequent. The stiii tail feathers braced against the tree trunk, support the weight oi the body while the bird is digging out borers by means oi its sharp chisel-like bill. The tongue of the Woodpecker is usually extensible, and ends in s short horny barb which the bird uses for spearinz insects, and for dragging wood- boring grwbs from their tunnels.

woodpeckers use their bill.s to excavate holes in trees or posts as nesting places. "The eggs are glossy white and the young are naked when hatched."

‘The diet oi the woodpeckers, as we may surmise from their structure, consists of insects such as the wood-boring beetles and ants‘. some species vary it by in- cluding iruli, and other puncture trees ior the ke of the sap. This important sub ect will be treated oi more fully when considering each species.

Our list comprises the Hairy Woodpecker, the Downy W.. the Arctic Three-teed W., the Yellow- bellied Sapsucker, d the Flicker or "High-hole." e American Three-teed W. is given in the 1916 list, but is thought to be in error, and that the Arctic species had been observed. The handsome Pileated Woodpecker was former- ly a resident here, but retired, as usual, before the increase oi popu- lotion.

The Hairy Woodpecker

This is a shy bird. preferring the solitude of the forest, rather than the neighborhood oi man. 1n consequence, one cannot say whether it is common or other- wise. It is. however, a comm-an resident in Now Brunswick, and is certainly here during the sum- mer, since the writer observed a Hairy Woodpecker in the spring o! 1938. '

The bird gets its popular name ‘ifrem the white feathers oi the back, which fall over the black borders in a loose disconnected way faintly suggestive cf hairs.” (Tavenen) in general plumage the Hairy Woodpecker might easily be mistaken for the smaller Downy Woodpecker, but its size, much larger and stronger bill, and its unbarred tail, will assure the no- vice that he has seen this species. The Hairy Wood/pecker is about nine inches in length, while the Downy is about six inches.

While these two species iced principally on grubs, ants, and other insects, they sometimes "illl up" with the seeds oi the hem- lock. The valuable work done by mese birds for the protection oi our trees should commend them to every fruit grower and nursery- man.

Nort-hem Hairy Woodpecker. AOU. 353a. Resident. Mule. Head: crown and sides black, with a white stripe over, and another below the eye; a. scarlet band on the nape. Back black, with a long central white stripe. Win; feathers and coverts heavily spot- ted white. Tall: middle feathers bl-aok, next pair black and white, outer feathers white, no bars. Un- denparts white. Female without the scarlet band on the nope. Length od adults 9.5 inches.

The Downy Woodpecker may well be included tn the present Notes, as will readily be seen:

Northern Downy Woodpecker AOU. 3942. Resident, beneﬁcial. Piumage almost identical with that 0d 393a. but white feathers in tall barred with black. ‘Bill much smaller. length of adults about 6.6 inches. Not ss shy and‘ retiring as No. 393a.

“Canadian Nature"

This little magazine, now in its tenth year of publication, is "still going strong." It is quite evident- ly fulfilling its pin-pose -- which is to reveal to Canadians, young and old, the many wonderful things that the’ Creator has pre- sented for their study and enjoy- merit.

The May-June number opens with an article on the swallowtail

Butterﬂies oi which there are

THE GUARDIAN,

NOTES-

ly Agricola

s.\l\l‘ Y -

two species in this Province. ‘rials article refers to a. page o! images by numbers, but union-tummy the pictures themselves an not num- bered. Perhaps some. day this might be remedied‘ by reprinting the article with the pictures in color, and numbered to cones. pond. The systematists, I note, have been at work too. altering the names o! the Swuilowtsils, with little Justification!

The spawning habits of river fishes are explained in s most in- iemtlna srticie. which intimates that there is still room for a great amount oi what may be

called "amateur research." The colored illustrations oi Mushrooms (used in the widest

sense oi the term) are excellent for rousing the interest oi the young naturalist. We have a great ma-ny o! these fungi on the Island but know little about them. Without any special effort the present writer has identified Ill species.

Colored pictures oi birds, and plants complete s iine little num- her.

The Highlands, A Problem (21.

It was noted last week that the great majority oi the Highlanders in the North oi Scotland were "creiters", with small dwellings. subtended by a little arable land which they regarded as almost sacred ground. The trouble was, that it barely gave them a living and sometimes not even thatf This was the cause w-hich com- pelled many to cross the seas in search oi better fortune.

At the beginning of this cen- tury there was no lack of statu- iory powers in the hands oi gov- ernment and local authorities ior dealing with Highland problems. but it was diﬂfloirlt to generate the necessary initiative and ener- gy and to avoid the overlapping oi iunctions. In 198B the Hillary Committee on Highland develop- ment recommended the appoint- ment or s Development Commis- cioner to coordinate and adminis- ter all the various schemes that might be set on foot. ‘Ilhls was asking too much from the Brot- tish Otiice and the County Coun- cils, and besides, to the average Highlander it smacked too much oi‘ "colonial" development. Instead, the Secrets;- of State created in 1946 a. Highland Advisory Panel “to watch over the immediate practical needs of Highland devel- opment." Something had to be done about the western islands which are so unproductive of taxes, that the Counties to which they are attached pay less atten- tion to the ‘than to their own main-land arms.

The decline oi the Highland economy in this century is due basically to lack o! roads, lack o! houses, and lack b! water-supply and electricity. The housing short- age was further aggravated in

i945 by the withdrawal of the .1936 Rural Workers‘ Act under which grants were given to the crofters for the repair of their deteriorat- ed houses.

These deficiencies take prece- dence over all other questions oi production, etc., for iew young men, and still fewer ydung women, will live without the basic ameni- ties which they can so easily ob- tain by Shﬂllply migrating to the south! Caithness. Orkney and some oi the islands have gained roads and houses built during the war, but still an enormous amount oi work remains to be done.

Except w-here the land is occu- pied by men with falrly large holdings - tenant farmers and the like, in Orkney - the resour- ces od the Highlanders best lend themselves to‘ part-time occupa- lions. _A man may be s seasonal fisherman who sends lobsters to the London markets and alter- rvards, helped by his family, a hand-loom weaver, and s cmiter who grows the main ioodstutis to teed them. His daughter may work in n hotel during the summer and in winter knit socks end jerseym ior _sale. The need, then, is not so much to find new means oi lzvellhood, as to develop the tra- ditional occupations in a manner that will give the Highlander l. greater IIIGISUXu of economic security. '

In one respect new ground has been broken; in the study now being given to the provision of water power. Electricity is a pr».

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requisite in Highland development, and it is contended that local needs alone should be served. since general distribution systems would be too costly. It is believed. how- ever, that the coming o! indus- try to the Highlands would pre- sumably have a tendency to form centres oi aocomsnodstion and amenity, and thus accelerate the drain oi population from the countryside. Too great a reliance on industrial uev ‘opanent would ignore the fact that the pennan- ent revival of the Bltluends de-

pends on forestry, iarming. and fishing. The Forestry Commission oi

Strsth Oykell. with its minimum employment oi one man to l00 norm planted. states that 1,500 empbild in 1930, had risen to 4.180 in 1948; and since it. is hop- ed to produce at least halt the timber used nationally, s steady improvement in that branch oi employment may be looked ior.

The Hill Farming Act, i946. grants 50 per cent oi the cost of draining and fencing, and of con- structing roads, houses, and shel- ter-belts. Nine hundred farms have applied for the grant and 1,850,000 sores more are under review. The oblect generally is to increase the meet supply.

Fishing is also receiving atten- tion, and the latest “qlllck-freblﬁ" plants are reviving the shellfish and whitebait catch.

At spittal there has been a revival of the ancient ilagstone industry. These durable stones pave the sidewalks oi all British towns and cities.

38 C.S.li. Members Fined Al Saini lohn

SAINT Jill-IN. N. 13.. May 8 - (OP) — Thirty-eight member of the Canadian Seemed; Union (T.- L.C.) were fined $5 each today, with an s-litenwtive oi two months in jail, on s reduced charge oi ceusing s. disturbance. All the tines, amounting to $950, were paid by the union.

The men previously had been charged with unlawful assembly aitiq‘ two clashes l.“ police and 0.817. merrvbers on the Sasl-nt John waterfront last Friday as Ssaiiarers‘ Intemationwl lUndon (A.F.L.) crews took over two strike-bound freighter-s.

Charges against iive men were

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New Uranium Mine May Give Canada Top Place

(Nil. Train Service

For Newfoundland

MONOPON, N.B., May 8 —'I‘he ﬁrst local timetable to cover pas- senger train services in Newfound- land ha been issued by the Can- adian National Railways mid 1; 11W bsine distributed. stated EA. Rydﬂ’. regional trs-tiic manager, here. It bears the Canadian Ne- llOllll Railways maple leaf crest; on the cover, with the effective date May 8, 1949.

The time-table covers the through services between St. John's and Port aux Basques with connections beyond to Boston and Montreal via North Sydney and branch line services t0 Carbonear, Argsntls, Bonavista and Lewisport. The coastal steamship services are also shown.

On the bad: is a. map oi the island of Newfoundland showing the railway lines and coastal Stlillmhlll services. The railway mlleﬂke covered by the timetable totals 715.9 and the coastal steam- shins services 3.25s miles.

MUST PAY FOR FILL

MONTREAL —- (GP) The public works department is calling ior tenders for filling material to level St. Helen's Island. City auth- orities h-ave given up hope oi getting enough nukes-lei front city excavations and ships’ ballast,

\ dismissed may. Tm others, Mike Delano, Vancouver, and Stanley Landon. address unstated, were re- manded on the original sud more serious charge of unlawful assem- bly. They elected trial by Jury and were remanded to tomorrow on $500 bail each. Landin was among the as 6.5.0. members who plead- ed guilty to causing a disturbance.

‘This charge also had been laid against l8 other C511. men, for whom fines of % were paid last Monday.

By DOUGLAS BOW

UITAWA, May B — (UP) -- Has Canada got another Eldorado ur- arnl-uzn mime in Northern Saskat- chewan that will put her at the top oi the list or producers oi the atomic material?

It will be another year before she knows, W.J. Benn t, presid- ent of the crown-owned Eldorado Mining and Refining Limited, said today in an interview. In the meantime any speculation about Canada forging to the front uranium production is ‘pure spec-

ula/tiosr," because an "intensive seards" is going on around the globe.

Canada actually knows practic- ally nothing abouvt production in the Belgian Congo field, accepted as the biggest producer in the western world.

Just as secret ls Canada's own production and the price she charges the United StWlQS for ur- anlum.

For i049 the Eldorado fir-m will concentrate exploration and oe- Veloplrn/ent activities largely in the gold fields area on Lake Athabasca in for Northern Saskatchewan. Mr. Bennett sold. There are three groups of claims there “oi partic- ula-r interest."

The project- wlil include under- ground work. mapping oi surface exposures and diamond drilling.

By this time next year it should be clear whether it will beoctne a

mine.

Mr. Bennett said the U.S. At- omic Energy Commission is “the principal market" for Canadian uranium.

The guaranteed price for the

uranium content of ores and con- centrates, the minimum uranium content oi vrhich is equivalent to l0 per rent by weight oi uranium oxide in the ores and concentrates, is $2.75 a pound.

"On the basis of geological m- ior-maition now available," Mr. Bermett said, "there is every rea- son to believe that Canada. has a great potential as s producer of uranium." ‘

THAKEHAM, Sussex, England- A patchwork quilt oi 215,000 stit- ches, the work of Mary Kennerley. gained full marks in a Women's Land Army handicraft exhibition here.

YAGE SEVEN

Report Chinese Reds Sign Pact With Btunesel

1 By Tom Lambert

BIIANGHAII, May 8 — (A?) -- The Chinese Communists reported tonight the capture oi- a string oi towns 100 to 125 miles south oi the Yangtze River, in their con- tinuing southward drive.

In quiet, rain-sudden Shanghai, the government's official Central News Agency meanwhile reported the Reds had signed e. mutual de- ience pact with the Russian- sponsored North Korean regime and had pledged aid to Burmes Com- munists in “the joint struggle against American and British imperialism.”

This political report was not confirmed. but if true would link Communist forces in an arc stretch- ing clear across East Asia.

The Red military broadcasts from Peiping, heard in Shanghai, said towns captured south oi the Yangtze included Shunan, Chiki, Slhshien, Wuyuan and wast-lien,

This would seem to give the Reds a. front oi about 100 miles wide, stretching southwest from a. point 80 miles south-west oi Com- munist-held Hangchow to a point so miles east o! Nanchang. "

(Rather than a. “front in the usual sense, the Communist move. ment appeared to be a serlesmf spearheads advancing southward over rural roads.)

Another Peiping broadcast heard in Shanghai said six government planes dropped more than so bPmbs 9n P61911183 Nanyuan air- field.

Bhanchsl was quiet.

Anwmrzn MURDER. errands‘

SYDNEY. N.S., May ii - (C?) — Mrs. John Gallant, 26, of 99¢:- by Gardiner Mines was remand. ed for medical examination when she appeared in court here Salt- uiday on a charge of attempted murder.

Mrs. Gallant was arrested Fri. day following a quarrel in her home when it ls alleged she pt. tacked a neighbor with a. butcher knife. The neighbor suffered miner cuts on her wrists and throat.

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