‘- -- . >4.- ..“ _. M,

PAGE liQUR

THE HIARLO TTETUWN GUARDIAN

Morning Dally il-‘ounded in I881)

fresnleul; Lleul. Col- W- Umﬂt" 3 mum” Vice President: J. ll. Burnett- 5J4- secggmry; Lleut. Col. U. A. blaclsumon. 0.5.551. ﬁdﬂwl and lllunuﬂlnl uuww“ J‘ n‘ sunnn" i Associate Editors: l-‘rlulk WIIKCI um nu A- INN"! SUBSCRIPTION RATED Iy Mall in l-uzl sauu P" 1w: WW l" ‘ "°'“'“' 51.25 for 3 Illllllllllf; 50o for on: mo!!! u” Ultv Uehvcry $5.00 per year". $00 "all :2! 5135 m; 3 mouths; 60o for out 0h B! Mall to other Provinces and U. S- A- 554" P" "u gnturtlu) N eekl); $25.00 per WU’; $1M l" 5 ma‘ 50c [or I month! To; (Juarlotlorow-n uuurtllnn nil! N "lllm" i‘ liotullilll‘: haw: AIHWY- “"1" ‘mun’ N.‘ yuan‘ a‘: mm", 5B“. ABrm-L Corner llllllc And "l. I Metropolitan burn Again-y, u“ Pool l!» :"“:'::ea" _,_ l.|,,,._ u; u“ 51., Toronto; New: amt. Cholrlﬂlll Llltlrlrl’, Ulllinu: num- now: crud. Illdhvrv- Ont; llulu rnltlMvll hllnp, llunvtun u. 5.; '

"Tl"; Strongest Memory is Weaker thin ll! Weakest Ink.’

\*."i:.;xl~:s|)l\\'. JUNE 3, 1942

\\/llllll€l' Are \Ve Drifting‘?

Ntliugiihstantliilg the 1939 Registration of Man and \\',,;,,;~,,, l\.t\\‘&'\' llllil the current year plebis- cite i, yp-l,‘ o, lw- gllt- pulley Of the hllCkclllle

l ‘ '- *‘ ' .

Kin» liiﬂCl Zllt Ill t-i 6111')’ 011 (luring the war b?’ " ,, ,,l‘ ftlffCfl labour. They call 1t lit-null really it is \\'llat Mr.

wit i‘l l‘..i.~ lloiue as a "bﬂﬁkdﬂof

nletliotl, rd which .\lr. .\lac.\ic0l more forcibly described as 1i “bliitl:e@111l\£-." System of clmllmls‘ on, \‘(I1‘\':Cl‘, Th» IlYIllQV being pursued is even

‘vfmﬂ. pom tllﬁv-Jg, i,» _-L‘t‘llllllf_{l_\‘ one to put all

tpc c_,,-,l '- ~, to ltninls of ltiq manufacturers and

pwluu k, lU monopolize bolli business tlilil ii .\\\'<“i' 8S Well- Tllls l5 how the Svkctive _<\'<lt'lll is apparently being made t0 operate. Tile 'v>\\'ci‘s-tli.'it—lle Cﬂllllllilﬂdeﬁl‘ fmlhc armed mo "i the inanpoirer they can lay

n,“ pang; 0,, Iitltl ivllicll has not been exempted.

'l‘his niav rt» I". in many small businesses which

Provide a lit-oltlnmd, and not much more. f0!‘

nmny rllnttqqntls- of pffﬁltlt? being extinguished.

IH-ilm; .\lf m- Kiilgf inetapllorically exclaimS

"\\‘l;;,», m’ i__ _\ll irarqiiial businesses Should be

ivipetl out zunl Li the better financed and better

er|iiii>pcrl laiisinil-scs do the work." In other

\\ft1'[l-. fl ' ﬁll llll<lll<k<S into the hands of

coulpl-liiilg the siliall mall, the man

. an, and his employees lo enlist, if

r-r tltlIPI‘\\'l>(‘_ to be subject to scr-

ilPniln-nt of others.

Si*ltctl\'t' llllll-ozl

“liq iIli/Jft‘

"Hf our “lill-out" effort using,

vllllvllt “back-floral” and "bltlfl-

qmnli f’ o-rptl ls for lli< purpose, instead of

{mini-light col uriptioii of both manpower and ., .1 the nation demands?

HS ~"i‘i ~‘l

Enlistment Figures

Up follow, says the Montreal Gazette, no armv flglli'\'\ have been given by provinces, only bv tiiiliiarv ' This‘. llowcvcr, a rough table [in 1m lp. n ll by grillipiilg the districis—ihrce flllcbcc Cllllllllt: are ill Ontario districts and fllrcc Uni: o unliilics iii 3lImil0lJIVS but Olllef‘ wise lbs ini..i:lr_v znnl provincial boundaries co- incidc cxcvpt that l‘rincc Eduard Island is taken a: part of Ntxa $cii»tia. Air force and navy figures have already been given out by provin- ces. Here are the totals, tabulated:

Active Air

Army Force 51.058 10,816 109,294 40,120 24,404 4,247 17,156 3,672 26,198 11,346 20,242 10,634 24.028 9,405 26,339 9.075

Navy ‘Total 4,264 66,138 9,277 158,691 4,354 33.006 1.033 21.861 1,840 39,384 1,561 32,437 1,958 35,391 3,840 39.254

Quebec

Oiltario . . . . . NS. and P.E.I. New Brunswick Manitoba Saskatchewan Alberta . . . . . . British Columbia

Quebec and Ontario have approximately equal populations-3.3i9,64o and 3,756,632 respective- ly, by the i941 census-ﬂirt Ontario's enlist- ments are more than double Quebec's in army and navy, and nearly foilr times as high in the air force. And in a per capita breakdown pre- pared by the 'l"oi-onto Star two months ago, On- tario stat1<ls_not first but sixth among the pro- vinces:

ENLISTUIENTS PER, 1,000 POPULATION Active Air Army Force Navy N.S. and PEI. 366 65 ‘ 64 Mani‘ la .. .. 30B .. 324 324 . . . . . . . . . 301 Ontario .. . 294 Saskatchewll Quebec

Total

In pro-willing those figures. the Toronto Star declared lll(‘_\' [Wilt account of overlaps as be- tween districts, and provincces, and that the army brcakrloirrl was based on the population of mill- tary rli-tri-rtc

All the f/uoqiwing figlirrs are based upon two returns to lbt- ilfllbC of (‘ominous on February 5 and ’l‘_t‘l)l'll‘il‘_‘.' fl. About tllrcg wegkg ago, 3"5“"‘l""-' F‘ ‘!lll“ll"ll by Robert Fair of Battle River, \\’:li- .<<r\i~< Xliiiistcr Thorson gave Hllotlwr llibir llll"l't‘*llllL' sot of figures. this fllllf’ ml vrfiliplii-iiry _\('|'yic(- am] "rqupsgs for dc. ferment.’

Asked Obtained

Deft-rment Deferment 37 . 1 63 22174 19.800 15,053 549 463 3.010 2,019 2 .31 5 1,802 3.231 2.442 2.874 1,803 2.534 2.334 4.443 4.056

nllt-n tlic matter came up again

.‘.lr, Hull's/m fiirtllir explaillcil

iiw"'i'l'<'il 4ll1l_\’ to plly>icallv fit

ilk ,'ii~tii.'il call-lips, notices to rcpnrt

‘Ill tNHlllllftliflll. \\"<~rr"not given. At fllc

sllllli: time lb; _\llllialCl' pltJdLlCCd a detailed mi

corrected table

1g; _ Cf-IARLOTTETOWN ‘GUARDIAN

_—

of applications for postpone- ment and postponements granted, Slwwlnl! qul"

different fi ures from those previoiisl returrwdi g sought Obta ed Post- Post- Per

ponement ponement Cent.

Quebec . . 30.683 13.993 W5 14.554 298

11,298 72.6 Nova. Booth. .. 1.491 “'5 New Brunswick 1-941 913 Prince Edward Island 838 79.0 Mulltoba. .... . . . . 1.579 67-’! Britlzh Columbia 8-094 9W Saskatchewan 1.570 513 Alberta 1M" W’

But as Mr. Thorson said: “The true bﬂslﬁ 0f calculation should be the number of Wpllca‘ tions for postponement in relation to_thc number of notices sent out to report for medical examin- ation." Mr. Thorson gave this latter figure to the House as follows: Qucbee, 1121425; Onlarwv 34,678; P.E.I., 1,846; Noya Seem. 12.319: New Brunswick, 12,627; Manitoba, 20,7212 _5a5l\'?1t‘ chewan, 19,780; Alberta, 20,739; Bﬂllsll C°' lumbia, 22, 519. However, these are the totals for both 30-day trainees and those called _ up after March 9, I940, for four months’ training and subsequent home defence service. Thusthc two tables are not comparable, and calculation "on the true basis" cannot be made.

e EDITORIAL NOTES -

Ontario

Those working on farms as at March 23 will not be permitted to take any other employment; but where there are more youths on one_ farm than necessary to rim it, the surplus wlll_ be transferred to other farms needing help. This 1S Selective Service

w u a

Dr. William Harvey, English physician. med‘ ical professor and discoverer, died this dile- 1657; ivllile lecturer at the Royal College ‘of Physicians, London, lie expounded new theories of the circulation of the blood; in a published essay he proved by careful reasoning and demon- stration that the contractions of the cardiac ven- tricles propel through the pulmonary and syste- matic arteries the same blood ivhich the pul- monary and systematic veins return to the car- diac auricles

a w a w

No political parson is Rev. Dr. Hart, three times elected Bishop of Telincsse, Central New York, Dcla\vare,-—aild now has consented to be- come Bishop Coadjutor of Pennsylvania. He ivent to Boston's Byzantine Trinity Church at a salary of $12,000 froln the $9,000 St. _lohn’s Washington-“tlie Church of the Presidents." "I promise to lake an interest in the civic af- fairs of Boston,” he told Trinity when he went there, “but not to preach about them." Politics, economics and the war find small place in his sermons. Says he: “There is so little time to bring the comfort and guidance of religion into the daily lives of my congregation . . it can- not be done if 0118's tlliHWJS political."

:-

A Lutheran pastor, in sober black clerical gown, stood up in his pulpit at \Voodstocl<, Va. and preached with godly fervor and patriotic warmth. Says Time, “There is a time for all things," he ended, "a time to preach and a time to pray. But there is also n time to fight. and that time has now come!" So saying. he flung open his gown to reveal beneath it the blue-K'- buff uniform of the Continental Arnly. It ivas January, I776. A drum beat before the door; a bugle call rang through the church; and before the end of servicce 30o members of the congre- gation had enlisted. with their pastor as Colonel. To the close of the Revolution, Pastor john Peter Gabriel Muhlenerg kept the field, rising to be a major general.

w a h: n- _

The protest from the Maritime Provinces when overnight the unit for our gasoline coupon Was cut from five to two gallons was only but natural. Discrimination ivas charged, but it is quite possible we would readily have accepted the gas reduction if a similar decrease had been order- ed l" Quebec and Ontario. And why should the unit in the central provinces not be cut to two gallons? The transportation problem could hardly be more baffling. The need for careful conservation of these vital war resources seems imperative. There is still a large amount of need- less night driving and all under the eyes of peo- ple who are taking seriously the warnings of Munitions Minister Howe and Oil Controller George Cottrellc. Why weren't the autoists alse- whcre made to cxeprience the necessity for con- servation the same as the Maritime; were? That 1's what people everypvhsre ‘areitill asking.

A lady member of the Montreal City Council has resigned because a member of her law firm has been retained by a client to bring an action against the city. Miss Elizabeth C. Monk, along with two other women councillors, was the first representative of her sex to hold a seat on the Montreal City Council as she was to be admitted as a member of the Bar of the Province. Her resignation from City Hall was tendered in vir- tue of an article in the city's charter which reads: "No person may be nominated for the of- ficc of mayor or councillor nor be elected to nor fill such office if, as an advocate, he (or, now, she) conducts or if the firm to which he belongs, or any of its members, conducts any case against the City before a court of justice, or in connec- tion with an expropriation.” Councillor Monk, since her admission to the Bar recently. now finds herself a member of a firm of which one of the partners is, as mentioned, acting for a client in an action against the city.

w w n- u Prussian audacity was brazenly exhibited when enemy prisoners of war were being escorted to an internment camp in \Vestern Canada last week. They are reliably reported to have jeercd and cheered when they were witnesses to the crash of a Royal Canadian Air Force plane in which two men lost their lives in the foothills of the Rocky lfouuiains ill Alberta. Guards were forced to threaten the prisoners with gunfire to quiet them. The source said the prisoners broke out in riotous shouting when the plane crashed to earth, l! was also sairl the Calgary (ls-pot was the scene of lilsulting incidents bv the enemy prisoners iluriilg their transport to the internment camp u lien they spat and shouted at pcrsr-ils in tlic sta- UOII-

NUTES BY TIIE WAY

Default, repudlallon and 09PM!‘ slon of creauors are PHIL 01 01¢ swck-lrl-trsde of the present Al- berta, Government to gel vows frcm o class of the community which nae been trained and fault-W to repudiate obllgatuons. 1t Ls volt of that plan to make the fdrlﬂﬂi believe ttrut the sccial Czcalt Gov- ernment ls his only friend. Tue farmer shouxl remember that more is the ﬁrmer-s’ Credit Arrange- uient Act, c Federal statute. which ls still in force in this Prov- lnoe. It gives him the only of postponing his debts but. to have them adjusted as well- The present Government at Edmtnlon has never provided for equitable addustment between debtor, and creditor. — Calgary Herald.

Ono suspects that there ls lack of understanding at Ottawa over the price of wool. Canada is not» prcduclng one-fifth the wool re- quLred. we have to Lnllport 80 p8: cent of our requirements. Much of this we expect to get frcn; Aus- tralia and New Zealand winch. 1X1 vlew of the shipping situation, ls most difficult. '1‘ne need for en- couraging wool growers in Canada to produce more of our domestic requirements has been recognized. but w; very much doubt that the

ces suggested by the Canadian

ool Board will bring the desired response. The prices suggested for most Western Canadian wool will bring the producer frcm 23 to ‘J5 cent5 a, pound. _Wltll eight pounds the average weight of fleece, the return will be $1.85 to $2 per fleece. This price does not compare fav- orably with the prices being 081d for American wcois. In fact, it ls being stated that Ca-n-"dian wools could pay the duty to U. S. markets and still bring more to the grower in Canada than the Canadian Wool Board is offering. I11 view of tlie fact that we have to import 80 per cent of our wcol in any event, we cannot sce that paying the Canadian wool producer a. price around 30 cents a pound, WhlCh is what they ask. would make an iota, of difference in ceil- ing rices 0:1 woollen products. - Lcth ridge Herald,

A; a. matter of fact, we have a rignt. to De rabnet puOI-d D1 inc way in which we hang taken cu tile burden Otl mils war; and becmse we have assumed ocllgallons cncerluny, it ls all the iuucur to understand tile a.tl.une of tne magollty of ine people of Quumc wno ale certainly in ins wur as much as their nelgtlbors 8H0 time :10 right at all to expect to be pr.- tccteu oy tllum. Well, tnai. is H.126 of our bU¢lIl€Si Canada, the real Canada, is right encugu. It does not even need sympathy b:- cause its tncst polluolls prsvluce sees fit Lo c-p-pcse in: HBLJJIHI will, 101‘ it snculcl be noted that its bi,-- gsst clty, Montreal, voled ﬂight." in all four precincts. AnctllLr nut‘- (Le has been jumped in tine fgilt for freedom. - Pcrtand Press- Herald.

Queen Caroline of England was

noted in tier coy for bc...g as w.se as she was tolerant. Agpalantt y sue also cc-miolned geneloslly wltu a. sense c-f duty, fer it is kno..n that she advanced to Mr. ilicmzs Lee, the agent in Virginia of His Males- ty George 12f, me sum of £34) to ccmpensate him for the damages vttrcn he incurred wlun vaglania whom he had sentenced to prssn when lie was magszrate burned down his house. What lends par- ticular interest to this sum cf {B00 is that wl.u it Mr. Lac fin shed the building oi Strattfcrrl Hall, on the Potcmac. and tnat lll this building, which is one of the mcst besutful in Anlerlca, Richard Henry Lie, Light-Horse Harry Lee and Robert E. Lee, were born The Rzbcrt E Lee Mcmcrlal Fctlridatlcn, Whlih has done so mllLll to ilelp prssrrve this building, has just sent to Queen Oarolines successcr a check for 1,600, re resenting the Oliglfiﬂl oar; toget er with c, small sum as interest. It. l5 modest enough r:- cCmpense, but. will dcubtkss b: accepted in ttie spirit in wtliifl it was given — as a Sjllllli-Cl, rather than as a strictly financial transac- tion. "rhls fcundation has dcrle one of the most thoughtful and care- ful pieces of restcraticn that has been Performed by any small group of historically nllndcd citiznts. Willtamtinurg, of course, stands apart because of the score of the work there undertaken and the lzmzc scale 0:1 which it was plan- ned and carried out. Title wcrk at Stratford has been dcne slmvty, rn a comparatively simple scale, wth the ultimate grel of restoring not only the house but also the gardens and plantation so as to serve as a model of the Virginia tldewzfer plantations of two centuries ago. -New York Herald Tribune.

The German war prisoner who escaped from internment an, Bow- manville and was rounded up ln ‘Ilexu thought he was pretty gwd. as dmractlerlstic of his tribe, and mowed considerable contempt fcr the inferior races. Paying his re- spects to_ the "stupid" Americans who let him pass, he picked up the observation of a oliccman that he had done well w in me statement that "Everything we do ls good." Yet if Herr Krug had been ab! to think n. little deeper he would have seen it was not so very gocd. Ap- parently he had organized assist- ance frcm the mommt he‘ got out of Canada, and shculd have done better. A Detroit man ls under ar- rest for helping him. He made his way‘ from city to city, collecting suc an assortment of supple; as a lstol, food, a knife and f rat-ad

ou -fit. He was wit-hin 150 miles of in

the Mexican border little more help, which he was evi- dently awniting, ml ht have m3“. aged to fellow the cotsteps of his predecessor, von Werra, who got bwk to Germany to be shot in combat. But Herr Krug l5 under arrest again. If he lflcught him- self clever he has found that every- one is not stupid. And when he is hack ll-l confinrmsnt m; will have n chance to reflect that the only prisoner of war to escape from Canada successfully la a dead Get- mtm. Everything the Herr Nazis do is not really so good. - To- ronto Globe and Mail.

The minister of justice hr; m;- zestzd that each case of intern- ment thvllld be dealt with by lud- lclal process. If lvy this he means that each case should be rzv awed by Judicial tribunal afer the m- t/emment has tak-sn pwce, thrre can be no objection to such a course. Bil-t the executive must not be hampered judicial process in taking quick acttcn when rvcns- sary. and, nhltevsr t‘-e ftndng of a trfbunal. tt-e respcrsbrty for interment mu=t re~t will the gzv- renment. - ‘rcrcnio Tcegrr-n,

Ber-um- nfilw removal of rall- hu lord Baldwin mt had to m»

right not t

and wilh u he

Peace Has To Be Enforced

in, imlrlesc Ambassador {flmﬂmoifm ‘painless, wrltlnl m l. ‘ll _

4 n; that there wnigkiirelliildngf vevltiiiid order N1!!! built, up after the first World WM‘- As one who lived thmuﬂh m"! days o: world agony and Iﬂwllsh- and u one who comﬂ 31°"! l mum,” putty benefited by f-hll- pogtwll‘ international order. I must solemnly testify that it was n NI-l hin

g. But. bezlnning with the Ja- ariese invasion of Manchurla. in 19 l. the world reverted to international anarchy and the "law of tip jungle." The moral of this tragfc historical lesson should be P1611 to all who can rend; ll l»! "l"

ace must presuppcse an effec- ively maintained order or rule of law; and that Ia/w and order do not mean the absence of force but are always dependent u n some affective fom-l 0d.’ organ red force for their maintenance and em- forcement. Peace. 1n short. m1!“ have power to entfore itself.

The league b0 Enforce Peace which was started iln 1915 was the sparttual father q! the League of Nations, ‘I'm: great movement was sponsored by men who lander- stcod human psychology and were Wise enough not to indulge in kp- practicable utopmn ideal. Tnl plan was contained in four simple artcles. Article I required "all justiclalble questions arising be- t-wcen the signatory

settled by negctletions" to be sub- t

mltted to a judlciil tribunal for hearing and jufgirrlent. Article, I1 stipulated that "all other questions not settled by negotiation shall be submitted to a Council of Can- cilictlon for hearing, consderatfon and reccmmsndation." 'Ihe heart of the idea of the League to En- force Peace lay in Article II: “The signatory powers shall jointly use fol-with bath their economic and military fcrces against any cne of their number that go:s to war or ccnunlts acts of hcsillity against another of the signatories before any question arismg shall be sub- mitted as provided in the forc- gaing." Article IV psovided for periodic conferences to formulate and occtify rules of lmternatloiial law which shall BQl/em m the fie- clsions of the judicial tribunal.

President. Lowell of Harvard, in telling in the Atlantic Moniny of August, 1940. the story of the League to Enforce Peace, had a. moral for us in our present, wzrld crisis. He wanted all hinrst and unselfish people working fcr per- manent peace on eaxnh to reach n "unity cf plan that will ccmmand general respect, and have smle change of pcpular aioptlcn." He warned us that “people seem to think that devising scene new variant is adding to the wealth nf eiapsifens frcm which a chrfce may be made. whereas it is ie- duclng the silence of agreement wl-‘wn any effective policy."

Although Dr. Lowell modestly regarded tlle League to Enforce Peace as a mcvzment “which failed," I am still inclined to thiT-k that the central idea d that move- ment - namely, "acme knrl of international organization based upon ill: principle of a threat of overwhelming power to prevent aggressive war" -w;s mcre prac- tcal and feasible than any cther plan ‘hat has so far bren suggsted by our lntsmntcnal - mndsd thlnkem. ‘Eris idsa has never been given a ftir trial It was sueipzssdly énzibcdiarl in Article XVI cf the Coverawt of tire League of Nations, but the c:m- placenrt, Members of the League tticught so ltflc cf the ‘sr.nctorls" or were so fealiful of them that the League never made ptepar- ation for the pcssible appllcatbn of that Article to wouid-be ag- gressor 5t:t."s, '

In contrast to suit a weak or- ﬂBXilZlblCﬂ the New Werld Order which we want to help set up after the present war must be a real "League to Enforce Psace." only such a League will o'er- whcliliinz power to enfoee law and order can avo‘d the mistakes and remedy the weakrtscs of the old system of lmterna-tional order.

Britain ’s Political Truce

(Sydney Past Record)

Politics in Britain have been sus- pended durlng tile war by reasons of a “truce" betwce r tne Uunstrva- tlve party, which has a substan- tial nwJorlt-y Ln m: House of 0cm- mcns, and the Labs-r party, WIlICh forms the Oppcsltlon. Whenever a vacancy has occurred in the House, a, candidate has bean nominated to fill this vacancy only by tho party that held the seat in question. Till-S system worked well to pro- duce its intended effect-a, precise stabilization of party strength ln the Commons for the duratzon of the crLsw-untll a recent vacancy in Grantham was filled by the elec- tion of a ccmpletc outsider who ran as an independent." since then there have been some slim of d16- sctirfactlon with the from, p". tLCIllBTlY on the part certain Labor leaders who feel that the atbscrpton of their party in a Coalition Government has revcnt- ed it from taking a s violently bold attitude on domestic issues. ‘rhus one Labor Member of Parlia- ment czmplalns: "While our oarty is crawling to the Right, the work. zﬂqlasses are mmhin

Recently this question of Labor‘; participation in a Calif/ion Gov- eminent was raised and set-tied at the Plrtvs annual conference in London. By An overwhelming votlc of more than l0 to 1 the party crushed a resolution which called upon it to wlthhsld an endorse- ment 0f the role that bzbcr mem- bers are playing in the Gavel-n. merit. The evident result will be I continuation of the political truce and the continued rticl atfo; of Labor mernbe ' Cabinet.

dces not intend to try to mfx not. cal KCllld reform with tl-zc guccggg. lul rccccutfon of c war trot will decf e whither democracy lt.:elf ll to silrv.ve. sccirl refsrm can waft. Victory Ls nowtre issue.

I his favorite cow inside s buldlng, oherwlsa it m'ght stray 1nd get p: cned through eating a poison- ous shrub. To let ttrc cow out he

mittre icr pe.m replace t-h: ralLnus. — Manchester Guard-

‘ WORD OF CHALLENGE

"We shall drive on t0 the and and do our duty. Wln 01' die." - wmmn s. Churchill. Izrime Minister to Great Brlt- a n.

DDIQC

British Press Censorship

tNewshTorpntolw be k6 t IPree peo le w o re use

in the dark: an enemv that shou d be kept in the dark.

There is the conflict at the nub of the censorship problem in Brit- ain. That the British press is still from-demonstrates merit in the compromise with which this conflzct has been balanced. ,

The storm over the governments threat to suppress the Dally Mirror this spring confirmed rather than denied the freedom which the pres! enjoys. Members of parliament rose vi orously to protest against the no- sl ion which the government had taken in this instance. The day af- ter the government's announcement of its threat most responsible papers in Britain attacked the action as directed at the freedom of the press altllou h many of them disclaimer! suppor of the Daily Mirrors meth- od of criticism.

John L. Young. formerly manag- ing editor of the World's Prell News. recently underlined the free- dom which the press continues to enjoy in England by citing instances of newspaper campaigns critical of he Government.

For instance, the London Star having discovered that some music- fans who had joined the forces were being permitted to play for hire in West End orchestras. launched a vigorous campaign against the Drac- tlce. When newspapers demanded that women should be added to o

committee of four men to investl- -

Rate conditions in the womens ser- vices, the government gave wav and added two women. The Dally Mall by criticism got food to repeal an old order and sub- stitute a new one which made it

legitimate to possess stocks of food

legallv acquired. “That Would Never Do"

Historic victories for free criticism ‘- '

followed the demands of the press for a change in government after

the collapse of the Norwegian front _ prr-

and the plain comment which ceded Churchllrs reorganization cf his cabinet early this year. London newspapers as dis crate as the

Times and the Hera d joined in the

to Rusia and

campaign to rush aid invitlnz

for adoption of a system

advice from union stewards on ln- \

creasing munitions output,

“It was the controlled press which kept France ignorant of her danger until it was too late." Mr. Young. "One day when vlctcry comes the Germans will realize how they have been misled and bani- bcozled by their Nazi-corltrolcd newspapers. And the press of Greet Britain and the United States will have done a very great deal b_v their relentless questioning, their out- spoken criticism, to achieve that victory."

How ls this freedom of the press maintained without aiding the en- emy? The most comprehensive in- formaticn on this subject ls con- tained in an address delivered in London by Rear-Admiral G. P. Thomson. Britain's Clilef Press Censor. He said. "Censorship of news in a country which trulv be- lieves in the importance of keeping people informed is not an easy art to practice. There is so little that goes on in our country that the en- emy would not like to know about. A shortage of this or that materlcl. a strike of the workers in a war factory—the enemy is looking out for such details as these and won- derlnz how to profit bv them. It would be best to keep him in the dark about everything, but this would mean keeping our own people in the dark also. And that would never do. For the people have a right to know about what s han- pening around them. they have n right o draw their own CODCEIISlOTlS. to criticize and to deman that thlnrrs whlch are wrong should be put. right."

Value to Enemy

In this spirit the reeulatlons for the voluntary censorship of the press were drawn up in Britain. A ist of subjects which are dangerous for the press to write about with- out first. seeking advice from the censorship ls known as "defence no- tices" and ls almost the war-tine editors Bible. If he submits to the censorship any article dealing with one of these subjects and abides by the ruling he is safe from prosecu- tion under the Defense Regulations dealin with the offense of publish- ggyi ormatlon of value to the en- Even in these cases the editor can ignore the censors blue pencil if he chooses-but he acts at his peril. Tne censors are not concenied with expressions of opinion. which cannot give information of value to the enemy. except on rare occasions. For instance an article might be offensive to a neutral country with which the Government is most. anxious to keep on friendly terms. In such a case the censor sends an advisory note to the newspaplr that the publication of the article is not in the public interest-

Iorelgn Correspondent!

Correspondents of newspapers in foreign countries are now. accord-

g to Rear-Admiral Thomson, sub- Ject to the some rules as the home press. They must not give informa- ton of value to the enemy. make statements that endanger or brim}

s wtllc°

ause. - ‘The co-operatlon offered foreipv: correspondents within these 11mm wu indicated recently when in one cable office the censors. who hand- over a million words ln one month, managed to pass 75 per cent of the press cables with a delay of only one mliultc and a further 20 per cent with a dela of less than ive minutes. Press ca les in forevn lmgu are filed at the aunts; where he foreign lanzua on censors can dell with cubes in ulguom.

KIDNEY

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