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; . Fathers Sifeventy-Five Years Ago

' ” Of the history-niakirlg conference

of the Conic zizion ,Fathers at Cna.:'lcttcto\I.'n sc~.‘»cnty-_ five years ago, no coiiipl e record remalnis The conterer I.» was ntsndsd to

rzllornial

give scape for lrze and

discussion, arid , that zeason doubtless , new mpzr represeriba ﬁves were :1’; 1. v -‘ riudezi. The fol- lowing outline, . 1 "The Mariti- fuel; and C.m:u'n Before Coufe<lera.- .v‘},D_)n“',' by Prof. William .VI‘."’:lZ1<3.S

‘v2\:'h2teiau'," i.~. ..pr.nu_sc_l from The Guardian st.u'.'enir edztion of June 10 last and is based chieﬂy on the account or Han. Edward Whelah. himself a iitempaoer editor and one 01 the Cl1.1rlot.t,ek:wn repre- sentatives at the conference: Before the deputation. of Can- adian exccutzve councillors left Quebec they held several impor- tant sessions to discuss, and come to an azrcrnzvnt upon. the sort of union they would uzivocate at Tats:

in the in‘: Provinces, Not only was there no previous under- standing nmong these Provmces. but in each case the delegation was made up of rcprcse~nt.1i.lvcs of both government and opposition. The lack of a coal-tion government to deal with this important matter in may of the .\1Ill‘llll'l’\‘5 Provinces was 3 dist eierr-srit of weakness in their no Lion in contrast to Can- ada's united front.

The First Delegate

The first delezate from the Mainland Provinces to arrive at ChB!‘i0LTE‘l~0V\'ll was R. B. Dickey.

' Reform leader in the Nave Scotian legis‘.ativ-e (‘O\ll‘.’.'l1. Throughout the sessions of both this and the sub- sequent Q11-rbec Conference he continued to play a, lone hand

The r=rt oi the Nova scotlan delegtiticn rmrhed Charlottetown on the “I-lrlitlwr Be-ll" from Brule. Nova S"o!la an the aft:-moon of August 31.

T‘r.=y \\'Pl‘re rim officially met on landingr but 1l’liI(iP their way as best ihcv c:ul'l to the “Pavillinn."

The Priticzr F..lw-.u<l island Gov- em.m_ent. lzitcr jiizatifimi itself in the seam "ly ¢Ji.s-ourtcous neglect by

""Elalmn.,, that the Nova Scotiuus had arrived unexpectedly early, several opposition prtprrs, however, charged the members of the Gov- emmerit with having been at the circus when the delegates arrived, and the charge was not effectively answered.

Circus :1 Counter--attraction

Just before mlidvnight. on the same day the New Brunswick delegation arrived on the “Prince of Wales" from Shading Most of them made their way to quarters in the “Man- sion I-louse."

The Canadians arrived at noon on September first on the Can- adian government st-cumer "Queen Victoria". 'I'hc'y- were met. only by

._ the Provincial Secretary, W. H. Pope, who rowed out tn meet them

V, “with 3:1 the c1-‘gully he could". AS

the only staunch advocate of Mari- —. e Unicn it was perhaps fitting at he should meet this unofficial

..'“..Oa.muiian dt-putatimi to,an official

conference on Maritime Union The Canadians, or such of them - is could be nocommodated, were directed to the "Franklin." The others remained aboard their ship. Here too the Prince Edward Is- hmi Government explained their inability to find accommodations ﬁr all the Canadians as due to the fact that a larger number had come from Canada. than had been ed. The truth seemed to be that the city was full of Islanders who had poured in from the coun- Ixyvto see. not the Conference, but In Circus '

.3’

The opening my _ "

‘flu date of the conference but , set for September first. The

day. however was taken up “$1121 formalities of

vrooeedi , Mai-iﬂmae deleimtes had 21% convened and’ selected as 001. J. B. Gray, Prime ‘ﬂoat the rungs, than ygetlg- rt-ad noimcing e ltrlval of the Ounhxilans.

wasthereuponagreedtinttho

, Will Open"

I‘ Course

, ,.

project should be postponed. until Jaiter the Canadians had been .<ziveri the opportunity to present ‘their views on the larger union An official visit was paid to the ._1_.i-eute'nant Governor at his _ex- ecutive mansion on the 0llL5i{l.TLS of the town. Thus ended the first day.

§discussi<7n of the Maritime Union.

The Second Day

On the second day the Confer- ence settled down to a regular routine of sessions held from ten until three.

The procedure was for the Can- adians to present, in more or less formal addresses. special phases of the larger scheme of union.

the close of each address 5. free and informal discussion took 5p'ace. consisting for the most part lot interrogation of the speaker by delegates from the Maritime Prov- inces.

As the Press was rigidly exclud- ed from every session. only general outlines of the discussion became known, but this. along: with the public addresses made both _rlur‘m and subsequent to the meetzng at Charlottetown, gave a general idea as to both the nature and sequence of the views presented. on this first day of Conference sessions the main speech W35 made by Ca:-tier. leader of Lower Csmatﬁan Conservatism. His chief theme ‘seemed in have been the ir-'3neral\s.dvani.ages to be €‘.‘<D€Ct°d from the larger union, which would inc‘ude not-only a great exbsnt of territory but also the various elements necessary to the mtiklrv: of is. mighty nation.-—popu’:Ltion agriculture. and commercial and maritime po'sit‘on. With Cartler‘s well—l-mown insistence rm the ne- servation of essential provincial rights for his ptople. he imghtwoll have been expected to disarm criticism by, the Marl"‘me Provlnwr delerates who fearcd the sub- mverizsnce of provincial autnnomv by the creation of this sun:-rstaie Cartier was followed in the afternoon by George B*own. as doughty a leader of Upucr-Ca.r\ad- inn Reform. and as insistent upon the preservation to local govern- ernmcnts of pruvir/‘ial int:-rests. Brown had long been known as the champion of the principle of

representation by mutilation. and both here and later he continued to be the spokesman of this prin- ciple as applied tn representatzon in the projected Legislative Assem- .bly of the General Government.

Brom-1's Contdbuthrn

Brown, however, balanced this princlpie of apportionment in the Lower House with the principle 0! sectional equality in the projected Upper House. The inference was that Upper and Lower Canetda were each “sections.” and thattlte Maritime Provinces was a third Had this point not been striesed at the beginning the Can- adians could hardly have been able subsequently to deny the Maritime Provinces provincial. as opposed to sectional, equality of representa- tion ln the federal'Upper House. Certain it is that this principle was within a. few’ days publicly advocated by Brown Jr. In- deed, an the purely constitution

side, this may be regarded as Brow-n‘s distinctive contribution to the of the new constitu- tion. *

“John A.'|" Buy

Saturday was time day at John A. Maodonald. and the Conference remained lnsession all day. What- ever tendency there rnight have the speeches of Cartier and Brown to emphasize the need for local autonomy was balanced by the insistence 0! Macdonald on the need for 1 strong central gov- ernment which should control and all the parts in their essential common life.

Maodoneld was ahead known as an RAGVOCBKB od 0. ﬂgislative union of all British North Am- erica, Indeed the very tardiness at Maodovnald in his practical accept- once of the union movement may easily be condoned, if not actually explained, by the very magnitude and difficulty of his scheme. ‘It was one than. would inevitably have -involved the erection of strong and efficient municipal governments, and although in the Canulas con-

le had been made 1133?; it it hardly an

that occup in izlng Macdomald by time Province delegptes.

Colt’: Winrulry

vitaolsub omacsroely g

been held’ mohe. His was immeas- The delegation mu-veiled at

E HIS TORI C CHA

i‘5?’iWI1ere §tTc_ztesmen \ “Bailded Better l\._Thany,TheyKnew”

‘S ‘Day-By-Dqy Description Of First Meeting (Pf The Confederation

Will Welcome Distinguisheli Guests

LT.-GOVERNOR. DeBDO.lS:, will welcome nests to Confed-

eration Ground: on Monday evening.

of this larger union scheme Wu. presented by the Oa.na.diBI:l dc- putation.

That evening the weight of ria- tion-bullding was sufficiently lift- ed from the shoulders of the dale’- gates to permit of their particl- patlon in a ball at Government House, Just west of the town.

McGee, true to form,

lure on Burns. sceptical

Or; Wednesday, the seventh. the Maritime Province delegates met alone. 'l'l~.lc_v had been appointed for the exclusive purpose of con- sidering a legislative union of the Maritime Provinces, and so far they had gzivsfn the ma.tt-er but the .siignte'~t cnns:d-eratictn. That little, however. hard been sufficient to convince a pronox-tion of the dele- gation. fnulucllnsz some of its lead- ing rn:=mb9i's. that such it union would be not only difficult but impossibfs, After the discussion on the seventh there could be lea doubt. about the matter.

Them remained, however. the qm-slion as to wli-ether, supposing the largvr Union to be ei1ccted,th.~ Marltimn Provinces sh~.u‘.'i enter it

separately or as a unit. It was ob- vious that in the fcrmer carethslr nusiilcr.-i in relation to Canada would b=- wcriitenred. on the o‘h'3: hand. such 3 prchmlnary union would sericusly weaken the Mar‘. time srnumvnt for 8. larger rams- se‘ri‘.at.ion in the Central Upper

celebration at Exhibition .

'r_IjE ;cr;_i_\_I<_LorrErowN__ QQARDIAN

RLOTTETOWN CON

Home than that or Lower Canals

P. 3. Island’: Demand

But neither speculative advan- tages 110!‘ Speculative disadvan- tages were to be weighed against the Drﬂcuwlly unanimous demand of P:inoe Edward Is'and that its lﬁzislnture be not abolished. No scheme appeared to be possible that would give to the Island in a united Maritime Legislature any determined voice. What the Is- landers actually insisted upon was the location of the capital on the 1~'»13-“d- <Tu1>per Papers. Canadian Archives).

oomidering the inaccessibility of the Leland from the mainland dur- in: the winter when the legisla- tive sessions of the provinces were held. this insistence amounted to it refusal to unite with the main. lnnd provinces.

W. H. Pope remained the only consistent advocate of this act or self-a-bnegntion: and. although he came of a great Iamilv on the ls- hand. his connection with the pro- Drietors was already weakeninzhis Dosltion with the people. Even Pope. however. had in the earlier assembly debate indicated 8. pre- ference for the larger union

The Maritime delegates them. upon adjourned their Union con- ference to meet in Halifax onSat- urday. the tenth.

Maritime Union It has often been said, and it is the prevailing opinion, that the Conference at Charlottetown did nothlmz but listen to the Canadi- ans dixuss the Canadian project, and abandon their own. one Mari-

aifeitlternpper

Chairman

remained . in Chmlcttetown and gave a lec- .

Their town, June 14. 1939.

Standing beside

4%}

Mala“-=5 ‘Kin: G-eorxe VI -nd Queen Elizabeth In the Confedemtlo Chamber, ciwiom. the table around which the Confederation met in 1864, they

received the addresses of welcome from the Province and City.

time delegate subsequently asserted

‘that only one resolution of any

yr —— -- W .—-— ‘J P::EiV.' —-- . -.- ~..~:-... I Chnlrrra-I M

' ' ' anfederatlon Celebration Committee.

sort. other than that to receive the Canadians and the later one in adjourn to Halifax, was even

Presented at Charlottetown. and that it was neve: put to the vcte. (Pubic letter of E. Palmer. in Monitor. Dec. 22. 1854).

_on the other hand in Saunders’ biography of Tripper, published only a your after the 1.a.tter‘s death, there appears the text of n reso- lution said to have been moved by Tupper himself, seconded by his coll:-agu-2 Dickey. and passed by the Conference. This resolution Committed the Conferenw to the pdnciplc of Maritime Union with- out eqiuvocuticm or reservation

Although Saunders may easily have misinterpret-ed an item in the Tuimsr l?-”rl7€l”5. it _is impossible to think of tits resrziti-n as a de- liberate falsehood. But on no cther cccasion would it ‘nave been BDYOPV-‘5. A likely clue is found in the long letter of Edward Palmer written less than four mcziths of- the cumlusicn of the Char- lot-leiown Cm smnoe. In that let-

ter he insists that no resolution -73 D':*.s--::l Co:~.fsr»~zr.:e; that one had bee rtrodu:-ed. but that

no question had been taken on it. It would explain most of the facts to regard this resolution mention- ed by Palmer as the one introduc- ed by Tupper.

While the Conference was in session in Charlottetown a visitor had arrived. a Mr. Levesey, ie - resenting the Intercolonial Con- tract Company of London, seeking to secure a contract for building the line between Truro and The Bend. Negotiations were there be- gun which were carried on after the conclusion oi the Conference. The New Brunswick Government accepted the offer w:idltlorii1lly,on the ameptanoe by the Govern- ment. of Nova. scotia. It seemed as if Tillcy might be ab‘e to se- cure closer economic relations be- tween the two provinces without the necessity of any political un- on.

Quebec Conference Planned

on Thursday thy; delegates made an excursion to the North Siicr-2 of the Island. returnin for a ball and banquet at Charl tetown that

evening. The following manning at four Canada's deputation and the Maritime delegates left to-

At Shrine of Confederation

Hether on the “Queen Victoria" for Plctou. some of the Canadi- ans visited the coal ‘rnines and proceeded overland by can-iavge to Truro,and thence by rail to Ban. tax. The others remained onboard

ship and arrived at the Nova.

Scotia capital early Saturday sf- ternoon, almost simultaneously with the overland party. At. the delegates were presented to the Lieuiemn-t Governor: at (our the Conference was reconvened, the Canadians again sitting in as visi. Lars, and taking an active part in the plans for future discussion. After a brief s‘.’;"i:)«n the Confer. fnce was adjourned t‘ll Monday at en. Between ten and eleven on Mon- day the Maritime delegates wen closeted by themselves discussixﬂ the bearings of the Maritime Un- ion scheme r.n trre larger man presented by the Canadians. They did not come to any conclusion, iwndd the Canadians were readmit- e .

After a joint session of some three hours a dscisim was finally reached in favor of'th»s Canadian proposal for a. speedy convocation

‘of a formal confe.-rerce on the

larger federal proposal. Mundan-

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FEEEN

QUEEN T tM0.T0R’S

' J_ULY 15.‘ 1939

the pr .11‘ soon be eld there. be wag w Newfourldiamd asking i ggnd npmsentatives to the oonlerenoc ‘

gctoﬁir 16.

Lieut. Governors

of P. E. Island

From 1770 tnconfedentlon in 1373

Capt. Walter Patterson I170-173. tapptd. 1760-as.-mm ‘ oﬂico 1770)

Gen. Edmund Fanning‘ 1188-804 Col. Joseph FEW. Desu -

DUNS 1806-1 Col. John Ready 1az4.1§:1g§ air Aret/us W. Young 1 18314335 Sir John Harvey 1836-133'. . Sir Charles Augustus .

mzmy rm-1431 ' 511- Ken Vere Hm-itley 1844-1341 51: Donna Campbell 18474850 sir Alexander Banner-

mm 1351. sir Dominick Duly 1o54.‘1‘§55‘;

George Dundas. Esquire 1859-1869 William Cleaver Francis Robinson, Esquire 1909.13-73

Fmm 1878 TH] Present Time

Sh" Robert Hodizson 1373-ran Thomas H. Haviland 1879-1884 ‘

dred A. Mwdomald 1884-1880 . J. c. Carvell 1889-1894 Geome W. Howlan , 1394-ism P. A. Maclntyre. M1). 1899-1904 D. A. Macxinnon. K.C..

LLB. 1904-1910 Benlamin E0803 1910-1915 Augustine C Macdonald 1915-1919 Murdock Macxlnnon 1919.192,4 Frank 3. Hearts 1924-1930 Charles Dalton 1930-1933 George D. Denlois 1935-

,. I o Vtce-Chairman

non. nu. w. .1. r. irvronunum

vi can ‘ cm suon°°ceiebr'uWp’:'a '3o:'..°.iu... °d°"

\

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