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covers Prince Edward island Like The Dew ' w.J. Hanson. Pulslithet Iurton Lewis

Executive Editor

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“The strongest memory is weaker than the weakest ink" A Strange Case

Justice Minister Chevrier may be unable, as he says, to see any conflict between Prime Minister Pearson and Finance Minister Gor- don on the subject of deficit fillan- cing. Yet the fact remains that Mr. Gordon pledged himself repeatedly to move his budget toward balance before Canada ends, as he put it, “on the rocks”, while Mr. Pearson has now assllred the Canadian Labor Congress that he accepts deficit fin- ancing as an instrument in achiev- ing certain purposes.

The contrast between these at- titudes was accentuated by Mr. Peal-son's statement that he hadn't consulted Mr. Gordon about his views on deficit financing. Why did he make this extraordinary admis- sion. just after the Labor Congress delegation had sharply criticised Mr. Gordon's policies and urged that his balanced budget concept be for- gotten?

The concept hasn't materialized in any case, of course; but the fail- ure of the Prime Minister to consult his Finance Minister on a subject of this kind———and his readiness to con- fess to it so free1y—raises some in- teresting speculation. There is re- portedly to be a cabinet shuffle ear- ly in the new year, and it could be that Mr. Gordon is being eased out. But surely it is not the intention to make him solely responsible for a. policy which, after all. was Mr. Pear- son’s as well, when they were both appealing for votes! That policy was to giv e priority to en cl in g “the hemorrhage of deficits” which their predecessors had incurred.

If Mr. Gordon pointed with alarm to Mr. Diefenbaker’s $700,- 000,000 deficit, and vowed that the country collldn’t continue to carry such a burden. so did Mr. Pearson. This year, however, the deficit will be bigger than ever-—perhaps $100,- 000,000 more than the Diefenbaker government’s—and it is under these conditions that the Prime Minister has discovered there is something to be said, after all, for deficit fin- ancing. In doing so. he appears to have gone out of his way to leave in doubt the opinion which Mr. Gor- don may have on the subject.

It's all very strange, to say the least. What the Labor Congress delegation thought of it we don't know; but it is hard to find, in the whole transaction, any trace of that principle of cabinet solidarity which is supposed to govern ministerial announcements.

; For Shorter Campaigns

_j}. It is to be hoped that. as a result of,.a bill now before the House of Qmmons, we shall see an end to the téiiious two months of campaigning wich has been a prelude to Can- afian federal elections in the pass. 'l§te minimum of 59 days now re- qilired for the cumbersome and often ulseati-sfactory process of enumera- tfbn by house-to-house canvas can be curtailed by the provision of pet'- manent voters’ lists. The establish- ment of such lists, together with other improvements in electoral pro- cedure, is proposed under the meas- ure introduced by the Government. It will be some time. however. perhaps several YCM1, before el- tefutiona in voting procedure ‘be- come effective, since the job of re- distribution la to take precedence.

‘rank Walker Editor

yhaanotbeeuexplalned.l’er-

w

- axoeuap'lnvolved~te the lat-

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oer procedure is regarded as an ab- atacle.

Mr. Nelson Caatonguay. chief electoral officer who is to be the new representative commissioner, has estimated that it would cost $8 million a year to maintain perman- ent voters’ lists and an additional $2.5 million a year in salaries for ex- tra electoral office staff. But there is evidence that the taxpayers would get good value for their money.

Long-drawn-out campaigns ar a detrimental to business and to the proper functioning of government. They are a relic of the horae-and- buggy days, and have been discarded in many other countries.

Mr. Castonguay spent some iinle last summer in Australia and New Zealand studying systems of voter Tekistration, and will doubtless be prepared to make recommendations for Canada when called upon. Sug. gestions from other sources will also be sought.

Oysters In Scotland

In thinking of British oystens, names like Colchester and Whit- stable come to mind rather than Scotland. And yet, according to a BBC commentator, oysters had been very much a Scottish dish from pre- historic times until comparatively recent years.

Oyster shells al'e found in large- shell mounds, and in kitchen mid- dens of the period from the Stone Age to the Roman occllpation——ao

commonly indeed, that at one time

they must have formed a staple diet. Oysters were being taken from the beds in the Firth of Forth in Neolithic times and there are signs of organised oyster fishing of these same beds in Roman fimeg__mld right up to this century.

Bllt for a variety of reasons, such as change of water temperature, dredging or lll(illSl.l‘lRl pollution of rivers. oysters had become scarcer and soarcer. and by the middle of this century organised oyster fish- ing in Scotland had ceased.

Loch Ryan, in the south west, was one of the most famous fisher- lea in the old times. Back in 1701 King William III gave the Wallace family the oyster fishing rights there. In 1791. according to the statistical account “oysters might be got in great quantities, would people fish for them." But in 1877, after nearly 300 years of controlled fish- ing by the Wallace family, Sir Wil- liam Wallace relinquished his rights and the best of the fishing was opened to all comers. Over 30 boats worked the beds—they became ex- hausted, and in 1964 the fishery closed down.

But now, this famous old fish- ery is being used as an expermental station by the Scottish Marine Bio- logical Association to discover how best to farm oysters on a commer- cial scale in Scotland. With their help, a Coatbridge man, Mr. J. Stevenson, had established a new

commercial bed in Loch Steen, Ar- gyll, and the results of his first marketing season were encouraging.

Another Complication

As a sequel to the recently con- cluded wheat sale agreements with Communist China, the Chinese gov- ernment secured from Canada a substantial concession regarding the export of Chinese textiles to this country. The Canadian government has agreed to the Chinese demand for equating the domestic prices of Chinese textiles with those of Jap- anese textiles, and not with those of U.S. textiles as heretofore.

The adoption of the U.S. price as the base made imported Chinese textiles liable to dumping duly. This, it was complained. had the effect of virtually preventing the entry of Chinese textiles into Canada. The new Canadian concession to China Opens the way for a freer and larger entry of Chinese textiles into Can- ada up to the agreed quota.

Now, from an Indian publication, we find that this deal has hampered the import of Indian textiles into Canada and caused some consign- ments of Indian textiles to be help up. India has been pressing for the lowering of Canadian tariffs on its textiles for some time. “It is hoped," says the complainants, "that the- Olnfidlfifl trovel-nment. will appreci- ate India's difficulty and will have no hesitation in extending to a friendly country and a fellow mem. bed’ of the (‘cmmonweelth the foo- illty which it has been seeking for quite some time.’

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1 Society headquarters after a

”l-lOT l:|NE” FOR THE FUTURE

ilsxreolllou RETURNS

Two American explorers have retllrned to National Geographic

grueling, adventurous, 300-mlle trudge through frozen uplands and dense cloud forests in the Peruvian Andes.

G. Brooks Baekeland and Pet- er R. Gimhel, leaders of the ex- pedition. made a 90-day journey ‘ on foot through the hitherto un- explored wilds of Pol-u'a Cordil- lera Vilcabamba, some $0 mil- es east of Lima. Their survey was sponsored by National Geo- graphic and the New York Zool- ogical Society.

The journey combined modern techniques and old- fashioned ox- ploration. The men made a par-

~ statement asking the domestic

achllte landing on high ground near the Apurlmac River on August 5, then traversed un- known country until they emeti- cd at a lonely mission outpost on a tributary the Urubsmba River on November 2.

TERRA INCOGNITA

“it really brought home to us what the term terra incognito means," said Baekeland. "Dis- tance lost all its meaning for us -—there was only time."

On the way they made scien- tific observations of the flora and fauna, topography. climate, > and other characteristics of the ‘ region. l

Originally they had planned to build an airstrip on the high plateau to enable biologists to 4 land. This proved impossible. i

“From the air the high ground i looked like typical sierra in the 4

we found dry grass growing to : hip depth. Beneath was a thick layer of sphagnum moss and un- der that viscoua mud you could equeeze throllgh your lingers."

The landscape presented “vis- tas like the surface of the moon.

rather featureless, with pools of

still black water. rock peaks came up like needles. it was a beautiful prospect of desolation and emptiness."

Here and there were clumps of gnarled dwarfed trees— “Og- res' Orchards“ ~ covered with thick layers of moss. The “Olzre Trees" provided the only dry:

Our Yesterdays

(From the Guardian Flies)

TWENTY - FIVE YEARS AGO (December H. I938)

A brave act by Thomas Knock- wood of Lennox island, during the recent train wreck Bloomfield Station was public today. Harold Moore the locomotive e n g l n eer, was caught in the overturned cab. Knockwood, despite the warning of the engineer, of escaping steam, set to work with his bare hands to extricate Moore who was half buried in the mud.

OTTAWA Dec. 13 (OP)~—Can- sda's butter surplus has reach- ed such proportions that A. C. Fraser. secretary of the Nation- al Dairy Council has lulled in

consumers to help relieve the situation by using more butter in baking.

TEN YEARS AGO (December 14, loss)

A new library for Breadslbane and surrounding districts ‘was officially opened Dec. 8. in the presence of a large number of people from the area. Cuyler Metheeon. chairman of Bread- elbane Library ‘Committee pre- sided at the public meeting in the Orange Kali.

LONDON. Eng. Dec. M-The Queen the an pnlnt.ment'of Rev. Cuthbert Alk- man Simpson. DD (oxen). pro- feaaor of Old Testament liters- of New York. to the Canonsry at ohrri (lurch

at end Reglua Pro- fessrtrehlp of llilliw at Oxford Utuverah

. by a iwasps." Within 10 minutes he

panloas on the hm! (round, an

a fire to dry clothes and sleep-

ing bags was essential. At night to

‘, the temperature would drop

15 degrees F. “Our canteens would be frozen by morning." Ausust 9 Bllekeland and Glmhel were joined by two other perachutlats. Peter Lake, Dartmouth College student. and Jack C. Joerus. one of the ex- pedition’: three pilots.

A STEEP CLIMB

he group was now pnl 15 air miles from base camp at the Hacienda Luisiana. an outpost

belonging to Senor Jose Parodl, . q

a Peruvian !armer- frontier-sman But the altitude had increased from 2.00060 more than 11,000 feet

The men began their march- out towards one of the upper tri- butaries of the Picha R l v er, -which flows into the Urbubamba thousands of feet below.

Progress became p a l a fully slow. Walking through the dry grass and its jellylike substrat- um of moss and mud was like tramplug through four-foot-deep snow, Gimbel recall . Sometim- es they would advance as little as half a mile in n 10- o u 1' walking day.

The men's 70-pound p a c k s were crammed with equipment. Food was dropped to them by planes every three to six days, weather and terrain rmittlnz.

One day Baekeland was stung swarm of "strange little

' was gasping for breath and suf- » fered temporary loss of his eye-

sight. lle recovered within the hour. Reaching the upper Picks, the

A Grueling Andean Journey National Geographic News Bulletin

llwood available for fires in the l ‘eternally wet upland. Freezing 1 . rain and hail were constant com-

explorers encountered deep can-

yons, narrow gorges. and strong

‘I currents. At times they had to go miles out of the way, hacking through dense undergrowth with machete: at every step.

COLD RAIN. COLD RIVER l Often they waded through the > river‘: frigid waters 25 times in ' one day to avoid huge boulders or massive vertical cliffs.

Each morning during much of the walk they would rise before sunrise, about 42!), climb into wet clothes and eat an almost invariable meal of half a cup of dried be

§ dried fruit,

2 bar. A second chocolate made the evening menu uet."

1 l

b a r ; “a ban- l 1 Near the end of the journey i the group was joined by two lo- ’ cal Indians — e Camps and a Machlguepga. the rivet widened, the men built a balsa- wood raft that often behaved like a submarine. Near the conflu- ence of the Pichs and Urubam- ba Rivers they were met senoir Psrodi in a huge cedar dugout that took them to t he mission and civilization.

Gimbel, 5. is a trustee of the New York zoological Society and , the American Museum of Natur- ‘ al History. A New York invest- ment banker. he is the son of Bernard F. Glmbel, the depart- ment store executive. Backe- land, 42, also is an investment banker in New York and in mem- ber of the Bakelite plastics fam- ily. He is a qualified pilot w h o served all a flying instructor dur- ing World War II.

Jacques A. lalel, famed sports palrachutlsl. was an original . member and colcadcr of the ex-

pedltlon, but illness soon after

his arrival in Peru forced him to oeturn to the United States.

Bonn-Lonclon

by Alan

Canadian Press Staff

Watch for a new mellowneu in relations between Britain and West Germany. Everythinl points that way.

with France making noises about breaking up the European Common Market, London and Bonn are naturally inclined to look around for some kind of escape route from chaos.

Such co - operation is almost certain to be easier under the new chancellor. Dr. Ludwig Er- hard, than it would have been in the days when Dr. Konrad Adenauer had his pockets full of clippings designed to show that Britain M basically antl- German.

There was en element of truth

hl Gaulle'a opposition to European integration.

Unless all the algae are Inla- leadlng, Erhard is unlikely to act as do Gaulle's atoole. The new chancellor has been called "the rubber lion,"

under preeeun, but his brief weeks in office have indicated no ‘trace at week nerves.

In tact, ll-herd seems un- likely to prove himself the ood European bla supporters ve cracked him up to be. And his public statements elsuest be is much more nottttlve to lrltlsh overtures than Adenatter would have been.

The asiblltty of a closer workinll relationship between I been

two governments and

upon them a stronger duty to co-opera ."

The Guardian of Manchester, striking a similar note, says that lrlttsk letseaah larells as-

Co-operation anveywrlter

lncida with those of the federal republic. If de Gaulle really breaks up the Common Market, as he has threatened to do over the agricultural issue. the news- paper auggests that Britain should be ready to offer some kind of trading alternative to support Erhard.

since the Second World War. there has been uneasiness in Anglo - German relations. It would be odd if it took a dil- ruptlve action by France to bring Britain and West Ger- many closer together.

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7

[Nasal Passages Harmed By Drops

ByDr.TheeII'OI.VeIDelhI The non lledellcsle organ and betrea thee:

nosedrops and spraying with strong antiseptic solutions. sinus operations were common and menypersoaa became nasal cripples.

There are many reasons why changes were made. The mem- branes llnlne the nasal passage- ways a us spaces have a definite function to perform.

are eovmerl with an levie- ible coating of mucus secreted from [leads located just be- neath the surface. The secre- tions allde back into the throat and are replaced every 10 min- u n l g h t. T ll e mucus is propelled in direc- tion the throat by thousands of hall-like protections (cilia) that away back and forth. I this regard the flow is not de- pendent upou lravlty.

This important function is disturbed by persistent irrita- tion. In the past. many nose- dropa contained menthol. cam- phor, th y m 01 or eucslyptol. They irritated and destroyed the cilia when used over a lone period. Many of the silver seltl did the same. At any rate. little hope for the future could be ex- pected after the membrane was damaged permanently. Congas- tlon becomes a daily problem because the nasal pssueeways and sinuses lost their main line of defense against bacteria, allergens, and irritants, inclu- ding dust. The nose alse became more sensitive to changes in temperature. drafts, and dry air.

But nasal problems still exist and require treatment. Drugs such as adrenalin, ephedrine, and Tyzine are employed temp- orarily because they relieve congestion. They should not be

that e existed in the credit bualnasr, and disagreed with thoae who

used over long periods. A warm saline solution (‘A ten-

!'ar the let win demands Queltti dine I...osr rreatlialllveatdajaohaleaanp

spoon of salt to a glass of water) is an inexpensive and harmless nasal wash. It can be sniffed from the cupped hand or inserted as drops.

The nose has been spared since we recognized the fact that certain nasal disorders are caused by dust, pollens, ani- mal dander. or foods. Tracklnl down and eliminating the cause is most helpful.

LUNG INFLAMMATION

Mrs. G. writes: How Iona does it take to get over pneu- monltis? I had it six months ago and am still weak.

REPL

You should be well by this time. X-rays and blood to s t s would show whether the infec- tion is still active. An emotion- al dlsorder is suspected if such tests show no abnormality and you are healthy physi-

calls’. l'l' IUPPIIIS A NE!!!)

11.3’. writes: In what way do ‘

thyroid pills affect the body to

regular-lze the menses and take l

off weilht? REPLY

When weight increase and menstrual irregularities are caused by a sluggish thyroid. These conditions are corrected when the deficient hormone

is supplied. HAIR L088 (3.9. writes: Why do more men than women go bald? REPLY

Heredity is the most frequent cause (male pattern baldness). But women do a g o o d job of hiding their hair loss. a condi- tion more common than is reu-

llzed generally. CYCLING AND IIERNIA S.M. writes: Would bicycle

riding aggravate a d e u b l e 9

LY

REP Yes. including the strain of f.

Watch your weight in the forthcoming holiday gatherings.

GOLD ourrtow DMD!

W.ASl~llNG'l‘ON (AP) — The U.S. outflow of gold decreased in the first half of 1963. The net

outflow was 8l9b.000.000 com- pared with $393,000, the

one W?! 1908. The holdings of gold, short-term dollars and ccuv e dollar instruments rose during pe-

Venesuels. Switzerland alv registered only losses.

NOTES BY

THE WAY“

However. as was disqualified. jockey. Marcel Lenses.

E?‘-

hlmeell because he was faster than she was.- Llese. lelslurn. Gentle.

Notblnl could be more reason- able that! for the purchaser eny commodity or service to ask how much its total cost will be. This would seem to be so ele- mental as to be taken for great- ed. but it is not so. The me who borrows $1,000 from a . fla- ence company. or who buys a car for two or time times that sum. needs professional help to tell the true rate of interest he will pay.