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NEW YORK. At his conference after tall, “II-zirdseorrii: °°"9°"BUV¢1y-backed Robert Gor- don Menzies became Australia's Prime lvﬂnister in April 1939, h m. porter for a left-wing newspaper asked the new premier; "r m“ it,

ll |

"Handsome, bright a good mixer, Gordon Menzies (pictured above

Mr. Prime Minister, that you will consult powerful interests who con- trol you before choosing your cabinet.

"Naturally," said Mr. Menzies. "But, young man, please keep my wife's name out o! this."

This story illustrates most of the strengths and weaknesses of Aus- tralia's number one citizen. who has been called "Australia's F.D.R." He will shortly visit the United States on the borne le of s 30,000- the spo ingapors, Libya, England and Console-where his tough countrymen have taken their places in Empire defense. His strength is his quick, logical, informed mind. His weakness stems from his wealthy background, his Flinders Lane (Australia's Wall Street) rr t, and his csustlcally sharp tongue-much has probably

gion him more enemies than en At 4'1. Robert Gordan Menzies,

P.C., KC, LL.M., ls the Empire's yézungest premier. l-le was not born wealth. His father was s middle class l- at Jepsrit on the greet Victor a wheat plains. Scholarships took young Bob Menzies to Wesley College and Melbourne University. l-Ie was graduated at the head of his class, went into law. l-le Krospered. I-le bought a com- fortab suburban house in Mel- bourne, marrled the daughter of Senator Jock bookie. became the father of thaeachlldren. l I

It was inevitable that he should eventually enter politics. Big (6 feet I 24S pounds.) handsome b11ght, he was s. good mixer and athlete. He loves good cigars and I-lls recreations include “tennis, squash, and people."

In 102B he took s first, political toddle. gave up a $l00,000-a-year law ractice to stand successfully for e ection to the state parliament.

Junior F515 Clubs In Peace and War

The Canadian Council on Boys and Girls’ Cub Work again reports on increase for 1040 in the morn- ‘aezshlp of the clubs of the farm boys and girls of Canada. bring- ng the membership up to 47.047, as ompared wltih 45-314 in 1939. Th's s an increase of 1,733 members. "v 3.8 per cent and is ull the more tmarkalble from the fact. that the ‘nor-ease in 1930 was 21 per cent. ‘zrester than in 1938 and is Still ‘rein continued under the dis- tract ng clrcumstanc of war.

A clear p’cture of the steady ed- vanes of junior farm club wort since 1931, the year in which the Canadian Council was organized. ‘s given by a study of the mem- “ership. In 103i. tlhe members num-

sgerb dream prince."

—_I93.’282_iY1—1035:_3§“640_iri 1531533171

A’S F. D. R.’

of Victoria. From there the jump to national politics was easy . Dﬁsllliﬁ his personal charm andi 1100111891109. 30b Menzies is no poli- “ul 311E861‘! dream prince. 0n; the rostrum he shows traces or his law-acquired arrogant courtroom manner. His flat-tanned, Austra- llan-acoented speech has a biting ironicsl edge. He lacks the gift of

Australia's Prime Minister Robert with his wife) is no political man-

compromise.

When Mr. Menzies became prem- ier ln the spring of 1939, he was re- garded by maily Australians as an appeaser, a "Munich man." As late 8s July he believed that "the dic- tators will keep peace in the inter- eits of their own countries!‘ Once the war came, however, he pledged that "Australia stands with Britain l to the last m.an‘anci shilling."

O O

‘To see that Australia fulfilled her . potentialities in aiding tho Empire, i Mr. Menzies has urged strong, sometimes high-handed methods. The recently-passed Emergency POWBrs Bill save him practically dictatorial powers, with the right to conscript men, shillings and machines. 5

As s result, when he stood for reelection last fall. he just squeezed through and his United Australia PB-"Y holds a bare two vole margin over Labor in Parliament,

The narrow margin ls in no way

an indication of popular support of the accomplishments of the Men- zies Dmmlershll) s0 far as the war goes. Whatever the prime minlgigy’; r faults, no one can gainsay that un- der his leadership Australia has gone through s. major industrial revolution. A country the size of the U. S. with a population smaller than that of New York City, Australia has created an aircraft industry of importance. Over 150.000 men are turning out arms and munitions in 1041, as opposed to 2700 in i917. Merohantmen are sliding down Australian ways. She has trained or is training 50,000 pilots-compar- able. on comparative populations, to 1.000.000 in America.

And Bardio, Benghazi, Tobruk

try.

in 1937; 37254 in i938; 45-314 in 1939. and 41.047 In 1940.

‘This steady growth of club mon- bershlp is‘ closely associated year by year with the improvement in the character of the wovk through the adoption of methods designed to make club experience more use- ful and educational to each rncm- ber. The your 1940 proved no ox- ceotion. further Drfiizrese being re- ported in all branches of the work. nsrtfculsrly in the development of that impo:tan.t. factor in successful club work which reaches its peak in efficient lccal leadership. While tlhe mwnbers have been active in carrying out the requirements of their club projects. at the some ifme they have fullv identified themselves with Canada's war ef- fort both by actual participation in providinz food and nctive sslst- ance to tho various welfare societ- ies. as well as their quota of in- vcstment in war snv’nz stamps and certificates. and donations to war

‘vered 21.142, followed bv 21.4w in 1932: 2S.4S_3_ln_l833; 36.700 in 1034:

funds

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PAGE ELEVEN

BLOIISES

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CHARLOTTETOWN

The keystone of British defence in the Near East. remains Egypt. which commands the lines of com- munication between the Orient nnd Europe. Shipping passes through its Suez Canal; from Cairo rall- ways run to Istanbul and Basra. on the Persian Gulf; Alexandria is a vital junction for air routes from Britain to India, Australia is a vital junction for air routes from Britain to India. Australia. and South Africa. Alexandria ls the only important naval base in the Eastern Mediterranean. and Cairo is headquarters of the R.A.F.'s Middle East Command. The vital importance of the Suez Canal led Britain to occupy Egypt in 1882. In-

and Greece are all permanent. test- . lmonlals to Australia's contribution rlyllﬁlyllggiatlllle ligatlgr-iilisg to the defense of her mother coun- m 1936 m the negotmtion '0, a

formal treaty of alliance between Egypt and Britain. In the event 01 Britain becoming involved in war the king of Egypt Promised w furnish on Egyptian soil "all of the facilities and assistance in his power, including the use of his ports, nerodromes, and means of communications" and to take civil measures to handle enemies of Bri- tain. In return Britain promised to withdraw her troops rarlually to the Suez Canal zone, wh 1e Egypt built strategic roads and railways. barracks and other facilities. Bri- tain further proceeded to see to the removal of other restrictions on Egypt's independence and to sponsor her entry into the League of Nations in 1937.

This treaty contributed to the es- tablishment of better relations be- tween the two countries, although grievances were still nursed in Egypt, particularly by the extrem- ist Wafd party who objected to the presence of British troops, to shar- ing with Britain control over i-he Sudan, and to the dominance of British capitol. However, when Bri-

i” -—

The Importance of Egypt

BRINGING UP FATHER

taln declared war on Germany EBYDt loyally broke with Berlin. de- clared the country to be in a "Siiite of siege" although not belligerent, and took measures to curb German activity. when Italy declared war. Egypt two days later severed re- lations with Rome and took action against its considerable colony of Italians. It was a. week befoze the Italian Minister" left Cairo. where he remained in the hope of stirring up trouble at the last moment. When the Italians hlvaded Egypt last September, martial law was extended to the entire country and severe measures taken to curb in- terference of all kinds with the na- tional defencc. Yet Egypt still con- slders herself neutraLIn spite of the presence on her soil of belligerents from both sides and the attacks on her own cities and citizens by Ita- lian airplanes. In hope of strength- ening groups frlendlv to her, Rome has not declared war on Egypt. King Farouk is an ambitious young man who has frequently been ac- cused of pro-Axis symPMhlW. b“! is probably most interested in en- hancing his own personal power. Although Egypt. is OIIIClAlly a con- stitutional monarchy. the Palace influence is strong. Up to the time of Italy's entry into the wnr the premier was All Maher Pasha. a stro friend of Britain who was force to resign last June presum- ably because the Chamber would not assent to his demand for a de- claration of war. He was able to declare that Egypt would take an active part. in the war only if the Italians invaded Egyptian soil, bom- barded Egyptian towns, 0r carried out air rs ds against Egyptian mili- tary objectives. But his successor. Hsssan Ssbry Pasha, answered Italian air raids on Alexandria mid Cairo and the advance in Sldi Bar- rani only with a note of protest to Rome. After his sudden death in

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November Sabry was succeeded by Hussein Slrry Pasha, a man With

no party backing chosen by the kin to continue the middle-Of-tlle roa policy. This policy is criticiz- ed. on the one side bv the recently re-elected president of the Cham- ber, Ahmed Maher Pasha, and s small following who desire particip- ation in the war on Britain's sidﬁ and on the other side by the Waf- dlsts who want to make capital 0f Britain's difficulties.

The mass of the people prefer to remain as they are. There seems to be little popular appreciation of the ideological issues at stake. Na- tionalism has so long been direct- ed against Britain that anti-Bri- tish feelings can be exploited by the diligent Axis pronssandisls» The recent Axis-inspired coup in Iraq is evidence of the sort of ac- tivity which may be instigated in nil Arab countries in connection with the Axis push towards the East. There is plenty of evidence that Arab leaders fear Italian and German imperialism, but they are divided by feuds and many are will- ing to play the Axis game for per- sonal advantage. It. is difficult to know whether renewed Axis pres- sure on British bases in Egypt will rally the Egyptians to defence of their country. Their refilsal heretofore to fulfil their threats against Italy, rouses sus- picion. It should be point/ed out, iowcver. that nItIlOllRh technically Italian troops pushed well into Eypzptlan territory last autumn. they moved only Into the western deserts. Egypt proper consists of the delta of the Nile where almost the entire population is concentrat- ed. An actual miH/aw attack 0n this country would be a real test of Egyptian desire to resist. The main defence would, oi‘ course, be carried out by the mechanized British forces, niihough the Egyptians could-bourseful in attacklmz star supply lines. At the beginning of the war Egvut had a first-line armv of 32.000 with reserves of 8.000, said to be well equipped with

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modern arms and trained with the advice of a Britain mission. Egypt has launched an extensive pro- gramme for the coastal and anu- aircraft defence of Alexandria. Her other anti-aircraft artillery is dis- posed in accordance with the advice of the British Command. Last surn- mer the Field army consisted of one division and one mechanized cavalry brigade. In December a wartime budget of £48.000.000 was announced. suggesting a consider-

Iillage Methods

T0 Pnonucs 110m: snows razos ron rm: nsmv 11am)

(Experimental Farms News)

In the effort to supply dairy pro- ducts to help fill Great Britain's needs no fac or is of greater im- portance than the economical pro- duction of home grown feeds, states the Field Husbandry Division. Dom- inion Experimental Forms Service, particularly the cultivation or til- lage methods used in their produc- tion. Soil cultivation opsfatlons which include ploughing, cultivat- ion, harrowlng and seeding, require itikgreat amount of farm power and

e.

Eixperimenis by the Field Hus- bandry Division, Experimental Farms Service over a long period of years have shown that plozigh- ing 4 inches deep is as satisfactory from a yield standpoint as plough- ing 7 inches deep and requires less time and energy to do the work. Cultivation for grain and hay crops, be early in the spring as the land is fit to work. has usually result- ed in better stands and hlahcr yields than later sccdiligs, and af- fords a more equitable distribution of labour. Depth of seeding is very important. Experiments SIlOW that grasses, ciovers and illfllll) swds ‘germinate best st one half inch or

ess; mnngels and boots about 1 inch deep; cereal grains 2 inches 3

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many reliable sources showin the rota st which various cups s ould. be sown. These recommended riﬂes should be carefully studied and. closely followed,

Where weeds are troublesome af- ter harvest, cultivation following sod or ain crops is usually help- ful, par icuiariry in preparation for a. cultivated crop. Under such cir- cumstances, corn should be seeded. the following spring in chock rows if possible to permit two way cul- tivation and eliminate hoelus. or in straight. uniformly spaced drills so that early cultivation can be dons close to the row and reduce hoeing to n. minimlun, Iiarroxvlnq corn 0r potatoes _lllSi'l nftor they emerge through the ground will of- ten destroy mahy vivpoci seedlings. Where no weeds are present, culli- vation of oom or similar crops may be dispensed with almost entirely, as cultivation does no", effect. the growth of the c0911 d.“.'o."tl,\'. bu: only as it controls wood.- nml their competition with the vi-op.

For further details in connection with various tlllazc mrthods write to the Field Husbandry Division. Central Experimental Farm. Ol- tawa or to the nearest l-Tmorllncn- tal Farm m‘ Agricultural College

Peru has decreed that cows un- der l0 years of age cannot be slaughtered.

g EXAMINATION y;

Fitting and Supplying Glasses ) Etc. g

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