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PAGE FOUR z___ *_—

I" GUARDIAN. CHARLUFPETUWN

Tm: GUARDIAN

Morning Dally (Faundad in i087) Authorized an tiaransl Claaa lloil, Pan Offioa Department. Ottawa.

The lalnad Guardian Puhliahiag Co. ‘Editor and Managing Dlraolor. J. ti. Bulletin

Aaaaelnia Editor, Frank Wllkal

_"The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest Ink."

GARLOTTETOWN. SATURDAY, AUGUST M, I048

A Memorable Exhibition

Horse racing has been a popular feature of our Provincial Exhibition for many years, and there is no doubt, from the concentrated inter- est shown by the thousands who overflowed the grandstand and bleachers this week that public enthusiasm is at its highest pitch. The vaude- rille features, excellent as they were, scarcely irew b passing glance from many of the fans, who, between the heats, were busy pouring over their racing cards or discussing prospective win- eers in the next event. To less zealous follow- tis of the sport, the variety of the programme vas appreciated, and a welcome improvement was provided by the mobile starting gate which lid away with the former tedious delay in get- hng the horses started.

The livestock entries, particularly the fine showing in the cattle classes, were of outstanding nterest and the favourable comments of the ludges indicated that the high standard of ether years was fully maintained. O-f much in- lerest too were the poultry and swine exhibits. showing the marked improvement in production -snd quality which has brought these industries rery much to the fore in recentyears.

Ona of the most valued features of Old Home Week is the opportunity given for family reunions and for meeting old friends and ac- quaintances of other years from ‘ all parts of Canada. This year thera was a large number at American visitors as well, some of trhem mak- hrg their first acquaintance with the Island and ethers proudly proclaiming themselves to be 'repeoters."

The Exhibition management are to be con- |ratulated upon the success of their efforts in presenting a splendid week's entertainment, de- spite the unsettled weather conditions which necessitated postponing yesterday's racing pro- gramme until today. The absence of traffic accidents of any kind is also a matter of com- mendation, reflecting much credit upon the traf- fic police, who handled a big job with marked efficiency.

The Butter Situation

Big news was made this week by the ex- ecutive of the National Dairy Council in a brief submitted to the Dominion Cabinet. For the first time the Council has suggested, under certain circumstances, the desirability of authorizing the sale of a suitable butter substitute until such time as the butter supply is sufficient to meet the demand of Canadian consumers. This ls interpreted as referring to margarine, but it is well to stress the reservations contained in the recommendation. The first and foremost request of the Council is that the Government take immediate steps to import a sufficient quan- tity of butter to meet minimum requirements. Failing this, it should re-introduce a system of consumer rationing. Only if the Government is unable to implement either of the above recom- mendations is it suggested that the ban on but- ter substitutes be temporarily removed.

As evidence of good faith, the Council has offered its complete co-operdtion to meet the present serious butter shortage,—a shortage which it had predicted several months ago when it urged the Government to adopt a long-term dairy policy as the only effective means of meet- ing the situation. h,

The brief presents ample evidence to re- fute the contention advanced in some quarters that the dairy interesth are seeking monopolistic control, Here are some pertinent facts:

The number of milk cows on farms as of December I, I947, was 3,666,000 or seven per cent lower than the i937 to_i94i average of 3,949,000 head. The number of heifers report- ed on farms is also discouraging and shows a decline of 2.9 per cent for December I947, com- pared with December i946. The export of dairy cattle to the United States continues in in- creasing numbers totalling more than 50,000 head for the first six months of this year, or double that of the corresponding period a year ago. On the basis of the average production per cow, the milk produced by dairy cows ex- ported during the first six months of i948 would represent about one quarter of a billion pounds of milk, or the equivalent of more than i0 mil- lion pound_s of butter. .

The population increase of one and one- half million consumers represents a growth of i3 per cent in Canada's population since i940. Milk production, on the other hand, is not ex- pected to be more than 3 per cent above pro- duction in i940. In i942 Canadians consumed 1,283 pounds of milk per capita in all dairy products. In addition 800 million pounds were fed an farms. At this rate of consumption, it would require 17,300 million pounds of‘ milk In i948 to supply domestic requirements alone.

Fluid milk and cream sales, while down aamawhat from tlla high consumption level of ‘I947, are still above the average reported dur- ing the years i942 to i946. _

Cheese production for i948 is not, expect- ad to exceed I00 million pounds. The domestic market which is generally recognized as the molt profitable outlet, requires 55 to 65 mil- lln pounds of choose annually. On the basis I a. total production of IN million pounds, this would laava only 35 to 45 million pounds alelraasa for export.

Concentrated milk production continues to amend and a naady market appears to be

whole milk, condensed whole milk and whola milk powder that can be produced. A skim milk powder cohtract for 16.8 millicn pounds to be provided by Canada for the International Chil- dren's Emergency Fund will ensure a ready ex- port market-for this product during the cur- rent year. -

Ceiling prices on butter, the only dairy product now subiect to price control, have been, with one interlude, maintained for many years, and have not allowed a return to the farmer in line with returns from alternative outlets. for milk and other agricultural commodities. (It requires 9 quarts of milk to make a pou-nd of butter, and the present ceiling price gives the producer only about 68 cents for the milk used, compared with about 95 cents for an equival- ent amount of milk sold on the fluid market.) It is significant that during the free market- ing of butter, June to Dec-ember, i947, the ris- ing market, rapidly reflected in advancing prices for butterfat, was accompanied by a production increase of nearly I7 million pounds over the previous year.

It is the Council's opinion that under ex- isting conditions the butter shortage will con- tinue through to April 30, i949. Estimated stacks of creamery butter on Aug. I, i948, were nearly l3 million pounds less than a year cgo. When it is considered that supplies in i947 were about i0 million pounds short of meeting requirements last winter, it is apparent that even under the most favorable production conditions the demand cannot be met without obtaining supplies from other sources. To do so would require an increase in creamery production over last year of approximately 20 per cent fmm Sept. i, i948 to April 30, i949. , Finally——and this is worllh noting particu- larly—the House of Commons Special Commit- ‘tee on Prices found definitely that "pro-fiteer- ing an the part of the dairy industry did not take place."

EDITORIAL NOTES --

Tomorrow, VJ-Day i945. O I i I

Tomorrow, iZth Sunday after Trinity. i fi i i

The Governor-General in residence here. i i fi i

Illustration Field Days begin Monday at the Noonan Farm, Richmond. a a‘ a a

The -Vice-Regal party leave on return to

Ottawa next week. I I I I When His Excellency went af-ishing at Mor- ell Thursday he was greeted by a little chap with the scllute—"lt'll cost you twenty-five cents to fish here, Mister!" ~ I I I Q As for longevity i0 per cent of the British people are over sixty-five, and the percentage is expected to rise still further during the next twenty years.

I The Government gives several reasons why the long awaited trans-Canada highway is not to b_e started for some-time. lt seems unlikely that any of them would have carried much weight in an election year. i "k ‘It I It is probably wishful thinking but the com- ing visit of the Hon. R. W. Mayhew shows that he expects to retain the much iuggled Fisheries portfolio long enough to make it worth while to learn at first hand something about the fisherman's problems. I O I I

After tonight another Old Home Week will just be a pleasant memory of good racing, amus- ing midway and a live stock exhibit we can all" be proud of, together with pleasant reunions, agreeably surprised tourists and well-satisfied

storekeepers. I I i

There are Rihode Island Reds, Plymouth Rocks, etc., and it is natural for a farmer's son's attention being fixed upon .them. In school the teacher had recited "The Landing of the Pilgrims." Then she requested each pupil to draw from his or her imagination a picture of Plymouth Rock. Most of them went to work at once, but one little fellow hesitated and at length raised his hand. "Well, Willie, what is it?" asrked the teacher. "Please, ma'm do you want us to draw a hen or a rooster?" . a . .,

John Galsworthy, English novelist and play- wright, born this date i867; first revealed his characteristic style and method in The Island Pharisees published in i904 and re-issuad in ra- vised form in i908; it is a criticism of English character, society and institutions. In succeed- ing novels showed himself as much a social psychologist as a writer of fiction. His plays dis- play the some qualities and are models of con- construction. They include, novels: The Man of Property, The Patrician, The Dark Flower, A Sheaf, Five Tales, Another Sheaf, Saint's Progress. His play, The Skin Game, attained great success: "I drink the wine of aspiration and' the drug of illusiorl. Thu: I.am never dull."

"England is still regarded--and rightly- (soys The Spectator) as the author and begetter of the best breeds of farm _stock. The sale of these does not amount to a persuasive figure in the national income; but the breeding of good stock is the very backbone of husbandry, even psychologically, and it would be o na- tional disaster if the clamour for grain and milk were allowed to discourage (as seams not unlikely) this branch of agriculture. It is sur- prising, though capable of explanation, that farm horses are not admired as are cows and sheep and even pigs. That glorious-and most intelligent creature-the Shire hone, is often compared unfavourably by foreigners with the Percheron, for example. Happily, It continues

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vueuc FORUM

This column lo open to ihe I discussion by earreapondenta ' of questions o! interest. The i Guardian doea not ueoeanr- ‘- ily endorse the opinion at I l correspondents. g’.

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EMPHATIC DISCLAIMER.

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Sun-Due to several personal inquiries received, I think it only right. and proper that. the public should know that the "IronLung" exhibit at the llbshlbltlon grounds was, and ls. ln no way connected with the Tuberculosis League. The T. B. League owns and orp- eretes, through the generous sup- port. of the public, the only mobile X-ray unit in the Province. I am. Sir, etc.. EARL TAYLOR. President, T. Br Leagruo.

Sermonless Services

(St. Cetharlnes Standard) _ A hot weather tendency 1n she- clugrches of the Unite/st States ls roundly scared by Dave Boone.

brilliant columnist of The New York Sun. He comments: I see where Dean Inge says

that. sermons ere of little use. "la rs like throwing a bucket of water over s row of narrow-necked bottles. A drop or two may flncll a way inside now and then." he SIsYS.

Well, to my way of thinking. the Dean ls just. setting o. new high for gloomlness. People are starving for good sermons. These is e greater need today for power- ful pulpit talks than ever before. But too few preachers are both- ering to prepare them and de- liver ‘em with a wallop.

Ancl it's amazing how many churches drop them entirely dur- ing the summer, when they are needed more than at any other time ln the year.

It's hard to understand this catering to folk who are In a hurry to get. the spiritual lite it. sorely needs until the importance a1 forceful talk from the pulpit. ls restored.

The motor car, the call of the bathing beaches. golf and other games. n0 doubt account for dis- pensing with the formality of s sermon. Three are still manv people in this world, they may be old-fashioned by present. day standards, who derive comfon, solace and strength from the pul pitwana from sermons which m- vlte serious thinking and refrac- tlon. Good preaching has made many a church militant. and there is no substitute for it.

National Defense Plans

(Canadian Ordnance Association) With the foreseen entry at Newfoundland into Confederation with Canada the question arises haw this will affect. the broad picture of our national defense plans. Certain it ls that. ln the irsxb annual budget allocations wzil have to be made to include the setting up of air stations and possibly naval bases in Newfound- land. The questlomls will this be cone at the possible risk of otlser projects in Cane-do suffering or will more money be fauna Iui‘ this. As a military power in he." cwn right Newfoundland is neg- lzglble. She has few manufactur- ing concerns that could be con- verted lnto war prod otlon and little or no military ea pment. a! her own. Her biggest assets are natural resources, military bases and the well known fighting qtnlltlea of her rugged citizens. Again the thought arises how when Newfoundland becomes s pert of Canada will we cope with the situation of American troops and baree being located on our territory. It must be remembered that the United States was given a ninety-nine year leaee on mill- tary and novel bases in ‘the island colony by Greet. Britain. Will {he seceptenoa of this establish a precedent of American troops trair,'ng in our country in panca- tlmet How will this be received by other nations and will can- ado’: prestige aa a. free mtinn suffer accordingly!

Also it. is a recognised loot. that. Canada could only offer token resistance should a strong foreign power attack our shares. Can we therefore commit ouraalvaa to the extending of our already limited

loci

ITHRLY

MOON y

r The baby moon, a canoe, a silver, papoose canoe, sells and Sills‘ in the Indian west. l

A Ping of silver foxes. a mist. of‘ silver‘ foxes. sit and sll; around the Indian moon. .

One yellow star for a runner, and| rows of blue stars for moral runners, keep a lino ofl watchers.

O foxes. baby moon. runners. you are the panel of memory, fire-white writing tonight 01> the Red Man's dreams. l

Who squats. legs crossed and arms,

folded. matching its look;

against the moon-face. thei star-faces of the West?

are the Mississippi Valley

ghosts, of copper forehends.|

riding wiry ponies in the nlghtJ-na brldles, love-arms} on the pony necks. rldlna in; the night a long old trail? | do they always oome back: when the silver foxes sit, around the early moon. a sll.‘ ver papoose, in the Indian ‘west?

Who

Why

-Cu.rl Sandburg.

I Disappearing ‘Shakers’

(St. Thomas Times-Journal)

The lest of the "Shakers" hovel left New Lebannon, New York, and gone to join the survivors of the, colony at. Hennon, EIaSSlChuSflletiq There were only seven in. New York.‘ State. and there are only six at Hannon. The other members of‘ the sect. are at. Sabbath Day Lake,"

lne. and Canterbury, New

mpshire, numbernz b1 people. i

A cehtury ago there were about‘ 5,0170 JShakers" in the United States. They were founded in; England in I758 by Ann Lee, but, their queer ways and noisy religious demonstrations angered the public, and caused them to seek sanctuary in the United States, where they established themselves at a place near Albany which is now the town Lwatervllet. Nat far from there was Lebannon, noted for its‘ fervent religious meetings, and the members of the “Mlllenlal Church." or United Society of Be- lievers," as they called themselves, won many converts, the excitable, methods of the "Speakers" making; a strong appeal to their ematloris.' "Mother Ann” was the chief pastor, and she carried on a campaign all over the‘ New Ekigland States. _

The "Shakers" got their name from the fact. that they would sit motionless for hours waiting for God to move them, then they would suddenly start up, singing dllwlmz. whirling. lumping, tremb- ling and shouting, going ground 1H (YIPCIGS- On more than one occasion Ann was sent. to jail, on filtmlllalnt of the neighbors, for disturbing the peeve.

They held the belief that God was both man and rwocnan, and that. Christ. would return to earth as a woman. As late as 1866, the English branch of the church which met in the New Forest, Hampshire. had a member, Ana Girlln! ‘who claimed tn be Jesus Christ. The "Shakers" do not believe in marriage and depend on conversion for their continued existence.

Apart from their fanaticism, the FWD were good farmers, made agricultural machinery, furniture and textiles. At. one time they had about 20 colonies in all Unltgd States, as for south as Kentucky, The eo or more existing mgmbgyg are all said to be old, and 1i, looks as if t-he organization will soon be extinguished.

PIANO INDUSTRY SLUMPS

N

HAMBURG. Germany - mu“. l9") "' GQPMIHY‘: world-famous piano industry is in the doldruml. Uni-ii i925. German Production was about 100.000 instruments a your. Now it has shrunk to an on. lllllI output of 2.400 from the only s: factories that msrvlvsu, the

—-i--._ TAILOR-III!)

Th0 l-lllitY-blrd le a small bird, native to India, and other ports of Asia, where it faeas on m!‘ and other insects.

E Old Charlottetown g‘ ( (And P. E. l.) i

At. 2 o'clock 0n the otter-noon of Saturday, November 28. "W" came from. the southern bank of

THE SOUTHERN RAILWAY

the I-Illlsboro the triumphant blast, or Kitchen‘: locomotive pro- claiming that Scuthport and

Murray River had been connected with that double steel link forty- two and a hols miles in length known as the Southern Railway; that. track laying was over for the season, and that. an important stage had been reached ln the progress of a great undertaking. The bsllastlng of about l2 miles of track, and the building of the stations, will form part of next springs operations. The extension of the road to Murray Harbour will be dealt. with shortly.

The preliminary survey of this work was made in the summer of, 1 , by H. J. MacKenzle, C.E., rwlt Walter colpltts as transit rmen and H. I-I. Shaw as leveleln-

In January, 1900. Premier Fbrquharson, Attornew General D. A. Macxlnnon, and Hon. Ben], Rogers were appointed a dele-

gatlon to Ottawa, where they had e conference with Railways Minister Blair and Sir L. H.

Davies, who constituted e oom- mlttee or council representing the Dominion Government. Terms were agreed upon for the con- struction of the lllsboro Bridge at. a cost to thl Province of $9,000 annually. In March, during the session of the Dominion Parliament, Hon. W. S. Fielding brought dorwn in his estlrmates for 190001 the sum of $713,000 for the bridge and railway.

May 23 of the some year, amid t-he firing of cannon, the shriek of steam whistles and the flying of flags, lhqflrst sod of the rall- way was turned at Mutchk Point, Southpcrt, by Mrs. McIntyre. wife of Lieutenant Governor P. A. McIntyre.

The work of construction was divided into forur sections, the first. 111A miles from Boubhport to Village Green being in charge of J. A. Meagher, Knoxville and Tennessey Railroad. From Village Green to Grand View. N. W. V. Matheson was in charge, assisted by J, F, Owen, Th9? made their hear-quarters at Vernon River. J. A. Roule huu the section frcm Grand View to Wood Islands, and .1’. A. MacLean the balance of the line. A. F. Lawrence, C-En was the divisional engineer who lied charge of the whole under H. J. MacKenzle. W. H. Sullivan, C.E,. another assistant engineer, has been engaged on the work since 1900,

Willard Kitchens contract call- ed for clearing, fencing, ballestlng, building the culverts and tempor- ary trestles, and laying the rails. During the course of the work he employed at. one time as many as ‘T50 men. The wages ranged from $1.26 to $1.50 for ordinary lobar- 9". and $2 i0 $3 for stone cutters and builders. He had from 20o to 300 horses at work and the grad_ in: appliances included from '75 m 100 Dlvlllths. 2C0 carts, and over 100 whee‘ed scrapers. There are i" Present an the line four loco- "Wllm W! 40 rm. all brought by tugs and scaws to Murrgy RN"- Wheh the nrndlng was completed and ballastlng begun Mr. Kitchen added to his plane a steam shovel. the best a1 ll; kind In the Merltlmes, gnd eh, first used on Prince Edward Island,