'NatIonal Revenue confirms this reputation.

1-s-

PAGE FOUR

THE GUARDIAN

Authorised as Second (flass .'tlIil Post. office l)epart.mcnt. Ottawa. The Thomson ('0. Ltd.

it makes comprehensive recommendations on this country's general fiscal policy.

Economy is the keynote of the brief. it is recommended that a Royal Commission be set up to make a careful and detailed analysis of the administrative efficiency of Government departments. the nature and scope of Government activities having changed materially over the years. The Government is commended for its efforts to improve competency of performance but it is noted that duplication of function may be inherent in the departmental character of our form of government and that there has been a continuance of the overlapping services which received considerable im- petus in the Second World War.

The pressing need for economy is the necessity of achieving and maintaining a competitive cost structure and of avoiding rigidities in our fiscal system. Further social welfare measures, it is advised, should only

Editor and Manager. lIn A. Biurnertt. Associate Editor. Frank Walker. ('lRCl.'f.A'l'ION "(lovers Prllii-it liiilwaril fslaml like the dew"

"The strongest memory is weaker than the weakest ink". cHAiu.o1"rErou N. SATUKDTY, ran. in. 1954 .i.A. T. i , A....:....,A.

A centuries Old custom

Nobody knows for certain when or where the custom of giving valentines be- gan. Students riicgiiig into ancient legends find that the ciirly Christian calendar lists a number of saints named Valentine or Valciitiiius. Two could qualify as special patrons of romance. Bishop Valentine of the tliird-century tnwi1'of Interumna Na- bars in ("3llil'tll Italy was reputed to have be undertaken as nationai productivity rises married couples secretly, in defiance of an and then to a iessei. extent than totai rev. imperial order that young men should re-tenue increase wouid permit in order to main single and available for army service. i ieave ii margin tot. reduction of taxes. Another story, equally romantic and un-it panticuiai. exception is taken in confirmed. has it that a Roman priest-'bi.ief to the Suggestion that nniy minor physician czillcd Valentine was imprisoned savings can be made in Contmiiahie ex. for supporting the new Christian faith. He nenditures of 3 nOn.defenCe character he. became friendly with his jailei"s blind Cause these represent just 8 smaii segment. dallgmmi 1'95i”r”l ll” Vision and beforeiof total budgetary expenditures. "If there S--?.T”.f.I.”';E.i1T l::;.:.i::fs I 5-;.o--i; vrzvgriv

D. t t 't t - poine ou, i eycou aveacumuaive

::Cq:":1't-W pliostalc m5tt:”a”.5 tmslst that 3"-V effect which would be substantial. Indeed, 3 C 3 '9” W ""9" if Sflm 5 Mme 3V 0i; the very size of the tax load borne by Cana- darts -"ind Plank-I" diant: carriis it a diretctt responsibilitfy - 1- on e ar 0 overnmen 0 increase e -

One theory relates the origin of Valen- ficiencypjn nii departments and to reduce tine ”1ema”””S T” Wclchristian Rome's expenditures wherever it is in the public festival of Lupcrcalia. Held around tbetintei-est to do 50." middle of February, this festival was an occasion of feasting, dancing and rcvclry to welcome the spring.

Another explanation of the boy-meets-i girl theme of February 14 is found in the medieval belief that this was the datel when all birds wooed and mated. Chaucer. in his ”Parlement of Foules," used this idea in the 14th century when he wrote, ”For, 21: Vu'!t"is Ion Sc.tvrntthV'altcinlyr'ln6'S (Iial'- When: Sweden where the international ski cham-

i 1 ou conic or o c oose iis mate.' i - -

Whaicwl" its beginning, Valentine?! tll)l:glSrl)Otl'(l:dliSy.the Federation Inter- I?-V has been enthusfiasticany C919-bratedl national de Ski. Competition will be from I..2f”.f.3;?t12J';? .::;:;:.::i:::-....?i::.:::":::i : 553” 3” 1?? details: but Th? .'.'eiicral forms of obscrvancel mg em em y emg "W0 W i -the presentation of such gifts as flowers, gloves, slV(I(Ilg' and ieweiryt and the nmi, In estimating distances, the Chinese testations of undying invevnme remained i once used a double scale of milage, says the remal-kglilly (l(')nglant' iNational Geographic Society. One was for ' long "uphill miles", the other for the short- er "downhill miles." They seem to have

EDITORIAL NOTES

Tomorrow, Septuagesima.

Tomorrow. St. Valentine's Day. 0 O 0

Some of our snow might be welcome in

o ole

Main Task missed out on the short miles of the local F, H t. ."T” t . inhabitant and the long miles of the API) patriotic Canadian will sym- Strangeiz receiving directions.

pathize with those individuals and groups-

who are pleading with the Government to enact legislation that would outlaw Com-C Gaining knowledge at first hand is the inunisni. it is doubtful. however, that any aim of 3 gmup elf M0m1'em studems who such legislation would serve any very use-irecemly look i” a court Sessmn "3 learn mi nurnosei ii.nt.i.e it has been tniedgtne how criminal courts are administered. This United States and South Africa are two might be termed gettmg the practical with notable instances-it has failed; indeed,llhe mem'etical'

some competent. observers claim it has: ' made matters worse instead of better. Coni- munism is an idea, and there is no record l disagreed with an automobile and steel

in history to show that an idea ever has i Wmkersi brief which largely blamed 5 de' been pl-adicalhd hy fiat. cline in farm purchasing power for the

ri-ht. first i.m.(.t of Cninnninistiotniawi troubles of the farm implement workers. lng legislation would be to drive Com-.1t Seems like!-Vi h0weV"' that farmers muiiism further and further undergroundlw””1d agree with the farm implement and st, rnnnnr it won more dangemust l makers that sales would boom provided Then, too. it would savour too much of the l ""3 fm'm9l' was making m0"9y- Conimunlsts' own method of suppression oft mmm'"y ”il.””””?ii5 Tim that ihc Very thing! John Hunter, Scottish surgeon and an- the Free Vi,m"d is i?'('d'r39d i0 wmbai? i atomist. was born this date 1728. After

The main 0hJPPi10n in Cnmmllnism-01' considerable surgical experience he took Fasmsm 0? if”-V mhfl” mini Oi Doiiiicnilpart in an expedition to Belleisle under au'h0n'a1"-'i'"-W-is that it is tyrannical! Admiral Hawke in 1761 during which he and CZlllOllSl.V.t'l0Dl'lVDS the individual of his studied the conditions of the coagulation mzhls mid "'”""”9S ””d0" ill" in” Thci of the blood. The following year he serv- niaiii task of the Froc World is to showl ed with the Bi-llish army in poi-lugnl, ac. people OV0l'tVll'llt”l'P. and especially the liuii- , quii-ing a knowledge of gunshot wounds dl'C(lS Of lY'lIlll()l1S Wllf) Ill llllS moment 8l'fi and inflammation. He was a pogr lecturer in the border liinds between Democracy . and never had many pupils but has been and Communism. that it has, in fact, aicalled by some the founder of nclentific philosophy and way of life infinitely better i surgery, , and more practicable than the throttling t 0 icnets of any totalitarian system. Next to The London Times recently carried 3 iii?” ii 15 inlllmtiahi in Show all and SUn- . picture of a coin bearing close resemblance m'-V "ml ill” 5i"0”.3lh 0i ihis Way Of iiieito the familiar Britannia penny. Above does not depend on the rule of arbitrarviwns the inscription, "B.-lhmnia"; but the mrcct bl" ”l”'””l” 0" ihf? Tight Oi each i coin was in fact minted by Antoninus Pius individual to be governed by his conscience (A1), 133.151), who succeeded Had;-lan as ln the matter -of belief, subject only to the Emperor and like him, will n wnll ac;-055 proviso that his beliefs shall not be permit- the island (from the pol-lh lo the Clyde), ted to result. in treasonable acts of violence The min was of hi-355 and intended, accord- ugmllst the mmman Secufiiyo ing to the experts, to celebrate one of the frequent Roman pacifications of Britain. For many centuries, it would seem. such a figure had no appeal for the people of the ilsland Kingdom. Available accounts of British coinage make no mention of it in the Saxon or Norman periods. Edward Ill issued a "noble" bearing on the reverse the figure of the king in a ship, apparently with reference to the naval victory at Sluys. , But angels. roses, crosses, St. George and the Dragon, appear to have been the preferred symbols through many succeeding reigns. . According to The Times article, it was not until the reign of Char- les II that Britannia was "borrowed" from the ancient Roman coin.

O O 0

Trade and Production Minister Howe

Canadian Economy

Canadian businessmen and others in this country have the reputation of being conservative in the financial sense wiiatevei” their politics may happen to be. The brief of the Canadian Chamber of Commerce hubmltted to the Ministers of Finance and

The executive council of the Chamber, representing some 700 Boards of Trade and Chambers of Commerce in all the Prov- flnces. reiterates earlier recommendations for the more just and equitable application of vapioin forms of taxation. In addition

the l

The world rulingi

.Tl-IE GUARDIAN.

CHARLOTTETOWN

, Season's Greetings 1

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mien

PUBLIC FORUM

ThlI column II open In the dlacuulon by correspondent: of questions of interest. The Guardian does not necessar- Ily gndorse the opinion of eorreIpont'.cnt.I.

i l l EDUCATIONAL STANDARDS I i

Sir.-It has been my good for- tune to have read Dr. Hilda Neat- i by's "So Little for the Mind" with- in the past month or two. Those iwho have read the book will real- ize what in it. has prompted me to comment on some of the stim- ulating thoughts she has present- ted there. I dare say it has always been lpOSSllllE to write ii scathing criticism of thc prevailing educa- ltional system--any giycn era. If lthe little red school house lied ifire enough to heat the whole Iroom. there were some who had 'io sit too close to the stove. If the town school had central heat- ing. bright varnislied desks and sufficient light. there were always poorer children who had great difficulty feelinlz at ease in such lavish surroundings. If school authorities in.'stcd iliatlnn edu- cated person icct certain intel- lectual stiinilards, there were al- ways those ulto could not reach those standards. If the prevail- ing opinion was that the teacher should discipline the pupils, there were always those who were more ilisciplincd than others. it was always possible to find fault with the schools. It is possible to find fault wiili the schools today. But the faults of progresslvist educa- tion are horses of different colors ithan the faults already llllll.2tl at. l'I'hcy are. different horses even.

In the space remaining to me.- I shall draw upon Dr. Neatby's book, common sense and on any other idea I may have come upon anywhere. I have no stakes on originality. I expert that you will not demand sources for state- mcnis when I admit it universal plagiarism.

While ll endorse Dr. Neatby': hook in many general and par- ticular ways, the book will gair. nothing from such endorsement. Gain will come from pursuing thi- matter further. And, I suppose, the most obvious criticism of her book would bring attention to the pervasive aristocratic tone of her argument. One is tempted to conclude that for her. cducritior is thought. of as existing for the (ultured few as opposed to the Vulgar many. Speaking of the many she says. "The many--iirihib lng their 'unlquc valur-' and tin-

iinile worilfemust still live on by the efforts of the few-- and everyone admits some truth in what she says. The truth here

is like the poignant odour of in fine cheese. it is all the more poignant hr-cause the cheese is rotten.

An adequate treatment of flu above quotation might well lake in book to consider properly. But the book would have in find ade- quate Inswcrs to at least those questions: Of what value Is the work of those who have pur- posely limited their experiences and interests? were Strauss waltz:-s and Shakespearean plays and universal suffrage the pro- ducts of single men's genius only?

But we have not begun at the beginning. Prngresslvist education as It developed from John Dewey and his predecessors has been at- lncked before. Robert M. Hutch- ins. former Chancellor of the Uni- verslty of Chicago, was one of the more brilliant attackers. He has done I huge service to common sense. hut not everyone of his followers has been pinned to ac- cept "to carry on the great con- versaiion about the nature and destiny of man" as the supreme goal of academic education. The Itatement. however. assumes sev- eral things which are useful II polnta do reperen In I worthwhile discussion of education. It Is- numes first that the "great con- lveriiatlon" has been going on for at least hundreds of centuries. John Dewey was not the first to have Ideas on the nature and del- tiny of mini. even If his ideas were not the very worst.

A second tlon unaerlylnl Dr. Hutchlns' statement is that consideration nf what education

Ilnould he. ought to consider the

x Notes T3);

"tradition In an important help t:- lit story. but its Itatauiuits should be carefully scrutinised be- fore we rely on them." - Addison (From Sydney Poet-Record.)

work is so rruucls fun over there that many woiken Just hate think of becoming too old to keep their jobs. Or too tactics to keep their heads. -- Hamilton specta- tor.

Figures (from I New Jersey survey) indicated pretty plainly that a bachelor, who has no one in the back seat reminding hfm eon- stantly which turn to tiike and to keep his eyes on the road. can't drive so efficiently In I married man who has all these advantages. n saint John Telegraph-Journal.

It can be Iaiil without effron- ttry that the infinite variety of natural beauty contained ln- the central section of Canada offers unsurpassed subject matter for artists. The giant blend tIkeii in mountains, hill ranges. rolling fields. majestic forests. tree-lined streams, islands standing Ilonf along broad lake shores. grassy lanes. ten thousand lnlInd lakes.

placid fauna. great dams. flowers of brilliant hues. wide rivers. and an extraordinary diversity of hu-

When they therefore were come together. they asked of him, sq; in(. Lord. wilt hon II: this Ime restore again the kingdom of In- rnelf And he Ialnluuneo them, It is not for you to know the times or the seuaoul. which an Tltller hath put; tn his own power. But. ye IliI.ll receive power. Imr that the Holy nlioet II come upon you: and ye shall be WIhl3lM'IhU0 use both in "ruulem. Ind .ln Ill .IudIeI. and In SImIrlI,- and an- to the uttcrlnout part of the earth.

ldostiny of man. should the per- petuation of the human rIce be the great destiny of man. then education need not concern itself with those who are unwilling or unable to perpetuate the human race. Should the destiny of man be in In after life. then educa- tion need not concern itself with anything but preparing people for death. Should the destiny of man be the good life on earth. then education should find the answers to war, disease. bsd luck. crime. etc.. etc.

When we have finished Dr. NeItby's hook. the temptation is

good in prozreulvlst education It all. Yet. we ought to be careful. Whatever new methods and ideas have been developed Ihouldibe ex- nrnlned closely. One Iort'of cum- lner will not do however. Ind that one is the educational expert. Even If you are, able to under- stand what the expert says, he will not be iible to understand you. Reality is not his realm.

I hope I luve Iuunted Home of the questions which have not yet been IileqiiItely' solved. The financial burden which nIw.biilld- inn will impose” an 'ttiei'commu- nity. will effect. surely, pause sufficient to rejoice not only in thanfins new buildings but in the machinery that penlel within too. In the great conversation many other queatlom wlili Irlu: what Ii-e'tlie reasonable results one can expect from eight, twelve or sixteen yeIrI of school? How far, Ind for when should no purely technical Ispect of-our lIfi- be represented In Unlversltyf, is Iectlndlfi schools? In In Anterior- ity complex I deIirIblo or In un- desirable thing? i What are - the practical proposals and demand: which should be made evuDopIrt- menu of Education lmrent ti-lads? '

Sir.

Ottawa,

A Russian newspaper Inn that -i to .

to conclude that there irnetlilnx i

in view of;

l Illl. v etc.. . s FRANK V. IeKlNlflON. .

The Wax I.

man effort for background or fore ground. - Fort William Times- Journsl

Charlottetown can r. x Li

Old

GIlEEN'S SHORE

"Among the early English speak- ing pioneers that msde homes in the wilderness wIs I Mr. Joseph Green, who Iettled on the north- ern banks of Bedeque Harbour. and who by his diligence and perseverance became surrounded by every comfort that I well cultivsted farm could Ifford. The wilderness It that time consisted of large forest trees. suitable to the then leading industry of the Island, that of ship-building. in which the sons of Mr. Green re- solved to try their fortune. and in 1818 the keel of I vessel was laid down It the foot of the homestead farm. near the hIrbor's banks.

”As year followed year, the sound of the builder's axe and the scraping noise of the whlpssw were almost constantly heard. It- tractlnz in the course of time I considerable traffic to that part of the settlement. then known as 'Green's Shore.' The year 1833 witnessed the opening of I store there for the sale of such goods II the country required. As time rolled on business increased In Is to necessitate I landing Ind ship- ping place for the seulement and its vicinity, which requirement was granted in 1840 by the Gov- ernment erectlng I public wharf. some six years following this event I line of Ialllng packets as traders to the mainland was estab- lished, giving it I fresh start on its march to prosperity. so that Green's Shore becIme the chief emporium of the County.

"The Iteady increase of I small but energetic population rendered necessary the enlsrgement of the bounds of whIt might then be termed I village; by mutual con- sent therefore some adjacent land was taken .up. streets and build- ing lots were laid off. and the foundation of that which subse- quently became the second town of the colony. both in population and commercial importance. was happily laid, and now balls as Summeraide. Such were the ele- ments that marked its rise and progress It the outset; its pros- perity, interest and harmony seem- ed forever assured."

-Pollard'I "Prince Edward II- land." 1898.

Till ANT

The Int. I prodigy of strength, Lifts objecu twice his weight. and length

And never Itnpe or even slower: Because it's after working hours. He tolls. II he has done for ages. Without request for hhher wages, And never frowns or looks Itaace At other. lighter-burdened Ina. Not one to bidet. blame, or lab. Not In-ling for a. bout Job, '!'hI-am. line but one flaw 1 see. Teiwit, he court workfor me.

-luehud Armour, in New York- nerald Tribune.

0 0 O 0 O 0

lAuo.Pt;:0,SuWlIE ' G TAi:.i.-...0.Rs aukdeavun

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YEBRUARY 13. 1954

The Passing Scene

By Observer

CONCERNING A CZECH CONGRESS

It will be remembered that some months ago I bit of I furore was caused in American church circles when one of the investigators of Communist infiltration into Ameri- can llfe made the amazing state- ment that there are upwards of 8000 ministers of various denomin- ations in the United states who are either downright Communists or sympathlzcrs. It was "stuff and nonsense of course and even Sena- taor.McCIrthy who is well skilled in the art of exaggeration disa- oclIted himself from the fantastic opinion. The man responsible for the allegation withdrew it in the face of rising anger in congress Ind subsequently resigned his post.

Foolish exaggentlons Ind un- sustained blanket charges not- withstanding, it is I fact, and ii mysterious one, that quite a ,tew ministers in the United states and some in Canada have Ic- cepted, tacitly It least, the com- munisltlc creed; foreover, they have gone out of their way to publish their sympathy for the most. cruel heresy with which. thus far. Christianity has had to contend.

O I O

This would be understandable, though not excusable, if Communist leaders were in the habit of issuing pious propaganda aimed at the de- fection of professing Christians. The not is they don't do any- thing of the sort; on the con- trary. in countries where they have succeeded in usurping the func- tions of govermrient, they have openly and deliberately done every- thing possible no make it clear i.l:iIt they are It war with all religious institutions. one evidence of this, added to many other evid- ences. is A story that has come from Czechoslovakia. The report first appeared in the newspaper Rude Pravo. the official organ of the Canon Communist Party and. therefore. may be considered Iutheritlc.

O O

The story has to do with an address delivered by I high govern- ment. offlclil It I congress for sprudlnz "political Ind scientific knowledge". As usull. Ind quite

Inatui-ally, the only political know-

ledge disclosed to the meeting was that concerning Communist plum for Czechoslovakia; the scientific knovvledxe wn I lum- mlnz up of all the Illegedly great things which have been Ichleved by the forces of dialectical mater- ialism in Russia and her satellltlc neighbours. This. too, wins to be expected, since, in the communist view, nothing of real scientific value is Iccomplished in the West- ern world. -