peewee :—Five DoLLars A YEAR,

NEW SERIES,

~~

Che Daily Examiner

is issued eve ry evening, by

fhe Examiner Publishing Co.

from their otlice, corner of Water and Great George Streets, Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island.

RaTes OF SUBSCRIPTION :

Six Months, ue - $2 50 Three Months, ° . 2 i 25 One Month, ‘ . : 0 60

ea Advertising at most moderate rates,

Contracts may be made for monthly, quarterly, half-yearly or yearly advertise. ments, on application,

——

ALMANACS FOR AUCUST, 1885.

MOON S CHANGES,

Last Quarter 3rd day, 5h. 43m., p. m.

New Moon 10th day, 10h, 2m., a. m.

Pires (Juarter, 17th day, 9h. 34m, a. m,

Fali Moon, 25th day, Lh. 13m., p. m.

' aaa

- ~=—™—s—sw a mb motes. rei be

) " DAY OF WELA

| Saturday '4 47 7 25) 9 59) 1 40)14 38 alien 45) 23/10 29] 2 23) 35 ® Monday 49} 22111 513141 33 {Tuesday | Si} 2111 45,423) 30 5. Wednesday 52, 19 morn; 5 47 27 giThureday | 53| 18] 03417 14] 25 1\Friday | 54 16) 1 31' 8 23 22 gisaturday 66: 15) 2 37) 9 20; 19) giSunday | 57| 14 3 49/10 9} 47 10) Monday 58} 12].5 4°10 53, 14 1} ‘Tuesday 59) 10} 6 20-11 39 il} ye! Wednesday [5 0 9 7 33)morn 9; 13, Thursday 2 5 8 47} 0 14 6 14 Friday 3} 6 955' 052) 31 15/ Saturday |} @ 401 2 2 32 0) 16 Suaday | 5 2aft 4) 2 16.13 57} 17, Monday 7} Fpl 453° 8) 54] j8 Tuesday a ol 20:4 7 52 | 19| Wednesday 95 58 252)5 19 47 20 Tharsday 10; 56 3 40' 6 33| 46 2} Friday | 12] 54! 4 24) 7 38 42) 22 \Saturday 13} 52) 5 2) ® 29 39 | 23|Sunday 14 50) 5 37/9 12} 36) 24’ Monday 1®; 49 6 9 9 56 33 | 95 Tuesday iz! 47| 6 39/10 2630} 26, Wednesday 18, 49) 7 7il O| 27 Q7\Thursday (| 1% 43) 7 35.11 35 24 28\Fnday |} 20) 41; 8 Sait 6 2i 99' Saturday 221 40: 8 = 040; 18 30,Suoijay 23; 389 611 7 15 31) Monday 5 24:7 36) 9 45) 2 0)13 12 NOTES.

Duke of Edinburgh’s birthday on the 6th.

Dog days end on the 11th.

Lauding of Julius Cvesar (B,C. 55) on 27th.

In this month the mornings decrease 47 minutes; the afternoons 9 minutes.

1H RAILWAY {IB TABLE,

For the convenience of the travelling; public, we have carefully arranged the fol-| lowing table of arrival and departure of | trains on the P. E. Island Railway, accord-

ing to local time :— | Geiug West. Ba, Mei: a, M. | Charlottetown .........++ 647 912 402) Royalty Junction. aes aan § 47 4 2?) North Wiltshire........... 727 1029 5 09) Seater River .......<.c- 747 1055 522 i na daw en SiS Nas & 57| OSS 6 ccs sce ss 819 1143 6 07 | ARE a aE loo §29 1159 622 H a9. 24) oi, . Gill, «ails s43 32a = ¢ 42) arriye.......903. 1287 . 7 32) Summerside, depart......927 237 MG. obit p ieaks och. 942 300 W eliuinyton i odio ae el 10 01 3 29 CEN iL bibs coc bee 1029 420 is nec ohvenecdtt 1122 542 bre Si6 5K eco a 1205 657 ak I 42 6347 From West. P.M. Ae M, a 207 647 PRE aa 245 757 ME c0é0s cps ncke.cannniue Port Huil,.... Se 420 1029 Wellington hie paheeaia cs aie 449 1116 Miscouche................507 11 44 OFTIVE. 2 cc 522 1207 Summerside, A. M. : depart. ..... 542 112 657! SIN 6 cinle 5de ids ond 607 149 729 Freetown hath évc adtkdiddea 623.312 (74 ss 632 227 $903 ES ae 636 337 813 Hunter Kiver,..,......... 702 315 847 North Wiltshire....,...... 712 332 901 Royalty Junction.......... 747 432 947 Charlottetown............ 802 462 1007 Going East. A.M. P.M. EP 707 +417 a... oe 743 444 RNG, ... . osancede uae 804 457 Mount Stew: arrive........837 522 = prewar, depart......- 857 527 Cie scons snestiauad 10-942 556 a lilg I. 1015 617 i ee 6 oe ee 1107 652 lp pee ee 1157 722 Mount Stewart...............+.- 902 532 ee 1015 625 MI... v odddéiclocnen 1037 642 From East. A.M. P.M. ae 647 212 Bear Pi, circus cpa alebes 717 3@ A i. « 4 csi, dene 752 354 Si. s « «anldabenieeee 814 427 Mo yy 842 617 wp nut Stewart, } depart......+. 847 537 Bedford RdUUEL c db eadboeheserectn 912 614 York ME ebeb ed ses vccdceebei cdeem 926 635 SNOW, ......00c0caniecel 952 712 REPS RIR Fe ses .732 337 eg. ee 749 400 Mount Stewart..............-... 842 512

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McLean, Martin, & MacBonald, BARRISTERS, ATTORNEYS - AT-LAW,

Notaries Public, &c. OWN’S BLOCK, CHARLOTTETOWN.

A A. MACLEAN, LL B.| D. ¢.

BR

MARTIN,

ee 7 :

This is true Liberty, when Free-born Men, having to advise the Public, may speak free.’”’—Evunriripss,

CHARLOTTETOWN, PRINCE EDWARD ISLAND, MONDAY, AUGUST 17, 1885.

; i | |

i ee See eee

aily

ALWAYS SELLING

|

DRY GOODS,

— A.

GOOD ARTICLE CHEAP,

Therefore, Buy Staple and Fancy

SARPETS, OILCLOTHS, °

COTTON WARPS, &c., &e.

cil middiM —

Perkins & Sterns.

Ch’town, August 7, 1885.

¢. H, HASZARD'S

Blank

Books,

[ow |

Ledgers, Day Books, Journals, &s,,

SELLING VERY CHEAP.

100 000

ENVELOPES

of all the leading s‘zes, by the 100, } or 4 thousand boxes.

100,060

ees es

FOOLSCAP, LETTER, & NOTE PAPER,

WHOLESALE AND RETAIL.

Stafford’s Jet Black Writing Luks, Stafford’s Copying Iuks,

(In all size botties.)

This is now acknowledged to be the best Ink for office and private use.

ALSO IN STORE :

Carter’s, Stephens & Toiary’s

Writing & Copying Inks,

To be Sold at Great Discounts.

—_—-—

G. H. HASZARD,

BROWN’S BLOCK, Queen Square,

(Mh town, May 1% '85.—wky

THIS OUT and return it to us with 1% or 4 3: stamps, and you'll get by return mail a Golden Box of Goods that will

i in more money in one month than eee hag in America. Your fortane if

H. ©. MACDONALD, B, A. July 4 dly—taw wky3m her pres

0 start quick CITY NOVELTY ©O0., armouth, N. 8. may !

oa

7

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ae = 53 = aOR “az ss oF pac

Self-Binding Harvester e

made.

Rut a Well-Tried Practical Success. Knots Better.

THE BEST

Hievates Easier:

Acknowledged Proved

S Q ce = = oo — m fA Z S a ° by 43 RM

And is Draws Lighter;

For full information apply to E. Kinsman, Summerside, Gen-

More Toronto Binders now in use on the Island eral Travelling Agent for P, E. Island ; Stewart & Farqubarson, &@

than all other kinds put together. Milligan, Conway, or, any of our Local Agents.

TORONTO LIGHT BINDER |!

ronan e5 ag bere a rom ox — co baie. hodical S.. on baass

Managers of our Branch Wharehouse, Charlottetown ; J. T

Cuts Closer;

Throw your money away in buying Shoddy Boots. Come! come at once and buy a Good Solid Leather pair of Boots or Shoes for Spring, at a Low Price

We want to keep all the money we can on the Island, 60 we are bound to give better value in our make than can be had in any imported Boot. Therefore, buy from us.

DORSEY, GOFF & CO. Ch’.own, March 25, 1885.

=

~

The Dangers from City Wells.

At a conference of State and municipal boards of health held at Washington last Decempef, says Prof. Ira Remsen ina recemt number of Science, ten propositions were unanimously agreed to. The first of these is ‘‘that all surface wells should be closed at the earliest possible moment.” This has special reference to the surface wells in cities. Why do these wells deserve such sweeping condemnation? We have only to consider the conditions surrounding them to havea reason suggested. In cities in which there are no sewers it is well known that the discharges from the inhabi- tants are conveyed to cesspools, where they are allowed to remain indefinitely. Some- times the contents of these cesspools are imperfectly removed; sometimes they are not disturbed, a new cesspool being dug in the neighborhood of one which has become filled. They are rarely built carefully, bu: are usually merely holes in the ground, lined with suflicient stonework to prevent the earth from falling in. In some cities they are dug in exactly the same way as the wells which are intended to supply drinking water. The digging is in each case continued until water is reached. Communication is thus established with subterranean cur- rents, and the refuse matter which finds its way into the cesspools is at Jeast partly car- ried away. This saves some trouble ; but what becomes of the refuse matter! Un- der very exceptional circumstances it may find its way to some large body of water which is not used for drinking purposes, and thus do no harm. If, however, there are wells in the neighborhood, the chances are in favor >{ the contents of the cesspools and of the wells becomiag mixed. The larger the number of cesspools and of wells the greater the danger of such aresult. In a city not provided with sewers, therefore, the conditions are such as to lead almost certainly to contamination of the water of surface wells with the contents of the cess- pools. Besides this, there is the danger of contamination from surface drainage, which cannot be avoided. The water which falls upon the ground, whether the grouud be paved or not, sinks to a considerable extent below the surface, carrying with it such impurities as may be present Such sur- face water in cities, it is safe to say, is always contaminated. Some of it is sure to find its way into the wells.

This latter source of contamination is common to all cities, whether they are pro- vided with sewers or not. While, however, the city which is provided with sewers is not subjected to exactly the same kind of danger as _ that first referred to above, the cases do not present as much difference as | might at first be supposed. The sewers ave | generally leaky, and the soil in their vicin- ity becomes saturated with sewage. Thus they may contribute to the contamination of the well waters. Of course the danger of such contamination is not so great as when there are no sewers, but still it is quite sufficient to justify the condemnation of the surface wells. The waters of city wells have frequently been studied by chemists and biologists, and the results in variably show that contamination is the jrule. In Brooklyn, N. Y., there were, in Frees 316 wells. Chemical examination i showed ‘‘that vf this whole number but 17 |furnished water fit for human consump- ition.” Similar results have been reached in

| an examination of the water of the wells «f,

| Baltimore, where a few years ago there were between 100 and 200 in use. The ,contamination of some of the waters /examined was such as to show that very ‘close connection must exist between the | wells and cesspools. The tesitmony of all who have given special attention to tie | subject of the water of city wells is unan- 'swerable. Not only does a consideration of |the surrounding cireumstances led us to ;suspect that the water mugt be contamin- ; ated, but the most careful examinations, by _those most capable of making the examin- | ations, have shown that actually, and almost invariably, the water ia badly con- | taminated.

lt is an unfortunate fact that, though the waters oi city wells are generally im- pure, their external properties do uot al- ways reveal the impurity. Sometimes they do, and then it requires but a very slight

SINGLE Copies Two CEn?rs,

VOL. 17.---NO. 75.

leat authorities that in some diseases the lorganisms which are believed to be the ‘active causes are given off from the patients }with the alvine discharges. If, now, by any means, these organisms cr their germs jare introduced into the system of a weli jperson, the diseased condition is set up. | What more efficient method of distributing |these organisms than drinking water which ,is contaminated with the contents of cess- pools ! Exactly what forms of disease may be spread in this way it is difficult to say, but there-is strong evidence in favor of the view that typhoid fever and cholera are among them. Over and over again, out- breaks of typhoid fever have been traced with psactically absolute certainty to the nse of water known to be contaminated by sewage. In regard to cholera, the evi- dence is quite sufficient to justify the destruction of all city wells.

ind

Suicides.

Says the New York Sun : It seems from s.atistics with respect to the subject, care- fully gathered by the Jnswrance Chronicle, that the number of suicides in this country varies little from year to year. Reckoning from the first of March to the end of February, the figures for the last three years are : 1882.3, 1,606; 1883 4,1,409; 1884-5, 1,608.

‘These years are included in the period which has been marked by a severe businees depression, commonly regarded as an efficient cause of self-destruction, and yet the largest number of suicides in any single month occurred in August, 1882, when they numbered 212, though in that time we were only hearing the faint rumble of the coming commercial and financial catastrophes. The total for 1884, when we were in the midst of the worst of the troubles, was not more than the total for 1882, when the business eky was comparatively clear. But it seems that after the financial panic of May, 1884, the life insurance companies complained of a very considerable increase in the numbér of policies which were terminated by suicide, Still the act remains that 514 persons killed themselves during the com- paratively prosperous summer of 1888, while the suicides during the black summer of 1884 reached only 383.

The causés of suicide in 1884-5, so far as they could be determined, are thus classi- fied :-—

Basinsen troubles cc:. 2). 60.80 GE isc. Bees 174 Chagrin at parental discipline.......... 24 TEE TES GOCE OE sd PEN aka 5 wl bas op < oniiae oka maven 117 Election of Cleveland and Hendricks.... 3 OO. 4 6105s glean e bss ake 214 ER a Ne 89 RNS oo ee. OB >. 336 Lowe: Grew bles 6 sins + dipdsste’s ssbb ose 87 ORMOND C80% scl bbs 5 oth bhbo ds ened 4 Undergoing cr threatened with punishm’t 44

Little reliance can be placed on this table, however, for it is. not possible to get the true causes of the self destruction for pub- lication in a number of cases. Families refuse to reveal them, and the suicides themselves may leave behind them no reasons for their act, or may give false ones. But probably the majority of suicides in this country are Que, more_or less directly, to the use of stimulants,

Yet it is etartiing to see how many chil- dren take their lives because of rebellion against parental and school discipline. For instance a Chicago girl was so muth cast down by a scolding from her mother that she destroyed herself with Paris green. A New York girl swallowed rat poison because her father refused to allow her to go to a ekating rink, An Illinois I boy took poison in a sleeping car because lhe had been expelled from college.

The ages of those who committed suicide in 1884 ran from eleven years to ninety-six yeare. Thechief methods used were, in 531 cases, shooting; in 310, poisoning, in 275, harging; in 155, cut ing the throat; in 137, drowning. Besides these, 37 per- sons killed themselves by jumping from or standing in front of moving railroad treine, 52 by cutting arteries, 18 by jumping from heights, 11 by stabbing, 8 by burning, and one each by scalding and starving.

The suicides were engaged in nearly every kind of occupation, but the great majority were farmers, merchante, and

aad 7 a aaeeaed eanene anh seinem 7 Sa

hint as to the cause of the properties to |laborers, though commonly it is supposed stop the further use of the water. Thus, that the tendency to self-destruction is for example, some years ago there was a | among men of sirictiy intellectual pursuits. spring in Baltimore, which, owing to its| But, in fact, suicide, like insanity, is lees peculiar taste and odor, was regarded as a | among those who work their minds chiefly mineral spring. It was therefore fenced in| than among those who lead sluggish lives and covered, and generally treated like|in which their faculties are not kept bright others of the class known as ‘‘mineral by use. New York, though the most springs.” It was afterward found that very | populous of the States, had fewer suicides close connection existed between it and a/in 1884 than L\linois—106 to 169. neighbouring cesspool, and the cause of the| Finally, the number of suicides in this taste anil odor which had given the water | country is small in compsrison with Europe. its reputation was thus revealed. It need | Out of the more than twenty-five thousand not be added that the water ceased to be/cases of self-destruction which occur popular. More frequeutly these well |annually in Europe and the United States waters are clear, and without taste and!togethers, we furnish only about sixteen odor, and, coming from greater depths than | hundred. the service water they are generally cooler. Frequently, too, they are used for years. and many who use them continue in good health. There are, of course, in every; Wodern embalming is not what it is community, many who are able to resist! cracked up to be. Garfield’s body was bad influences, They furnish no evidence embalmed, and ten days afterwards, when for or against the danger of using bad! it was buried, the odor that arose from the water. The influences are felt principally | decomposing remains was sickening. Lin- by the weaker members of a community. | coin’s remains were embalmed, but decom- As regard the specific objections which position was proceeding so rapidly that may be raised to using the water of city) thousands were prevented from viewing the wells, it may be said, in the first place, that ‘body at the funeral. Those who did see the evidence is pretty clear that water con-|ihe face saw only a painted mask over a taminated with sewage does at times give skin that was as black asacoal. It was a rise to low fevers. Though it is difficult to trick of the undertakers to protect their furnish satisfactory proof of the statement! process. Some of the most successful em- that the use of contaminated water tends to }aimers maintain that it is impossible’ to lower the general condition of health of those | preserve a body for any length of time who habitually use it, those who have paid jnjogsthe method adopted by the Egyptians most attention to the subject unanimously jg followed, which requires primarily the

‘agree that pure water is as important a8 yemoval of the entire internal organism. pure air for the preservation of good health. |

One of the chief dangers in the use of “

water contaminated with sewage is that, by, San Francisco's death rate for the past establishing connection between the sick year, 19.58 per 1,000, is lower than that of and the well, it contributes to the spread of thirteen foreign and of eleven American some forms of epidemic disease. As is well cities, and the lowest of any city of its size

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Modern Embalming.

known, it is now held by many of the high- in the world.

—

Joeman ~ mapa

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