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TURKISH TOWELS i

Ill urdlaa does as! eoleeea sae Opllllll of correspondents.

(Continued fromlraga s)

tally for an enthusiast for social

"a" c ~ ,, m Y- A little nsideration shqu allow that a history of w: Mmlcaxlrhenothingofthesort. whI-llktuds customary attitude to al- °11° drinking has been that of a: nook of Psalms which refer-g ‘a, h wine that maketh ‘lgd m, eart of man." In the Scriptures mwllillds of Christ's first publlg ° It the mam; feast in. Carla, where at the behest of his earthly mother He changed mm- Mne. Christ was at g1; wedding and did n condemn the use of wine. He. however, on “h” “ccwillll- Spoke definitely and in no uncertain terms regard. ing its abuse. If in tbs golden age o! Hellas, Demosthenes was m fill-Steiner. in the , ' wg read how after a night's drinking, wok-crow found Socrates, Aristo- Dh-lnea. and Agathon "drinking out of a large goblet which they pass- ed round and Socrates was dis. coursing to them. Galen, the great blurs ' u. W11 extremes the Greek attitude. when," quoting Theognis the poet, he wrote: “To drink much Wine 1s an evil: but, if one drink in moderation, wine is not an evil but a blessing." And even in the verse of Luther, the reformer de- clares that: "Who loves not woman, wine and song Remains a fool his whole life long." The Greek lyric poets also wrote praise of wine. the gift of the god, Dionyslus, while the “hisiqry p: the private life of Shakespeare and Goethe is certainly not that of tee- totallers. It ls a mark distinctive of our own age that a Mussolini is a water-drinker. Although the history of drinkinB ls the history of enjoyment, still the act does not unfortunately ter- minatg with the sense oi enjoy- ment and well-being. As far as the problem of the liquor traffic is concerned. the important thing is that the history of drinking has to be. in many cases, the history of excesive drinking. In early English limes. although drunken brawling was punished by fines, the stocks. or by other penalties. the chief concern of royal ordinances was to secure beer and ale. cheap, unadul- terated and good. As a result alc- tasters were appointed. Other coun- tries at that time regarded heavy drinking as an English national vice. It would appear. however, that our forefathers were more noted for sluttonous eatins- As early as 1285

"mm. is that of painting 1g u l 5n dafiftdlflion and

licenses were given as a reward to

d laisses fairs, the Liberal and fladieal aire- lescouldseenoreasonwhybeer abouidnotbeaefreeaabteedor moat. Between 1810 and 1880 the consumption of spirit doubled. By tbsandcfihe icthoenturythe social problem of liquor was fully ' ‘ and its history becomes a bert of the British liquor legis- lation. 1n 100d the Earl of mlfour said: "You will never Ft rid of the pub- lic hous, from this country, and I frlinkly admit it. I do flot think you ought to get 8d of lt. The pub- lic-hoirsa should be kept in such a manner as will make those who fre- quent it obey the law and conform to the dictates of morality." British legislation is primarily concerned with public order and public safe- ty. not with drink as such. This is in striking contrast to the rec- ently discarded A * atfompt at solution. The law. on its positive side. is directed, by a system of 11c- ensihg, towards rendering the sat- isfaction of what may be an inno- cent appetite free in its circum- stances and consequences from so- clal abuses. This attitude involves as much protection to the trade of alcoholic liquors as ‘to any 0th; branch of . . - A b e tlon in licensing legislation has been that the "nature of the Trade is such that only i. of reliable character should be permitted to engage in it. As early as 1662 an act was passed prescribing that there shall be a definite license to sell. Hence from this Act the sys- tem of licensing takes its origin. The excise license for the actual sale of excisable liquor. wholesale or retail. datm from 1710. ‘These two types of license must be sharp- ly distinguished, especially by those accustomed to systems of licensing which ware primarily fiscal rather than directed to public order. Under the Hanover-inns, however.

political supporters as a piece of patronagerather than as an exer- cise of public responsibility. The close of the 18th century and the first quarter cf the 19th saw a re- action in policy resulting in the cancelling of ‘licenses and the sup- pression o! superfluous ale-houses. By 1872 the brewer had begun to exert an influence on the appoint- ment of licensees. At the close _of the 19th century the large modern brewery supplanted the old-fash- ioned distiller-lea and smaller brew- eries. Hence thg liquor traffic is. after all, not primarily a moral ccncem for promoting good-fel- owship or an immoral concelfli, malevolenily designed to corrupt the people, but precisely s. great and very profitable business concern.

The present system is governed by the Licentlng Consolidation Act of 1910, which, among other things. re-enacts the provisions of the Licensing Act of 1904. This provides for the payment of compensation on the non-renewal o.’ the 11112-1004

11m_CnARi.O’i‘i'E'i'UWN"G17ARDfAN _

T.

ed undertakings are eo far not suf- ficiently different from the aver!!! profits of brewery firms to be re- garded es e daclerous inducement to politicians to sacrifice the so- briety of the people to Dteunial’! gain. 1n addition, under Q10 plan of Stats attenuate have beenmaoeto veeveryfeoil- ity for the sale of along with

drink.

As a result ‘of Btaie Management thg oar-isle City annual consump- tion of spirits between 191i and ma fell from 1.11 gallon per oepite to 0.89 gallons, and in the case of beer the fall has been 1mm 21.2’! gallons to 16.01 gallons. The change is the more important since it was once the custom in Carlisle to follow the habit qf the Norfolk laborer who. being asked whether he preferred beer or spirits. declas- ed that beer mad» him “fu' before he was drunk. and spirits drunk before ho was fu.’ so he mixed 'em"

the oarlislc houses and the general fashion in which they are eco- dwted may be regarded as a defl- nitely ‘ infiulnog on 90W- lai- manners. Naturally, however. the Carlisie reforms will not be le- garded in this light by those who believe that the drinking of lrollc liquors, even in mail titles, is inherently vicious and dia- reputable. However. it is highly lis- niflcaht that the more comfortable and respectable sur undlnga of the Carlisle public houses have been estimated to result in takings of 9 1-2d. per head as against an ea- penditure in an unimproved house of is. i-zd. per head. What the future development of British policy will be, it is difficult to forecast. It may, however. be hazarded that an ‘tempt will be made to pass legislation with a view to reducing the temptation to make private profits which may militate. not only against the sobriety. but even against the reasonable oom- fort of the consumer. The question in English legisla- tion is still unsettled concerning whether drinking, as distinct from drukenness. is to be regarded as an; evil. The trend of English opinloni has on the whole been opposed to any such view andtho matter has been regarded as one o: law and public order rather than one of’. hygiene, publio morals, and nation- al emciency. I am Sir, etc. PRO MODEBATIONI

G.W.L. Study Club Meeting

A most interesting evening was spent at the home of Mrs. l‘. J. Casey on Tuesday, Feb. 11th, when

licenses. The license is not a right.

95 NURSES’ UNIFORMS and a BROADCLOTH SMOCKS for

Finestuwhiio Silk Broadcloth Uniforms and Smoehs; originally sold for $2.95, Past season’s goodrstryou "can have them for the bargain price of

980 .

98c

hauls FUR EVERYfQRPMI-Z

(qonunued from Page 1i) for ackgroun '-

0.1%? ti? annual BuMlOWl-‘l-

cosmos. African mariKOldB. 5914"

plant (Cleome). nlumv celosla 01'

ooxccrnb, clumps of sweet peas.

1nd the floweringtobaccoe.

(iularly Nicotlanua. sylveei-ria 101' l

bold and tall 830119‘ For masses of color-Petunia.

zinnia, marlgolds, calendulas.

nhlox Drummncdi. Velbellll. fitilck- aster. salvla and DOPPlB-‘l.

_ For edges and DOTdBYS — 5W°¢i

alyssmn. dwarf nasturtlums. 1°‘

bells, dwarf marigold (Tactic! gignahn. pumila). B-seratum. VirB- inia stocks and forget-me-nots.

4 Fragrant plants-Aviignouette. he- llltrops, ncsturtlums, alyssum. fen-weeks’ stocks. Ifltoi-lma. mat- ticla blsorrus (evening scented stock) and sweet peas.

Annual vlnes-Miomlng glories.

moonflowers. Japanese hop. tall

nasturtlum. cardinal climbers. co- haea, cypress vine, ballon vine.

‘ scarlet rimner and hyacinth bean-l-

i‘ A fairly well-balanced border

furnishing flowers for all purposes

would contain the following: As- tera. balsams. bachelor's buttons fire annual pinks; California, shir- rey and other annual cobbles. sweet alyssum, ageratum, pblox Drum- -fl0ildi. calllopsis, flowering tobac- gm, portulacrasweetpea, ainniae. , annual larkspirrs, calenda- mafllb

dl

>.......,-e..--w---~

i0

STAR. AS FENCERS

BEND, Ind Feb. l:

_ ctre Dame is no l’ hfidr spoldts besides football and basketball. Its fencing team W95 undefeated last season and the unofficial midwestem champions of the sword.

STUDY ANZAK FARMING

SYDNEY, Australia __ <c.r.) - Under the auspices of the British National Union and Overcoat lgggug, a, party 0f 36 Blltlfih 19-1111- ors is on the way here to study farming methods in Australia and New Zealand.

MARRIED u mans s-rrcrmrzv.

Thought to be couple in the

SOUTH

Elngland-(OPJ- the longest-married United Kingdom, and with 72 living descendants. Mr. and Mrs. John Bellamy celebrated their fist-wedding an- niversary recently.

DONDOrP-(Cilh-Dlvinz full? clothed into the TTIB-HWS. 17-3793!‘ of Fulham. res- aged 65.

old Sidney Cooper cued Elizabeth Sayers.

"/\(b\!\("' 5"’ “I , ,1 . ,

r. Ir . “H1 Hr uvli i‘ ‘I "itr. '\“‘"n 1110"“ t n _ ‘ I

ii EIEGNOMY USE

J" ."

taverns were forbidden to remain cpen_in London after curfew,

lng drunkenness. It is noteworthy

gin being brought in

day. Moreover. with the reign of William III. came the new popular taste for spirit drinking.

The government reduced the

HEB-ions. in order to discourage the importation of French and for- eign brsndles, especially as English distlllerles not only kept money in the country but used llmglish bar- ley. Thus a national taste for dia- tllled spirituous liquors was acquir-

ior rank. What was done? The government passed the Gin Act of 1736 with the avowed object of making spirits “come so dear to the consumer. that the poor will not be able to‘ launch out into an excessive use of them." This effort of pro- hibitive taxation resulted in general lawbrealring and the amount even of spirits which paid excise rose from 5.601.000 gallons in 1786 to 7.- 160.000 galleria in 1742. Evidently that type o5 law did not work.

At this time the theft of any piece o1 property exceeding in value one shilling was punishable by hansins As late as 1001 a boy of twelve was hanged for stealing a spoon, while in i786 one named. Phoebe Harris was burned for ooinial.

By 1748 the ill-fated Reform Act (Gin Act) of 173d was replaced by the licensing Act of 1748, which was a measure rather of coloration than of control. The situli-IOII. lWWBVfl. due largely to unaccustomed high wages acquired in new industrial. took a turn for the worse bya re- duction of the eplrlt duty of 1785. In 17M Wilberforce pamuaded the King's rninistors to issue a procla- mation against many vices, in- cluding that of excessive dririkinl’ with the result that many licensee were suppressed what ha! been called the paternalistic rule of the licensing iuetli; who instit- uted a vigorous 9° ° "mim- mcresultwasagreataiatonadi- calism. ‘

I“ reticn of the 1607 an act was passed for repress- acting {way m the puny; my“-

Netherlands. A wrlfer in 1617 oom- a ‘raved i; the

lgmsiélha‘ "mnlimneis lsrgemffi-‘a irlmthe stale a stout revenue. But w us a ra a an d tii’ .‘t.fc-._,.. -

whammy In 1m a demand w“ guzgfi uaxgaelgsxfsuifisé?nmgseé“re_ garden, is one of the moat beautirul

made to put restrictions on ale- 1 f, 5 1 iii-n‘,

houses. eépecmny for the sabbath giigkgttiizrlrlssarguzloiizihcny lieflgfllsulcl: a n favorite one among Catholics. It

duty on spirits largely for patriotic we an entire breach with

ed even among the people of infer- he

but g privilege exercised at. the dis- licerising justices

est. Thus it is teen that the prin-

‘gati is)‘ g f! 3911'?‘ asdmimdllc‘ ciple. not/of prohibitive measures. ° " H" l‘ °l “"1"- b t li u fin lly ado t- ime .2 .2‘ sass? .. s... ggcgmu; ecu-w-

State which yields

they can be kept and or the government strictly kept. which consti- tlr-e ex- isting licensing system in 70ml areas have been proposed: "No 11¢- lense" in local areas and State Man- iagement. The former which has gbeen placed before the electorate it was objected would be entirely 1n- iemqient owing i0 drinkers cross- tho boundary or importln! liquor from non-prohibition areas (Prince Edward Island being pfggent, by government statute. a local prohibition area is an excel- lent example of this dbiectlon.) The Temperance Act (local Oc- tion) for Scotland was pas-Led in 1913 and came into force in 1920. Of 5B4 electoral areas voting (out of 1215 areas) 4-0 areas only Voted "no license." 1h 102a there were only 29 areas "dry" by vote. In more areas there were decreas- es in convictions for drunkenness. largely, it is agreed, because it was always possible for a determined drinker- i-p walk over into another 8% experiment of State“ control 00mm ry known as the Carllale mperlment,’ was tried in 1910 in Oarlisle. oretua. oromartv “m; and limfield, including the ownership of breweries. It has bee“ retained in tho first three cases. At first many objections were made on the ground that municipal control would result in Brett ""1 corrupting pecuniary profits beinl reaped by the suite. The experi- merit u. these three areas has not in fact Justified this fear. ‘Th9 profit on the Oarlisle undertakins in rim-so was some sounds l! the money initially advanced l1! the Gtate had, instead. ed for the sinking “mo. the tw- payer would have been no 881M!’- lflcwever, the profits of State-own-

nature that it is the object that they shall be

Two great changes

the members of the C. W. b Study Club held their bi-monthly meeting. The guest of the evening was Rev. Dr. McMahon, who very kindly ad- vised and. commented on the dif- iercnt topics of study. -

"The Rosary" and "Scapulars"

The Rosary, which takes its name from the Latin "Rosarlum", a rose

i of the prayers of the Church, and

consists of fifteen decades of beads. each decade made up of one Our l-‘ather, ten Aves, and one Glory be to the Father. Each decade is pre- ceded by a mystery symbolizing, iirst the Joyous, second the Sor- rowful, and lastly the Glorious events of the life of Our Lord and His Blessed Mother.

Mrs. Frank Murray read a very comprehensive paper on the origin of the Rosary, a passage from which

14 to 20. Prices are

of penance by members oi the 'I‘hird Order of 5t. Francis of Assisi.

Mrs. A- J, Howatt, the Convener, announced mat the subject of dis- cussion of the next meeting would be "Indulgences."

A delicious lunch was served by the hostess, assisted by lrer sister, and thus ended one of the most 1n- teresting meetings of the C. W. L. study group. .

is quoted as follows: "In i206. 5t. Dominic, founder of the Illustrious Order of Preachers, was preaching

M without much success a mission for

the conversion of the Albigenses, a heretical sect which had arisen in Southern France and Northern It- aly, when he was instructed by the Blessed Virgin herself to cease his argumentative discourses and teach the people to pray and especially to propagate the devotion of the hos- ary. Boon a wave of faith and piety swept the country, and before Dom- inirfs death, hardly a. vestige of the sect remained." So much for (he power of prayer. Its events, Jks these which seem to justify tnc truth- of the words of the poet, who said, "More things are wrought by prayer than this world dreams of."

The description of the Scapulars was taken up also. Miaa King and Mrs, J. B Fleming read descriptive passages about the origin of the Scapularir of Mount Carmel. It was introduced in the thirteenth century by 8t. Simon Stock, a General of the Order of Mount Carmel Monks. It is brown and represents the habit of thistOrder. This is the scapular with which children are invested at the First Conununion. Since 1010 by a decree of Pope Pius XI, it was and can be substituted by a modal.

Descriptions of the Five‘ Scapulars were very concisely given by Mrs. Walker and Mrs. Mcltlally. This scapular is generally given I-t sionsandcan alsobesubetitutedby a medal.

Mrs. R. J. McDonald gave a read- ing on the Bt. Francis Bcapular, whichiewornsxoaasivelyas asign

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KING GEORGES VOICE IN STEEL

IDNDON -- (C.P.) -— The last Christmas message of -Klng George V. together with his Jubilee mess- B-Boe arc recorded on steel tape in the vaults of tha British Broad- casting Corporation but will be used again only with permission ef

the royal family.

WITH LIGHT

PBEFERS MODERN Gill

hair the modem Kiri is preferable to the maiden of a cea- tury ago, declared Magistrate Henry Bridgwafor who at 1M yearscf agctook theoathcfel- “ cetcDdwardVIILhisflii-b sovereign.