jf. J Fang-UARY z(i,'1ei5 M » ~ "' THE,-rcnilnnorrsrowu GUARDIAN g _ g

F Parent Te her . Pupils.

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THE AGAZINIE GUARDIAN 1>....,,.......i-..-4....

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'ro THE FARMER

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WHY THE EMPIRE IS AT WAR.

The Causes and the Issues.

It was rt reflection of the first of

political philosophers that distlirban- ces in States, tllougli they may nrlso on trifling occasions, (lo not involve trifling issues. The present world- wide war started from the cash of Ser- vln, but involved. cveu from the start, much larger issues. if only a dispute between Servia and Austria-iiungary had been ill question, Iirltniu, ns Sir Edward Grey repeatedly stated, would have hail no concern in the affair. Bilt since, as we shnll see., this dispute wus boi|n(l tn have ulterior consequences, ii, is necessary to undorstaild what tho dispute was ubout.

THE CASE OI-` SERVIA.

Sorvia is a snlnll, but very anclcut

llingdolll ill thc Bulkall peninsula. it obtained colisiderliblc accession of territory as thc result uf the recent wars ill the Balkans, the war between the Balkan States and Turkey. and than the war among the llnlkan States themselves. The Scrvian people ure akin. in race and religion, to tho Slavs. of which race Russia is the predomin- ant Power. and to wlllcll race also many of the subjects of Austria-Hun-. gary beloilgs, Gil June 28, 1914, “thc crinic at Scrajcvo" was committed. namely, the murder. of thc heir appar- cnt to the throne of Austrixi-liuilgiiry and his consort ill thc capital of Bos- nia. That Province, once n part ot' the ancient Servlnn kiilgdoni, had fallen into the possession of tho Turks; the administration of it had been giv- en to Austria, by the Berlin Treaty after the Russo-Tilrklsll war in 1878; und' in 1,908 Austria had annexed it. The Austrian Government ollcgcd but has not proved) that the crime of Ser- njevo was it (rulnililnt.ing point ill ii “subversive movement" organized by the Serviaii Governnlslit "with tile ob- ject of (ietacliing u part ot' the torri- torles of Austria-l-iullgnry from the Monarchy." Oil July 23 the Austrian Government addressed an ultimatum to Servia. Austria had been “left it perfectly free hand" by Gcrnlany- ll was admitted by Sir Edward Grey that "one naturally sympathised with many of.the requirements of the ultimatum." and that "tile murder of the Archduke and some of the circumstances respect- ing Scrvla quoted in the (Austrian) Note aroused sympathy with Austria." Russia also admitted thnt "thc de- mands wero reasonable enough in some cases." But thoro were two foa- tures in the Austrian ultluiatuni which caused alarm and regret to those who desired to soc thc peace of Eurolle iualntlllnod. Tliv first. was the lilcius- loil of a time limit so short (fortyeiglit hours) as to lciive (llplonlacy little time to avert war. The second was that what. Austria demanded within 48 hours was ilot a reply. bitt the reply dictated by Austria. “I had nevor before soon." said Sir Edward Grey, "oilc State (uldross to another independent Stats ii document of so formidable cllarnctor." The GHIIIBU Foreign Secretary “admitted that the Scrvlun Government could not swal- low certnln of tho Allstro-lluullurlun denmuds." Sir Edward Grey advised Sorvia to go to the furthest |J0SB|bl0 point in meeting those demumls, and similar advice was KI*/\‘l\ I0 HPI' by Franco and Russia. The Sc-rviiin (lov- ernmont replied. wiiliin ilic uDl>0I“I*"I tinio, conceding the greater DNF! Of ‘he Austrian demands. The conceded dr- mands were of a ver.V 9U'I‘]F°“i chafj actor. Tile Servlnn rcply ihV0IV0iI» said Sir' Edward Grey. "thc greatest. humiliation that hc had ever seen a country undergo." Nevertheless, Aus- tria refused to accept Ulf’ "°P'V' ml" declared .War against Servia, (Jay 28th.) The part of the Austrian mands which Servla had felt unable 0 concede Loucho(l her very existence as an independent State. Mid Wm; "30 garii to these matters she offsrle l submit them to the lisguo Tri Fun' The fact that Austria, wlillc rece vhali satisfaction on the other D°I“i“» mm matic the refusal of the latter pf) her a. casus baht raised susPl°|°“°l °qu0s_ ultimate intentions. The re? Mlm tion." sniff the liussian Fore guns to istor.“"was whclllcr Austria “(0 me crush Sorviii and reduce hor he W-M status of a vassal. 01' W\1°ih°‘; 1, ep,,nd_ to leave Bervia ii free and n -

ent State."

THE LARGER IBBUES INVOLVED-

It had been recosuiled "'°’“ ‘he M" that (no one ot sn-vis coalslo isolated. 'rho szsr"°l°“ vm, con. via by Austria (with 01° Pffmd ,U |,.. sont of (lol-many) W" ""

ment between Servia and Austria alone;" but everybody else knew that it could not be so. and the German Government , as we shall see present- ly, seem to have known this also. The relations between Austria and Russia had already been strained by the Aus- trian annexation of Bosnia and Her- zegovina. Aggression by Austria up- on Servla. was certain to bmregarded by Russia with the utmost alarm and indignation. During the Balkan crisis the Russian Foreign Minister "had made it clear to the Austrian Govern- ment that war with Russia must inev- ltably follow an Austrian attack on Servia. it was clear that Austrian domination of Servia was as intoler- able for Russia as the dependence of tho Netherlands on Germany would be to Great ilrltaln." "lt must be ob- vious," said Sir Edward Grey in the House of Commons (July 27), "to any person who reflects upon the situation that the lnoment the dispute ceases to be one between Austria-Hungary and Servia and becomes one in which another Great Power is involved, it can but end in the greatest catastro- phe that has ever liefullen the Contin- cnt of Europe at one blow; no one can say what would be the limit of the is- 'suos that might. bu raised by such rt conflict." War between Russia and Austria, in a cause wherein Germany has supported the latter, must involve Germany as her ally. and rrance would be drawn in so the ally of lius- sia. Tile action of Austria and Ger- many in the caso of Sorviu was tllus likely to cllallcnge it European war. England and France ami Russia saw this. italy. the oily of Austria and Germany, saw it also. Wlicii thc gen- erul war was breaking out, thc italian Govcrllnleiit, being nskod to state its intentions, replied: “Tho war under- taken by Austria, limi the coilscqllen- ces which might result, had, in the words of tho German Ambassador illin- sclf, an aggressive object. Both were therefore in conflict with tho purely defeilslve character of the Triple Al- liance, and in such circumstances would rcnlnln noutral." "We were fully conscious," said the German Gov- ernment itself, “flint ii possible war- likc procedure by Austrin.[{,mgm._v against t-lcrviu might bring itussia up- oil the scene und so illvolvo us lil a war lil nt-cor(lan(:e with our duties as Allies." “As for Germany," snid the Gornlnu Ainbussndor at Vienna to the British, “she knew very well what she was about lil backing up Austrln-Ilun- gary ill this mailer."

BFilTAlN'S EFFORTS FOR PEACE.

Forcsociilg all this, Sir Edward

Grey. whose efforts during the recent Balkan wars had won for him the title of the l’ca('eili:lker oi' Europe, was early in the flcld with proposals for avertiug war, und the liritlsh Govern- ment “persisted to the very last moni- ent of` the lust hour in that great find beucllcent but happily frustrated pur- pose" (Mr. Asquith.)

Already. oil July 20, liaviilg received

an inkling ot' what was on foot, Sir lldward Grey spoke to the German Ambassador oi’ the importallcc, iiitlle police of Europe was to bo preserved. of Austria "keeping her demand witllin reasonable liniit.s." The suggestion was not ndopt.c(l. The German For- eign Secretary "considered lt_ inadvis- alile tllnt the Austria-Hungarian Gov-

Iernliicnt should be approached by the

German Government. on the matter" (July 22). The Austrian ultimatum, which the some Minister "admitted that the Scrviaii Government could 'lot swallow," was despittelled on thc following (lay.

(ln`.iuly 23, liaving llr-ard from thc

Ailstriuil Ainbnst=ndor nn outllilo of wllat. tilt. Austrlalli notc coiltnilletl, :iii- E(iwnr(i Grey pressed upon him, us nl- so upon the Gorulnn Government, the 'lcslrnbiliiy of persuading thc Austrian Govsrnnient to extend its time-limit. Tho liussiail Government took the same liilc. The German Ambassador was instructed to "pass on" Str Ed- ward Grey's suggestion. but thc Ger- man Foreign Secretary said that ‘-‘there would be delay and difficulty ill getting time-limit extended." adding. “quite freely, that the Auslro-l{ungar- ian Government wished to give thc Servlnns a lesson and meant to tnko military action."

Ou July 24, having received the text

of the Austrian ultimatum, and fore- seeiilg that if Austria attacked Servia Russia would mobilize, Sir Eilwnrd Grcy proposed that “GerrnanY. |"l“Bu(~(‘. italy, and Great llrlialn, who had not direct interests in Scrviu. should sci together for the sake of peace, simul- taneously fn Vienna und St. Peters- hurg." “ln tile event ot' the relations between Austria and Russia becoming threatening." "lt would lic very dc- siruhle," he said to thc German Ani- bassador, “to got Austria not to pre- cipitate military ctiofl nn(l so gain more ti mc. But none of us could influence Austria in tllis (llrcclion un- less Germany would propose nild par- ii(-ipnte lil such action nt Vienna." i<‘ranco was favorable to this plan. So was Italy. Russia was “quite ready to stand aside and leave the question in the hands of England. Fralice. Ger- many and Italy-" IIBVIIII-I UIUS F0' eelved assurances that. if only Ger- many agreed, his plan might he effl- caclous, Sir Edward Grey oil July 26 formally lnvltcd thc Governments of France, Germany and Italy to instruct their several ambassadors to confer with film "for the purpose of discover- ingnin issue which would prevent com- plications." The invitation was ac- cepted by Franco and italy. The Ger- man Forelgn Secretary "could not fall in with tho suggestion. desirous though ho was to co-operate for thc maintenance of pc-ace" (July 27).

Sir Edward Grey thereupon saw the

German Ambassador (July 27) and promised "as long as Germany would work to keep the peace I would keep closely in touch. I repeated that after the Servlsu reply it was at Vienna that some moderation must bo urged. On the following (lay (July 23) Mil' trla-Hungary declared war on Bervia.

As the Gemian Government was

unrlorstood to have accellwd "IU Dfill' ciplc" tho idcn of mediation by t.ho four t’owers between Austria and Rus- sia, it was proposed “that the G6l'B'IBl\ Secretary ,of State should susfiult the lines on which this prlnciPI¢ Sh'-Will be applied." Tho German Govern- ment inads,rlo suggestion of the kind.

Bir Edward Grey's scheme had tem- porarily been in aheyance. al the RUS' ian Govsriintent had offered to dis- cuss m\tteri with the Austrian Gov-

voive other Powers. ` The German Govsrnmeut ‘M I“'?.°°d

th gram .gd I p This offer was (ie-

Wiw Witt' ""'"" “"”f.'.'}°§»¢l|'o°l.oilno¢(°lIy-Aquila (my as.) ,

wanton ¢t"l|suo was 0"'

Sir Edward Grey next appealed to

the German Chancellor. “if he can induce Austria to satisfy Russia and to abstain from Boing so far as to come into collision with h-er. we shall all _loin in deep gratitude to his Excel- lency for having saved the peace of Europe" (July 29). The Italian Gov- ernment had simultaneously appealed to Germany in a like sense. '

On that same day the German Gov-

ernment made certain proposals to Great Britain to which we shall come presently and which the Prime Minis- ter cliaracterlzed as "infamous" But so persistent was the British Govern- ment in pursuit of peace that Sir Ed- word Grey in declining tho proposals used language of great restraint (July 30), und accompanied his refusal by yet another "most earnest" appeal to the German Chancellor: “The one way of maintaining the good relations be- tween England and Germany is that they should continue to work together to preserve the peace of Europe; if we succeed lu this object, the mutual ro- lntlons ot Germany and England will, I believe, be lpso factor improved and strengthened. For that object ills Ma_iesty’s Government will work with all sincerity and good will. And I will say this: lf the peace of Europe can be preserved, and the present crisis Safely passed. mv own endeavor will be to promote some arrangement to which Germany could be u party, by which she could be assurred that ilo aggressive or hostile policy would be pursued against her or her Allies, by France, Russia and ourselves, Jointly or separately."

Un the following (lay (July 31) Sir

Edward Grey gave proof ot’ his sincer- ity and made it flirt her effort for peace. “I said t.o the German Ambassador this morning that if Germany could get any reasonable proposal plit for- wurd which made it clear that Ger- many and Austria were striving to pne- serve European peace, and that lius- slu and France would bc unreasonable it' they rejected lt, l would support it at St. Petersburg and Paris, and go the length of saying tllut it' Russia and France would not accept. it ills Mai- esty's Government would lluvenotlllng more to do with the consequeii(-es." In order not to leave this promise lil the region of generslities, Sir Edward Grey threw out ii particular sugges- tion. "Tile stumbling block hitherto has been Austrian mistrust of Servian assurances. and Russian mistrust of Austrian iiltcntloili-i with regard to the independence. and integrity of Scrvla." It' Germany would sound Vienna.. Sir Edward would sound St. Petorsliurg wllctller ll. would be possible for the four disinterested Powers to under- take to see that she obtained full sat- lsfactlon for her demands on Servla, provided they did not impair Servian sovereignty and the integrity of Sor- visn territory. That Russia was ready to accept such a solution is clear from :L peace formula. which ller Gov- ernment had (lrnwn up in concert with Sir Edward Grey. Everything turned on Germany. Oil that (luy sho sent an ultimuiuni to Russia.

in thc early moming of August 1

(Ii..'i0*n. m.). the King of England and ills Ministers made a last attempt to secure peace. Tile King telegraphed a personal message to the Tsar. In this the King first set out the text of a corumuilicatioli from the German Government. The Tsar had previously requested the German Emperor to mediate between Russia and Austria, and had "given most categorical as- sliuaiices to the Emperor William that Russian troops would not move so long ns mediation negotiations contin- ued." Tile German Government in its coulillunicntlon stated that the Em- peror wus desirous to mediate and complained that such mediation was frustrated by the Russian mobiliza- tion. Klng George went on to say that hc was "most anxious not to miss any possibility of avoiding the terrible cal- anllty which threatens the whole \vorlil;" he appealed to the Tsar to rc move 'ally misapprehelisiou which might have occurred; he proffered his good offices "to assist in re-opening the interrupted conversations between thc Powers concerned." The Tsar re- plied on the same day: "I would gladlv have accepted your proposals had not the Gorman .xmbnssador this after- noon presented a note to nl_v Govertl- ment. doclarinr; war."

"ln this .'iolcm;l hour I wish," said

the Tsar. "tsl .incur-J you (ul(:=: ni'.re that l have 'lone all in my power io avert. war." This nssurnilcc is borne out by the Diplomatic corros- oondenco. it shows. as the Russian i-‘nrolgil Minister said, tiiat "No sug- gestion lleid out to him had been re- fused. Ile had accepted the proposal t'or n Conference of Four. l`or media- tio nby Great Britain and italy, for direct conversation between Austria and Russia; but Germany and Ans- trla~Iiungary had either rendered these attempts for peace ineffective by evasive replies or had refused them al- together."

“It` war were prevented." the flus-

slan Foreign Secretary had said just before the Gorman ultimatum was rcvclvctl, "it would bo largely duo to (hc Ilritlsh Govcmment.” The foregoing resume shows how persistently Sir Edward Grey had worked for peace. What he deliberately abstained from doing. no lc(-is than what he (lid, was governed ~' ri dosiro for pence. At un,cai-ly. stage in thc negotiations, tho British Govornnlent was urged both by France and by Russia to make an immediate declaration of complete solidarity with them (July 24.) The President of tho French Republic repeated the request very strongly oil July 30. Sir Edward Grey thought be was more likely to be useful as peacemaker it this country maintained as long as possible an at- titude of detachment. Moreover. the Government had no desire to inter-~ unc unless tile honor and interests of the rountry niane ir. unavoidable. At thu tame time inilniutlons were klvnn that it should not bc assumed that uv- ilor ::ll' conceivable circuni.1i.iii-cs England would stand aside.

The ciilciul documents thus sfnw

how nnrenlitting were the efforts made by Sir Uilwsril Grey to maintain the peace of Europe and by \.-hom these efforts wero frustrated.

They show also how slow the Bri-

tish Government was to 'commit Dri- taln to any share in the war. That she ultimately became involved was due to canoes which had nothing to do

THE DAIRY

'lessen' .va Fon 'rvPE.

Type Ia Perfection According to A Set Standard.

.What is type? Who has made type? What does type tyvlfy? Who has torm- ed type? When these questions have been answered the matter is fully ex- plained. To me type has been a growth, in fact is still growing. It has grown and is growing as wo find one by one points that nearly always appear in great. producing cows, tlin that poiilt finds its place ill "typo" Many breeders polilt to this or that great producing cow aild say, “That cow has is sloping rump," and cou- cludes from this that the "sloping" rump" was no detriment to this cow as a producer. lie (lid not try to fig- ure out how much better that same cow might have been if she had car- ried out straight. Why should she be better? Because ii straight rump gives more room in the pelvic region and under region. And space and cap- acity in those parts arc fundainental- ly necessary in a great dairy cow. Ai- so, did you ever notice that n sloping rump and ti tilted udder go hand in hand nine-tenths of the time? I also have heard many breeders, especially of the Guernsey breed, claim thot ii saggy back was as good as xi straight back in the dairy cow, and have had many great cows cited as instances. But. the reason cannot hold, as ilo one will ever know how good lliey would have been had they had straight backs.

Yet. thc fundamental masons for ii.

strulgllt. back ure so obvious. It is read- ily seen that ii straight back is strong- er than li sagging back, und strength fn' buck is fundamentally necessary to carry n great pannch. Also, the point of room ot' capacity oi' paunch nn- ters here. This point will need no explanation. And so on through un animal. Typo does not signify beauty though it is natural to think beautiful ‘flat which we think perfect. But our standard (.-t` beauty continually cilan- ges und will continue to change with ‘ype. ln breeding for type we are not breeding for beauty, but arc breeding "or thosu points that have been ac- cepted as necessary for great produc- tion.

l have heard old breeders stand by

tho allow ring ami say, “That is not ‘lie l used to work for." Of course it ‘s not. "Type" is and must be con- tinually in evolution. And so nlore "nd more fine cows are produced and developed, so we shall find more and 'noro points, indications of great pro- 'iucticns that are common to nearly ~ll. An(l so these points will become, ‘ixcd in "type," "Type" plus produc- tion"-not “Type versus production." -Iioard‘s Dairyman.

WHAT DO YOUR COWS TEST?

Supposing you know ono_ of your

'vows has u test of 3.4 per cent. of fat ’or the first month she is working, have you any certainty of what she will test the next two months or the ‘ast two? One cow in the herd nmy keep at. that first test for three or tour months running, another may give far ~l-:her milk the third month and the ‘est may increase steadily; or again, with two cowslboth increasing in the crease far more rapidly than the othcr. Ilcllce, at tho end of the season, one cow may have given considerable more t'at than another which gnvc ~.h-iut tho sumo welglit of milk.

It will thus be seen that the quostion

of' uanlpling as well as wolgllin.; of il f2f\\v's nlllk is of great. iuiportaacc. Nloitber is it sufficient to sample and tt-sl the lolxerl mil kof the hcrdt indi' vidual quality is worth study. lt should be plainly stated in addition 'hat the times demand more atteiltiou being paid to testing, for the simple reason that the general average test seems to be steadily increasing. As milk is valuable in proportion to its cream, or to its test of fat, it is im- portant for the dairyman to know which are his high testing cows. Ho may want a specially rich milk for his own table use; he may want an extra (food price when selling a high testing cow; he may want to raise licifers likely to test at least as hlgll if not higher than their dams; so evidently it will pay him to know the tost. of each cow ho owns. It is il simple mat- ter to take samplos oil thrcc days per iuontli. and get ii composite snmplo tested once a month. Ask the factory 'n your section to do the testing, speak to the (laily recorder about ii, or write to the Dairy Division, Ottnwo, for full ‘nformalion about getting your sam- ples tested free. (1. F. W.

THE HEIFER WITH

HER FIRST CALF

Tliosc wllo have been wise enough

to breed the llelfcr to drop hor first -calf in the fall. have matic one step towards making ii profitable dairy cow, for sho luis it good i-liuxicc of ‘forming the long term or coiitillllous milking habit. The quickenlng effect of partllrltiou will hardly have lost its influence over milk secretion. when an added stimulus comes in the shape oftho lush grasses and other lic-rbage of early spring, and if the llcifci' is not bred for nl lcast six months utter cnlving (nine months would be bet- tcr' so that she luis fully rccupcrnted from thc drain of gestation, she will have perfected her own growth. nud he in condition to milk continuously for more than a ycar.

Thedate of breeding must bc rc-

corded, so that at eight or (cn weeks beforo the second calf is expected the "drying up" process may begin. This should hc gradual and the flow of milk should he naturally dlmluislied oy withholding some of the siiccznent food given to (ho cows til full milk and milk secretion should also be dis- couraged by not "milking clean." ln fact, only enough milk should be drawn to relieve any tenseness of the udder that may be present. The in- tervals hetwecn thc pretended milk- lngs should be successively longer and with gestation well advanced and the foetus requiring a tially increase of nourishment it will not bo long until tho surplus__ol the food beyond the need for daily maintenance, which has before gone for milk production, will now be transferred to the unborn

\_vit_h_tha"Bal|rana._4 _Z __-ig* _

v ' (ro he continued.) `

young, and if there is more than is lequired forvisornus xrowth. it is by 'a ,wlso provision of nature stored up

are again made for milk.

wake r-'_ carelessness at. this time.

f' ..ed udder and more serif 'is all-

ments at the beginning of lacacion are frequently the result of want of know- ledge of how to care for the cow or heifer before or immediately after freshening. It’ one wants to be safe from all difficulties do not give any stimulating, heavy grain feed for a week or tell (lays before calving. If 'the cow is not on pasture roots, bran, dashes and such like food of a laxa- ‘tive naturc should he given, and the udder watched und at the first. signs of heat aint hardness a little 'milk could he drnwn to relieve these coil- dltions.

WARM BARN8 AID IN MILK PRO-

DUCTION. _

Cold weather is on enemy to milk-

prodiictlcti. Daly herds must be '.~/vii iioused and comfor-‘.:ible if they arc to give good rctllrns. Warm, well-liglit- ed an(l well ventilated barns ure os- sentlal to good yields. The tempora- ture ol' ii dairy barn should he kept bc- tween 40 and 60 degrees.

Minnesota Extension Bulletin No.

10, by George P. Grout, to be had by applying to thc Office of l'ublications. Iluiverslty Farm, St. Paul, tells how to core for cows, both in winter and in summer. Some things it says with re- Bard to winter care are as follows:

"(’omfort and contentment :ire tile

touchstones ot' success. When a cow is comfortable and contented, she ro- sponds with ii flow of milk far in ex- cess of that she gives when she is un- coiiifortable und irritated.

"il| nothing have the Mlnnesotui

farmers so sinned against their herds probably, as lu the inadequate shelter provided them against Winter's cold ami summer-'s heat.

“lt is li mistake to turn cows which

are giving nillk out into the yards in very cold weather. if so exposed while their stalls are being cleaned or for other reasons, it should be for ii brief time only.

"ln winter as well as in summer the

cow should have good pure water. She should not be required to drink water that her owner would bo ullwillliig to drink. Tho temperature of a cow's drinking water should not bc below 55 ilelzrees.”

ODD CURE FOR COWS

Two Dllcoverlea Milde by a Self-Sacrb ficing Scientist

If the farmer doesn‘t grow rich ill

the dairy business hc has only lilm- sclf to hlame.- U. S. Government oili- cials are just wearing themselves out planning new ways to keep his stock in primc condition. Dr. John Ii. Mohler is one of these hard-worked Government employes. ills electric light bill for night work is simply enormous. Dr. Mohler has ,already saved a good-sizedfortuue forthe na- tion. Hc discovered that tho epidemics of hoof and mouth diseases among cattle, which thc Agricultural Depart- ment had, without avail, spent $1,000- 000 to suppress, were due to a single consignment of impure cowpox virus, imported from Japan by a drug supply house. The virus in question was used to inoculate calves, with which to ob- tain material lil quantity for vaccina- tion against smallpox. The calves were then returned to their owners. Hence the outbreaks. Dr. Mohler hunted out thc diseased cattle nild had tlienl kill- ed. Another (llseasc that Dr. Mohler has nailed to its lair is milk fever in cattle. Cows succumb, in nine out of ten cases, wltllln 48 hours after an at- tack. Our fricnd of the moolilg bossy curcs the malady by iilflatillg the udder with air, like a bicycle tire.

The trouble is caused by tile tend-

oncy of the blood, at calving time, to flow out of the brain and in the direc- tion oi' the organs concerned ill the secretion of milk. This brings about a cerebral anaenllu. By inilating the udder with sterile-l. e., germ-free- aid in thc manner described, the blood pressure is equalized, and the animal promptly recovers. A simple machine for the purpose. invented by Mohler. hilt not patented, is now sold by nev- cral manufacturers. He has never rt- ceived ii penny for it.. lie has genuine ly given his servl(‘cs,t`r(‘oly and fully, to the untion.-'I`cc!lulcal \Vorl(l Malin- zinc.

A RATION FOR A TOWN COW.

I have n flvc year old registered Jer-

soy cow. She has been dry about two

Ito be used as u reserve when demands CHANGING T0 SKIM MILK.

if any cow be treated as here ad-

vised when drying her up, there is

no danger of caked udder, garget and --' other troubles which follow in the The fur" "~ chamre the calf from

_iv

The Change Should be Made Very Gradually.

whole milk to skim milk will depend much upon the condition of the calf. If the calf is strong and well develop- ed the change may commence at the end of the second week and continue through a period of ten days. This change should be made gradually by substituting a small amount of skim milk for a like amount of whole milk in the daily ration. If this change is made gradually the calf will stand the change wltllout distaste for the skim milk or get off feed.

Especial care should bi- taken to

have _the milk blood warm und sweet. As the calf grows uldcr it will do fully as well if the milk is fed cooler, and if the change is slowly made it can as well drink cold milk when it is ten weeks old. There is no easier way to completely' upset the digestive apparatus ot' a calf than to feud hot milk one feed and cold the next. The thermometer is about as good an ill- dex as one can find, and it is well to use it, The pails from which the calf is fed should be clean and sweet. lt' a little lilllk is left in the pulls il will sour and the calf will soon show the effects of it.

The length ol' time flint the calf

should be fed will depend much upon the amount of inllk available. Some feeders wean their calves at four months of ago. it is better practice to continue the skim milk until thc calves are six months old und lt' there is on aliiintiaiice of skim milk on llan(l tllat is not needed worse somewhere else it is best to continue tllo feed uu- til the helfcrs nrcleigllt or cveil twelve months of nge. This will insure het- ler growth und development in thel lielfcrs. `

. . t.. . A ._K*.,|>|.!.|t|:'

_ Pics +>I“FI<+/". . I ' I.-f+*<*§ ' ' "'. ` I f I ;I*‘+>I"‘f: .f

EYE OF THE HQRSEMAN.

A farmer recently sought expert

opinion as to the soundness of a dozen (iraft horses and colts which he was to sell lit auction. Some he had bought and some he had bred. Ages varied from five months to ii. dozen years. The lot included all his culls, as he planned to reduce his stock to fit the farming of li similar acreage. The sur- prising discovery was that excepting for ii. small curb, o. wire cut. and two or three harmless splints' there was not an unsound unimsl in the lot. Eyes, feet and hocks were as sound as gold coin.

This man had an eye for horses. lie

had bought only sound ones ol' good conformation, and he had used equal discrimination ln breeding. Bright eyes, correctly set legs, smooth hocks, shapely feet and silky quality prevail- ed throughout his stock. His wise sc- lection served his effective insurance against unsoundness. it added in

-and the befallen

the Levito other the hearts. is not places

Levito to the another man who thieves did we tlnd Jericho, and we

with one

“There shall

its for this

under ii tree them, saying, lol. "Blessed is

tht* thieves judffed by

when they had

dead. and the thieves his own country. So neither for succonr or

Then the rlanlaritan

sl. ° W

own

life

B8! it

the

everyone was

stralghtawa : ‘Ar ye double ded? as I flee? Greater

than this, that ii man lay for his friends. Wipe me out my good deeds that l have ......~. nor laugh them to scorn.’

And the priest and the Levlte lifted

up their eyes to the Samaritan and sulil: ‘liast tliou oyoa of flesh, or seelt thou as u. man seeth. that thou inquir- est after our iniquity, and searchest for our sin?' And they were ashamed and confouildetl and covered their heads.

HO IIJID his liiia

KEEP GOOD BROOD SOWS.

The selection of really good brood

sows is not as easy a matter as is sometimes supposed. lt is one that calls for the best attention and jjudg- uisili. The sows are to be the mothers of thc pigs und impart to many of them thc desirable characteristics which we wish them to possess. If the sows fail to possess such characteris- tics they certainly cannot transmit them to their progeny. Everyone should know first what he wants and then secure as mucii of what he de- sires in the brood sows, by selection, as he possibly can.

The matter of time lil selecting the

sows for breeding is of considerable importance. There are those who will say in an offhand manner that the proper time to select the sows is at weaning time. Wtih some and under certain conditions it may do to choose tllein then, but under conditions usual- ly found at that time, it is a danger- ous period at which to perform so im- portant a. task.

Al Wealilllg time some of the pigs

are very fat and look nice. but it is as well to bear in mind that excessive fat at that time is not beneficial, and therefore, the operation should be de- layed if possible or postponed to a more appropriate time.

PLANT DWARF TREES

Not only should home gardeners

plant dwarf apple and pear trees, but in dwarf trees the commercial pian- tcr should also find proiitf The trees generally produce a larger profit from

._

mensely to the value of his stock for work or sale. And those of sufficient. age hs.d been worked steadily and hard. so their well preserved condi- tion proved that they were made of the right stuff. I There is an ancient adage that "the

eye of the master fattens his cattle." it is equally true that the eye of the? horsemen determines the soundness otl his horses. Farmers need to study( the conformation and soundness of horses more closely. It pays.

¥ THE FARM

FARM warss suPe|.v. .

In the annual report ot' the Domin-

inion Chemist for the year ending March, 1913, a. summary is given of' analyses of water sent by farmerl'-1.! The report says: “Of the 386 samples of woter sent in (luring the year from various parts of the Dominion, 188 have been submitted to a completcI

wholesome. forty-three as suspicious and probably dangerous, forty-one as surlnusly eoutaniinatcd and fifteen ns too saline to be used as o potable sup- -_ Div- I

“The worst waters were from shui low wells dug ill burn yards or in thc` neighborhood of similar sources of pollution. These merely draw upon the ground water ill their immediate vicinity and must become. by reason‘ of their location .contaniinated. We-

weeks. l live in town and buy all my fecil, but have plenty of clover ilsy, oat straw and ear corn. This cow weighs about 850 or 900 pounds. and lives 38 tn 40 pounds of extra good niilk per (lay nt flush. I would like vou to give me a ration that will glvc the best results. taking into consid- eration tho feeds that I have ami other foods (lint are on the market..

i~lss(\.n.iinl factors in feeding (lalry

cows are abundance and digestible nutrients, palatability and variety. This now should be given all thc clover hay she will consume, together with oats raw for variety. It ls waste- ful lo feed cows ear corn. it should bc finely ground. Regardless of whether onc raises his feed or buys it. he should avail his cows of xl large variety of foods containing in proper proportion the feed nutrients neces- sary for milk production.

ln this instance an excellent con-

centrated railon to feed with clover hay and oat straw is as follows: Two carts ground corn, two parts ground oats, two parts bran. one part oil meal. one part gluten feed. and one part cottonseed meal. Most of these Iare available on any market. I When the cow is fresh start her on tive pounds of the ration daily and increase it at the rate of 0110 \\l\f pound ovary other day. rontllll-lil-'I8 H! long as the cow continues to respond with an increased flow of niilk. guard- ing carefully after the ration becomes heavy, however, that the cow does not hurt herself. At her flush she should consume without difficulty 12 or 13 pounds of the ration.

At the end of 30 days it may be ne-

corn whil later in the lacation e

to decrease this carbonaceoua food in proportion to l.he protein feed.-Mart limo Farmer.

cessary to increase the proportlonvof

. e -

rlod it will undoubtedly be advisable

strongly advocate the abandonment of* lsucll wells. The bored or (lriven well 2 ,obtaining its supply from ii deep-seat-I ed source and below one or moref :strata of impervious rock, has, as xi. grille. yielded good water. Both as tot :quantity and quality, the bored welli ,is more satisfactory than the 'hole' in - the ground so commonly found in the , ,country. it is gratifying to note that such wells are replacing the old form _ of supply on many Canadian farms.”

THE GOOD SAMARITAN.

(A new version.)

A certain man went down from Jer-

usalem to Jericho and fell among ithieves. and as they were stripping him of his raiment and wounding him. a certain Samaritan, as he journeyed, came where they were; and when he saw them he cried oilt with a loud. ,volce, ‘Ye are worthy to be beaten.

from you.” And they who heard his words heeded him not. and his anger was kindled greatly against them.

Then the Samaritan said: "I cry

out "Vlolencc!" but I am not heard. I myself will fight with a strong arm.” And he went up and fell upon them. and smoto certain of them; and the Lord brought the fear of him upon them. so that they lied and went forth to hide themselves.

Then the Samaritan bound up the

wounds of him who had gone down .from Jerusalem. and comforted him, though tha_hlood.ran out of his own wounds into the ground. And hc said. 'No man shall set on thee to hurt thee." And when they had resi- ed a while they went on their way

|Put away the evell of your dolngs`

a given space of ground and bear pro- fitable crops several years earlier and the fruit is larger and of better qual- ity. As the trees grow low and de- velop road heads they are easily cared for as regards spraying, thin- ning. harvesting and other attention. Some varieties begin to produce fruit thc first year, while all are likely to bear the econd season. The fourth year a full crop is generally borne;