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THE GUARDIAN

- luthorized ll Second Clan Mali Post Office Department. Ottawa The Island Guardian Publishing Co. CIRCULATION

Total City Zone ........... .. Ietnii Trlding Zone All other Total Net Paid Editor and Manug ng Associate Editor,

nu . . B. rank walker

"The Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest Ink."

CIIARLUTTETOWN MONDAY, JULY 3. i950

Two M... Vila; or E. c.A.

L

The Marshall Plan has two years to run before it comes to an end on June 30, 1952. Within that time. and provided we are not engulfed in World War III, the world must have closed the economic gap between dollar and non-dollar areas and achieved either economic union or a free- dom of trade and currency exchange which would make actual union unnecessary.

Already, despite unfavorable political conditions. participating countries have achieved increases of industrial production averaging 15 per cent and according to a E. C. A. report earlier in the year, the pro- gramme has averted the immediate threat of Communist revolt in several Marshall Plan countries and placed Communism on the defensive in all participating countries.

The Korean affair shows that it is not the lack of will to dominate that has kept Communism in check. Where the reds are in the saddle they are quite prepared to take the offensive. One lesson which has been driven home in recent days is that not only must specific aggression be vigorously countered, but as far as possible the Com- munists must be prevented from acquiring by boring from within, the strategic bases for a. campaign of world domination.

No Place For Tycoons

The United Kingdom is no longer any place for tycoons as developed in the U. S. A. and, to a lesser degree, in Canada.

A six member committee appointed by Sir Stafford Cripps, Chancellor of the Ex- chequer, has reported back to him that the present rate of income tax and surtax means that no individual can have much more than 15,000 (S15,500) a year to spend-only 70 taxpayers in the whole country are left with more than S18,000 a year. Many great houses, ”the stately homes of England", need not less than S'i5,UO'0"per annum, some as much as 330,000, merely to preserve

, them and their contents from deterioration. The consequence is that estate owners to a large extent are disposing of their old hereditary, or recently acquired, mansions, as they have not sufficient income to sup- port them. Recently Her Majesty the Queens nephew, Earl Harewood, had to dispose of three quarters of his estate, mostly to his tenants, in order to pay taxes

', and succession duty, leaving him with but 2570 of his inherited property with which to carry on. Were he to die within the next

i ten years, the balance of his estate will be required to satisfy the demands of the Chancellor of the Exchequer.

The Chancellorls committee was asked

, to suggest ways and means by which his-

. toric homes could be safeguarded in the nation's interest. The committee's report paints a dramatic picture of the modern ar- istocrat shivering in his draughty, damp halls with weeds invading his gardens, but still holdng on to the old home as a mat- ter of family pride.

The country must come to the rescue of the stately homes, the report urged.

"These houses and their surroundings mirrorsome six centuries of our social history and domestic life - Medlaeval, Tu- dor, Stuart and Georgian.

"They are a constant reminder of that grace and dignity which gave place a cen- tury or more ago to the ugly and squalid sprawl of our industrial towns and the mean and haphazard growth of many of our vil- lages."

Main recommendations for saving the stately homes: 1. Councils for England, Wales and

Scotland should be appointed by Sir Staf- ford Cripps.

2. The councils should compile a list of houses of outstanding architectural or his- torlc importance, for the preservation of which they should assume a general respon- sibillty.

3. These houses should, as far as pos- sible, be preserved as private residences oc- cupied preferably by the families connected with them.

. 4. Their owners should be granted cer- tain reliefs from income tax, surtax, and death duties. , .

Q. The councils should have state funds out of which they could make grants or give loans for the repair of the houses on the lists. - -

Ales, this implies the dispersal olf hered- itary estates to provide for new experiments

insucfslisxn. ' T

EDITORIAL NOT ES

A new month, a new Party leader. . .

O The Conferees Institute of Agricultur- ists had both an enjoyhble and profession- ally profitable time in our midst. I I I Teachers become pupils for five weeks at the summer school classes commencing today at P. W. C. '

The Veterans' Land Act settlement of- ficers spend their working hours putting others on the farm. For one day they are personally facing the problems of their ap- plicants.

Psychiatrists at the Halifax meeting have given belated recognition to the value of the general practitioner as a child psy- chiatrist. He not only knows his work but has the advantage of knowing his patients.

0 O 0

Perhaps it is just as well the Opposition did not persuade the Government to pro- vide the promised ”shelf" of available re- lief projects. The Chignecto Canal project was shelved at Confederation and is still awaiting action.

0

Canada's reasonably prompt action in asking the U. N. Security Council what aid this country can give to fight aggression is in marked contrast to this country's stand on the Abyssinian, incident in 1936. All that followed that refusal to uphold the League of Nations has been a hard lesson

but seemingly well learned. I I I

Cortisone, the wonder drug that has proved so effective against some forms of human arthritis, is now being advocated as a cure for ketosis or acetonenua, one of the most costly diseases of dairy cattle in the United States. Considering the cost of the cure, it would seem that a lot more re- search on prevention is still in order. 0 O 0 According to Wall Street Journal, the biggest bug-spraying operation in history is about to get under way in the Northwest woods. Target of the T1 million aerial at- tack is an army of spruce budworms, pesti- ferous inch-long caterpillars which have eaten their way into more than two mil- lion acres of the finest Douglas and white fir timberlands in Oregon and Washington. This promises to be the worst bug year in U. S. annals, with everything from grasshoppers to plum curculios on the ram- page. The air attack on the budworm is an example of how one section proposes to outmanoeuvre the insects. I Q 0

Usually it is the speed demon who comes in for criticism as a menace to safety on the highways, but an exchange cites a case, which is certainly not exceptionalwhere the pokey driver is the villain. One driver wended his way along at 20 miles an hour and was closely followed by a car of ancient vintage. Soon there was a procession and an impatient tourist stepped on the gas thinking of passing. He met an oncoming car speeding from around a curve and there was a crack-up. Speed was certainly a factor in that smash, but there was lots of blame to be shared with the pokey driver and with all the drivers behind who follow- ed far too closely upon their next ahead.

0 O C

James Monroe, fifth President of the United States, died this date 1831. After an exceptionally busy and successful politi- cal career, he was elected President in 1816, but compromising on the burning question of state rights, and slavery, he lost prestige in both North and South. His most out- standing act was the promulgation of the Monroe Doctrine which had as its prin- ciple to prevent European interference or future colonization in America, called forth by fear of European aid to Spain for re- covery of South American colonies; by the Clayton-Bulmer Treaty of 1850, just one hundred years ago, Great Britain and the U. S. agreed not to colonize Central Am- erica, a doctrine several times also applied to South America. ,

C O O

In an address in Beverley Minster, York- shire, Sunday, at a service at which the Princess Royal presented colours to the East Riding branch of the British Red Cross Society, the Archbishop of York, Dr. Gar- bett said that the possibility of another war could not be ignored. The most urgent problem today was to secure by interna- tional agreement the prohibition of the manufacture and use of weapons which would destroy civilization. "Month after month passes and apparently no concerted and persistent attempt is made to reach agreement on a matter so vital to man- kind," said Dr. Garbett. "The sense of frustration over past failures seems to have paralyzed any new attempt. The knowledge that now these weapons are possessed by nations who are rivals creates an ever-in- creasing sense of insecurity and fear among the peoples of the world. Another attempt -possibly on new lines-without further de-

lay should be made to reach an agreement on this matter."

Back To Wind Power For Electrical Energy

(By Maurice Goldsmith. UNESCO) science editor) - Windmills are going up again ini various parts of the world. But not, the classical friendly-looking Dutch -. type with which we are all faml-I liar from our childhood story books.- The new mills are designed weap- ture power from the wind and to translate it into electrical energy for use in our modern homes and in- dustry. They are an expression of the fact that many countries car.- not afford to import fuel in the form of coal and oil and that wind power may. in many cases, prove an admirable substitute for, or ad- dition to, outer forms of power. Countries such in the U. S. A.. Denmark, France. the Nether- lands and Britain already have teams of experts investigating how the winds which blow over their countries can he captured to pro- duce more electrical power. I O 0

The British have set up a wind Power Research station in the Ork- ney fslands, -where it is proposed to erect a 100 kwt, generator which will be tied in with the electricity supply servicing the islands. It is estimated that the western coastal districts of Britain are among the windiest in the world, and experts say that only a few hundred feet above the ground, millions of horse power in the form of wind cross the coasts on a windy day.

A report. issued twd years ago by the British Electrical and Allied Industries Research Association gave a tentative estimate that be- tween 3.5'l and 7.5 million kw hours of electricity might be gen- erated yearly in Great Britain hr wind power. This would be equiva,. lent to a saving of from 2 to 4 million tons of coal.

In these terms, wind power is of distinct economic importance. Its supply is free and inexhaustible The British expert. Mr. E. w. Golding. points out that there are, however, two main disadvantages which must be met if it is to be used economically for electrlcty supply: the low energy content per unit of volume of air, and its un- certain availability at any parti- cular tlme. .

The first disadvantage is likely to result in relatively high costs for storage facilities which, will preserve the energy for use during non-windy periods. It Is Mr. Gold- lng's opinion that storage should be ruled out in large-scale oper- atlons, and that wind power should be used as and when it is avail- able. The windmill must therefore be erected on very windy sites in close proximity to local networks of electricity supply.

Mr. Golding calculates that, for Britain. wind power can be pro- duced at a cost of .2-id. to .38. per kilowatt hour, which compares fa- vourably with the cost of fuel in a stream-driven power station, for which the average figure is Ad.

0 O O

The Danish government has been experimenting in wind pow- er plsnts since the end of the last century. Between 1900 and 1910. several hundred wind power plants of 3 to 30 kw capacity were set up. These were used partly to supply current to big estates. and partly to supply villages. These wind power plants were based on bat- teries, small size petroleum motors often being used durlnz calm weather. They were in operation for 25 to 30 years until the high tension plants superseded them

Now, as electricity has become almost the main source of power supply in Denmark. it has become necessary to secure a steady sup- ply. Thls. in connection with high coal prices and the difficulty of importing fuel. is the reason why the question of the rational utili- satlon of wind power has again been taken up. wind is. in fact. the only natural large-scale source of power in Denmark.

For the past three years, the South East Zealsnd mectriclty Co. Ltd. has been doing researches in this field. A trlsl mill has been built Ind 1 wind power plant will probably be erected. These plants will most profitably be set. up on Western coasts and, in adequate numbers, will be able to yield 00?; to 7095 of the power supply need- ed at any time in Denmark.

0 0 O

In Italy, researches in this field began in 1940. The French have installed more thsn 100 special In- struments in rrsnce, North Africa and In certain colonial territories. Prellminsry results indicate that the best sress in France for wlnd machines are on the Mediterrane- sn cont, dong the northern half of the Spanish frontier. nesr one mouth of the Rhone, in Brittany. and slong the cont nosr the Bel- glsn frontier. Then is

s on ?- psrstus at the top of the n all Tower in Paris to collect data on

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A? 7?...-5.?

FROM "PARADISE UJST”

With thee conversing I forget s.li' tion

0.

All seasons and their change, all please silks.

Sweet is the breath of morn, her rising sweet,

With charm of earliest birds; pleas- snt the sun,

when nrst on this pelightful land -he spreads

His orient booms on herb, tree, fruit, and flower.

Glisberlng with dew; fragrant the

fertile earth

After soft showers; and sweet the coming-on

01 grateful evening mild; then sil- ent night,

with this her solemn bird, and this fair moon.

And these the gems of heaven, her starry train.

But neither breath of morn, when she ascends

with charm of earliest birds; nor rising sun

On this delightful land; nor herb, fruit, flower,

Gllstering with dew. nor fragrance after showers:

Nor grateful evening mild, nor sil- ent night,

with this her solemn bird; walk by moon.

nor

Or glittering starlight without thee is sweet. qlohn liens-rm.) wind velociy.

Main interest at the moment is in two types of windmills. In one, instead of pumping water or op- erating s millstone. the drive shaft turns an electric generator. The other is made up of a hollow pro- pellor with three blades, which are open at the tips. When the propeller rotates the air is expelled from the tips by centrifugal forc, which creates a vacuum so that air is sucked through the air turbines, which drives the generator: The advantage of this latter type of windmill is thntthe weighty gen- erating machines are kept on the ground and not. as it. other wind- mills, perched on top of the wind- mill tower. one windmill erected in the U. S. A. in 1941 had s. gen- erator welghing 260 tom placed an top of the tower. There is an ob- vlous dlsndvsntsge in such s con- struction.

It is s for from the days of old when wind power was used to drive ships. to this modern day when it will be used to generate electricity to keep the wheels of mighty Industries going. It is an impressive lesson of how for we, in every 388. can harness nature to our varied purposes.

g The Age-Old Story

than he that xintteroth with the tongue.

Under One Flag

(W. J. l-Iesly in the Winnipeg Free Press)

Manitoba is the central portion of I region which has been under one flsg more continuously than any other part of contlnentalrlorth America. it hasnever been under any other flag than the British. In 1612 the first white man to set foot within the Manitoba of today, the English navigator, Thomas Button, arrived at the mouth of the river Nelson. to which he gsvc the name of his sailing master. He wintered there, and before leaving the following year set up a cross of wood, bearing an inscription which took possession for the Brit- ish Crown.

Story Of Shipwreck

In i612 there was published in London a book entitled "A Discov- ery of the Bermudas. otherwise called the isle of Divels." which told the story of a shipwreck suf- fered the year before by Sir Thomas Gates and his companions in a voyage of discovery, a book which Shakespeare read, as is plgin from pssages in "me Tem- pest". Thomas Button was one of the survivors from that shipwreck near "the still vexed Bermoothes."

On August 19th, 1631, nineteen years after Captain Buttolfs ar-

)

rival at the mouth of the Nelson, i

the wooden cross he set up there was found fallen by Luke Foxe. "captsine and pylot on His Majes- tyfs pinnace. the Charles." as he tell: in his book printed in Lon- on in 1635. which is in the Pro- vincial Library in Winnipeg.

He raised the cross again, and fastened upon it I plate of lead proclaiming anew "the right and possession of my dread Soverslgne Charles the First. King of Great Brittaine. France and Ireland. de- fender of the faith." He was in search of a northwest passage to "the lie Japan. China and the Orl- entsl India."

0 0

Part of the half-century of con- flict between Grest Britain and France for this continent was fought along what is now the Man- toba coast line. A French expedi- tion of three warships buttered down Prince of Wales fort. at the mouth of the river across from Churchill. But that bombardment was just before the treaty of Ver- sailles, and so was without effect

a

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Notes Bx

. The Ottawa Journal's explanat- ion of the sky-high price of beef is as impressive as anything we have seen or hesrd in that con- nection. Meet prices are the cause of concern to every consumer. and there does not appear any relief in slg.bt.- (Struford Beacon-Her old.)

'lVvo conclusions are to be drawn from recent byelectlons: The C. C. F. is continuing to lose strength in the country, and: The Conserv-

t utive party is displaying recuper-

atlve power particularly in con- sf? encies which traditionally are of its persuasion.-(Winnipeg Free Press.)

The Reverend Dan Mcivor. Lib- eral M.P. for Fort William, pulled a tin whistle out of his pocket dur- ing a division and started to tootle. The Speaker of the House of Com- mons thereupon banned tin whis- ties. Quite rightly; horn-blowing is the proper pastime for politic- ians.-(Peterborough Examiner.)

The plain fut seems to be that the Canadian Government, though it now has a Minister of Immig- ration. doesn't appear to have a definite immigration plan. Govern- ment ilmidity and silence may be

. caused by the fact that there is

unemployment in Canada this year for the first time since the war. And for about a century Can- adian policy on immigration has been bedevilled by the same fear. it has been stressed as an offset to the admitted need for more people to develop the nation's re- sources. However, the experience of the last few years has shown remarkably that the expanded prosperity caused by having more people in the country mskes oc- cosionsl unemployment easier for the national economy to bear.- (Vancouver Sun.)

.j:j:--?-- in establishing French control on Hudson Bay.

in considering the history of the nrst adventurers into the west. we must put out of our minds the rnsp of today and remember that they were adventuring into the un- known. Few of them found what they expected to find. From Hud- son to L: Verendi-ye they were seeking a short cut to the fabulous wealth of the Orient.

Hudson perished in the inland sen whose waters hide the secret of his fate. Ls Verendrye, who by the machinations of his enemies in Quebec and in France died I ruined man. failed in his quest of "the Western Ses," but he was in a real sense the discoverer of Wectem Canada. the first white man to descend the Winnipeg river. the nrst to see Lake Winni- peg. the first on the Red. the A-9- sinlbolne and the Saskatchewan- except the young Henry Kelsey- nnd the first to see the buffalo.