mos rotm A _ run CHARLOTTETOWN autism/u}: I JUNE 1.1g

m: G nous av TIIE wiv F01‘ vitaurq dlwaq; u. GIIARLDTTETBVIII GUARDIAN f

............ BRAHMI

ORANGE

in defense, external relations, banking and cre- dit and from the operations of such institutions as the Loan Council. The Commission was in- clined to the view that when everything was con- sidered, the net effects of federal policies on the claimant States were probably favourable. At any event, the position was taken that even if

PUBLIC FORUM

Till column ll 0N! l" u" dlseaeatea by Mllruanndeata of questions of latereat. The Olin- lottetowl Guardian does not no- eeuarlly endorse the enlnlelll °l correspondents.

It has been sugelted thlt the mxidie-aged person might avoid nervous indigestion if" he would ‘Kollow a system of living in which he nnds tranquility of mind." ‘ibis advice as far as it

President Heat-Col. W. Chester 8. MeLure Vice President J. B. llurnett. FJJ.

had been adopted by a duly elected Parliament

Secretary Lleat-Col. D. A. Maelilnana, 13.8.0. it could shown that the reverse were true, _ An d w u it “up -- _-__»::___ Iditor and Managing Director J. B. Burnett, F-J-l- the Commission was not the proper authority fiiieetfe is advtiiioeuseas tom Willi to do Herr Hitler will come lnvitiolblo qualities which m“ , Associate Editor Frank Walker to adjust these nmttem Since federal policies gaping? uiysiitgksbariglaes ‘£10 u: AGRICULTURE INSTRUCTION éifthe “nay the intense g because SUBSCRIPTION RATES the nettt winaow. mie soft-ball game Bin-I have noticed a discussion know history boiiliiat If I felt imd°°e'“.§‘“i§,g-W~a

he anddhls little

‘$5.00 per year (in advance) delivered to City . m m _ h . who I ’ ed re

m» P" 1w’ <1» wuss-w well"! w P- Elem“ '°P"“"""g P!‘ W“ °f “w °°““"Y' ‘h? Pmb" at. ifiifmfitgifi mgtwdfiisw tlafi sramvitiiifi fimmm‘ l?‘ ““"°““‘“.°- Fliimm mo?” .3?“ "w" °“““°°“°’ °' m“ Th“ Refit“ Us e to e press my be h there now that there most useful service

85-00 P" year lln adieu“) Mimi" C111"!!- i-"d - - lem was political and as such was outside the taxes, economic uncertainty and sonal views. have been for several centuries in —I would 8elfdhlm‘wh1ch I “i Members Audit Bureau o! Circulation: province of the Grams conlml-SSI-onv Euxoper-New York Times. neiggipiwtgetiilnmmaézrlflcliruatlmsglipohmilxincg iiixwmmlsimiziwo mum gggqrdmt w,“ M Carlyle‘ “Lam: i-‘ggy tit-rim (This, it may be noted, was substantially the 1 do not lmow l: the following why? ' Hnghignlsnggr gugggséigas‘. fund gy m; $3,“, that “fig °' 01"" Cmmwl-‘W’ 0r some m“

“The Strongest Memory is Weaker than the Wealresflwrrk.”

wen .l.n the first place. most of our teachers know very little about Z3fv=7i‘”&§i'i“t"ifilt.fi“l° “h? c en . wh is this? c ion

y In P. W. C. there is not enough

be in power at the present moment is aibout as dangerous as ho Judge America by the party that happens to have control oi’ the machinery of the government in Washington, There is no need for Adolf Hitler (nor for Benito Mussolini) to worry about Neville Chamberlain. But one of these days he will come up against the shade of Oliver Crom- well. and then let him look out, for the spirit of Oliver Cromwell will defeat him as it has defeated every- one these last 300 years who judged England merely by what appeared

Protector. and

would write: "Mémqmi 0:1,?" . Hitler. This is a story o; thenwh who will defeat you before the of another year. 1 knqw m“ h‘ . only a ghost. but he i5 B l. Rhwt. 10i- part of his sDii-ii- m,

. . . . . HIST. l6 bi attitude taken by the Duncan Commission in its m ography M a“ h’

inquiry into the claims of the Maritime Prov- inces in i926. For refusing to stultify its re- commendations by wandering into the political sphere of tariff policies the Duncan Commis- sion has been criticised. and some of this critic- ism was even embodied in the brief presented by the Campbell Government to the Rowell Com- mission).

The Australian Commission found that apart from political objections it would he a danger-

imecdote was bom in Italy or Ger- many, it circulates in both coun- U196, passed from mouth to mouth, but only between people who know each other well and in great sec- recy. "Doddy." asked a small boy. “wnat_ is the difference between Socialism. Communism and rasc- ism?" “It's like this. son. we have four cows. Socialksm will take two from us. for the community. Com- munism takes all four. and pays you a wage for the work you do.

To have high blood pressure or low blood pressure does not mean that any disease is present. In fact, high blood pressure in one interest taken in agriculture. 1 am individual and low blood pressure not going to criticize Mr. Reddirrs in another 'mpy not only work but he holds only two periods natural for each of these individ- per week and it is worth only 75 uels but may mean better health mlPkB ifiXvludlflk the botany stud- than ii’ they had what might be 16d beiore 011118741185). HOW much culled normgl blood pressure,

, “vied” °f this Sub-is“ do our The individual with high blood The cows go to make up e bigger future teachers receive under thee-e pressure may have this high 1,100.1 355.2" lf§€°.‘€’3t駓l1°fti.l°§nfii;9i' ‘?Jl‘.“’35h1§2i°.°‘§.fw€‘él“§i‘a ‘élvthfi? 1"°""'° "my New" m’ ‘“ °"' The CommmweaL . o, 200 marks for m Then we might citabie and emotional, or because

wmmespay. sums i, 193s Liberal Opinion

{Among the things that ‘Prime A-TTHTSTCI‘ King should be thankful for is the fact that tut‘

. . . , . . . will once howtll Luunulssitm is not sitting on the foreign M‘

Soon Cromwell hoist his old battle fiat; and . rallv nu 01d Ironsldes and m: Hitler.

0K

.....=-.~..- l jiiqrszssn

‘ derived important benefits from common policies

policy uf the King lio\"crl111iciit._.\ leading [mem- bcr of the Rinvcll Louinussiou is Dr. W. Da-

.f()(_', editor-in-elucf of the \\'inuipcg Free PICS-s.

(Liberal) : and this is how the Free Press dis- cusses .\lr. King's recent exposition of his for- eign puiiCyZ

"The speed! consisted of further declarations of thc iillllllltllfif’ of the Lezigue of Nations and of the ncrr-z-ity‘ uf Canada standing aloof until such tinn- ns. in some moment of crisis, ‘parlia- niunt uill llPCllltfi, .15 if that magic formula suc- cessfully carried this country into some positive pusiliun towards her neighbors, with whom she must today live and lrzulc. .\lr, King's remarks on the league will not be taken kindly by a sub- stantial body of opinion in this country which has bv no mt-zins accepted the (lefcrifcst attitude of the Cziuzltlinn (iovernnient. The 113K119 temporarily is in ecplise, but if we accept that, we are also better qualified to assess the re- sponsibility for the failure. Canada's share 0f that re_<piiu.-"ibilit_y is by no means slight, and it is a sorry fact that .\[r. King himself, in one of the only positive sortie; he has ever made into the realm of international affairs, delivered a body blow to the League and the League ideal- “ercfer, of course. to his sharp rebuke to the Canadian representative at Geneva when oil sanctions were being proposed against Italy. I! ill befits .\lr_ King today to throw out his hands in helpless gestures and say that the League i5 impotent in its mainr purposes: and it rnust be hoped that many Canadians will appreciate the moral position of this country when its Prime Minister announces that, so far as Canada i5 Concerned, ‘the sanctions articles have ceased to have effect?’ The “Tnnipez paper insists that if Canada over the next few years is to become t! 2"?“ arsenal of British war supplies. We mHFY "'1' evitablv be drawn info anv war in which Circa! Britain is involved. The Prime Minister of Canada should have faced this fact when be un- dertook to discuss our foreign policy. This he fruit-d to do. Hence the Free Press concludes "that Mr. King's foreign policy is one which i5 not based on any principlepf international law or obligation, nor is it soundly based on any real belief in isnltuion. it is instead a policy of drift . . . That may be xvhat Hr. King n1eans and what this country wants. but the process should be a conscious one. and it must be hoped that the various interpretations which can be placed on the Prime blinistefs speech will re- ceive full discussion in the House of Commons

and elsewhere."

Wflgcal Need" And Australia

The current monthly review of the Bank Of Nova Scntia is devoted to an interesting and timely analysis of the work of the Australian Grants Commission. The study, it is pointed out, is pilrely descriptive of Australian exper- ience and is based entirely upon the annual re- ports of the Commission. No attempt is nifldfi to appraise the significance of that experience for Canada, the division of powers and func- lions as between the central government and tbs states being by no means similar in the two countries. Nevertheless. with the Rowell Com- mission on Iloniiuinn-Pmvincial Relations 110W at work on the same. formidable task in Can- add, and with the expectation that its findings will throw liqbt on thc suitability or lack of suit- ability of .\u.stralirln practice to the situation In this Dominion, a comparison inevitably stiggests itself, _

As a result of the establishment nf an Md?- ppflflgnf rnmmissiim Xustralm has apparent-y succeeded in removing tbr question of grants t0 claimant slates from the arena of political bar- g.'iiuiug. and lms evolvcrl .1 lccbuiriuc for determ- ing the amounts fn be paid. Tfcdcrzil assistance in Australia has taken two fflrIflS- The fir“ has involved thc transfer of a portion of the Commoxuvczillli rcvcuurs to the States on a uni- form basis. The other has concerned special aid for particular States. In every year SillCfi ilS inception in i033. the Grants Commission has been presented with claims from three of the SIX Stntrs—\\'r<tern Australia. Tasmania and South Australia~cach of which is hravilv dependent upon primary production and enjoys iP-“S "Milli- irial development than the more populous and richer States on the rasfrrn part of the contin- ent.

The claims of the States were based mainly on the grounds of disabilities arising from fed- eral policies and from natural handicaps, while their financial needs were also cited as reason for assistance.

Great stress was placed on disabilities suffer- ed as a restilt of the federal policy of proteetifln- From the outset, however. the Commission took the view that these disabilities could not be ac- cented as grounds for special grants. A care- ful estimate was prrpnrril which showed that the Commonwealth snrnt subsfantiallv more in all of the claimant States than if collected in them. The gains from the distribution of fed- eral revenues were probably large enough to off- set the losses arising from the policy of protec- tion (even if the somewhat doubtful calculations made by the States nf the burden of the tariff were to be accepted). ln addition, all the Slaves

to redress the balance."

nus policy to base grants on disabilities arising from particular federal policies. The number 0f arguments that might be advanced by every State ivouid be almost without limit and diffi- culties of measuring such claims \\'Ol.li(l be prac- tically insuperable.

The Commission also rcftised to consider grants in compensation for poor or inadequate resources. To do so, it maintained, would be tn support a population which in the long run could not be maintained and to encourage zlttempts at development which were not justified on econ- omic grounds.

After careful examination of the various grounds for assistance advanced by the States, the Commission came to the conclusion that the. only practical basis upon which special grants could be made was "a strick measure of fiscal needs." It was pointed out that the weaker posi- tion of some of the States had long been recog- nized in the financial scheme of the Australian federation and that “contributions have in effect been made, some regularly, some occasionally, to lessen the inequality, but without attempting a measure of how far such remedies are required The Commission thus took into account the results of federal policies.

not on the basis of mere calculations of losses. but on the basis of actual evidence of fiscal need.

“Fiscal need,” it will be recalled. was the

phrase employed by Chief justice Mathieson in designating the basis of subsidy claims for the

hlaritime Provinces in his minority report as

a member of the \\’bife Commission. he pledge t0 press our claims at Ottawa for further subsidy s e ttl e m e nt nn the

basis of fiscal need was embodied in the election platform of the Klacllillnn Govermueut in i035. The Government met defeat, but its pnlicv was appropriated tn a large extent by Premier Camp- bell in his presentation to the Rruvell Commis-

sion. it was also the basis of the substantial part of the claims presented by the Nova Scotia and New Brunswick governments. \\'hatever attitude the Rmvell Commission may take tn- warrls the arguments advanced on this basis, it is significant the find the Kustralian Grants Commission indorsing it as the most substantial

ground which claimant States can advance for

federal assistance,

./‘ Editorial ‘Notes I‘

The first of the sixth month. a: e w s-

John Masefield born this date, 1878. i! i i i

Bees were imported to the value of $43,126 in April compared with a comparatively negligible amount in the previous month and $31,233 in April last year. These were brought from the United States.

a a c n-

We are still importing farm produce when we should be exporting it. April imports of butter amounted to 338,854 pounds valued at $04,086 compared with 3,704,050 at $i,oif,1<)4 in March and 9,212 at $2,068 in April. i037. The amount from New Zealand was 184.800 pounds, Aus- tralia 84,000 and the United Kingdom 70.000.

a a it a

Cheese imports during April totalled r7327. pounds valued at $36,083 compared with 85,- 049 at $lr),624 the month before and Y4LO32 at $34,260 in April last year. N(‘\\' Zcahnd, France. Switzerland, Italy. Belgium, United States, Den- mark and the Netherlands were the leading con- tributors. with smaller amounts frnm thc Unit- ed Kingdom and Norway

s i: v s

Ten years’ resident-e in New Zcalnnd for ap- plicants at present living in the Dominion will qualify them for an old age pension under the terms of the Pensions Amcnrlment Act, which was passed in the recent session of Parliament. The Act applies to persons who are not qualified to receive pensions only bccziusc they have not resided continuously in New Zealand for 2o years or more. In these cases, it is provided that. if applicants have resided in the Dominion con- tinuously for not less than ten years prior to the passage of the new legislation, they will be entitled to old age pensions. Uther prospective applicants who are already in the Dominion, but who have not had ten years’ residence, will be entitled to apply for a pension at the expiry of fhat period.

o- w e a

Italy. nothwithstanding its warlike attitude to- wards“ its neighbours in Etirope and Africa. is facing the poorest wheat harvest in years. and is taking steps tn increase the percentage of wheat substitutes in flour. In conformity with the program of the biinistry of Corporations. a number nf regional wheat councils, including that of blilan, have increased frnm f0 to 2o per rent the amount of wheat substitutes to be tised in milling. Corn flour is the commonest sub- stitute. and a short corn crnn presented added difficulties. The use of a certain proportion of rice and potato flour is permitted. A reliable authority says the government has taken steps tn buy a large amount of wheat abroad to make up for this year‘; short crop. The situation is eased in part by the surplus remaining from last

year's big crop.

In future Army men will receive someihing more respectable than the miserable married allowance of the past. Though the new long- service enlistments are restricted to 5.500 men ..n a year even that means that, by the time the rirst 21-year soldiers are retiring on pension, we snail have an Army o. over 100,000 veteran professionals. ‘rife exitcusion of the recruiting age for short-service categories to 1b-s5 Li perhaps a more debatable policy. These soldiers of the older enlist-

pleLon of their six years Wit-h the colors, and l: before their ieserve service expires. ‘ihe campaigning value of men in the forties, who are not old soldiers. is rather problem- aticai.

ln civil as in military activities the mechanical rooot is ousting the horse steadily and rapidly. For farming 0i‘ transport use we may, it is estimated, see the last 0f the horse in another 20 yeB-IS. There are, however. two classes of horses in tbs country which. thanks to the boom in riding and hunting. are not only not diminishing but actually showing a slight tendency to increase in number. These are the riding heck and the hunter, of which there are now about 55,000 added to which must be considered the~ racing thorouati-breds of all ages. numbering about 18.000. I-low long the cabhorse will survive is a problem. Today only 20 ere licens- ed in Iiondon-fone a smart little mare in a hansom once run by Igord Herewood in his guardsman ays.

There are on the roads of Great Britain K008i’ SOme thirteen thou- sand tramps, o. whom about a third are pethoiollieal to one deliree or another. in other words. theire are wandering about in this country R5 many entirely destitute men as tnere are clergy or the Established church BKIU more mental cases than there are under-graduates at either of our older universities. OI course. vaizrancy on tnis scale is neither the social plague it was under the Tud- ors nor a poiitxel threat like the American I. W. W.. but when one sees the pitiful waste of human material on our roads one almost wishes it were. for then and Der- heps only then. would the country iealize not only that there is sucn a propieln, but also that the remed- ial system. however interesting as a perfectly preserved relic of mid- Vicforian liberalism is wasteful. in- efficient. and above all. inadequate. -London Spectator.

To get a job-get to work dolnl something that leads in the direc- tion of a lob. Get a runnlnfl start first. This is the counsel Waiter B. Pltkin. author end psychologist. gives to 1938's June aradautes-an army equal in numbers to the popu- lation of Cleveland. Ohio-as git is turned loose to shift for itself for the first time. "The most import- ant thing for any youngster out of high school and ooliefle t0 168m l-i not the particular skill of any sin- izle job. but rather what the real world is like" declares Dr. Pitkin in an article on "How to Get a Start ln Life" in the current Rotarian magazine. "Once the job seeker has got the feel of reality, then he is in a. position to move on to his own higher problem of a living and a career. “But the real world is a tough place to lump uito cold." h concedes. “ll/s tackled best by the youth who has warmed to the task of finding a. lob —- bv gettins his running start first. Bright young- sters are beginning to learn the importance of changing the old say- ing ‘Well done is half done’ to ‘Elsi-iv begun is half done.’

and again young people now in Jobs tell me that summer and vacation work dunng their school years has been of luestlmahle value,‘ Dr. Pit- kin points out. "Thus e. young en- gineer, who writes mo that in his opinion one of the greatest prob- lems ccnirontng a belzuiner in his inabihty to understand what will be expected of film in his first posi- tion. For that reason l would sug- gest that oqe secure all the exper- ience he can by working in various kinds of obs ile school. They help him get ‘the feel of the shop.’ " Cit. instances ln wh.ch ambitious en energetic young men accepted Jobs witn little or no pay to get this running sta.t, m. Pltkin insists that many of them may land per- mancnt Jobs as a result of tneir volunteer work. The young men who says "I'll work for you for nmhiniz: it's better for me than looting around home." is the one who will get. the experience in the real world which will enable him to get a running start as he starts in nfe. he maintains.

Visitors to the loadoa Zoo during the next few weeks should not miss an un-usual scene which will not last long. This ls a y.hon engaged .n incubating a c utch of e which she has deposited in her den in the Reptile house. “Cold-blood- ed" animals rely as a rule on the heat of the sun hatch their emu. and pythonl are among the .ew snakes which contribute their mlfo of body-heat tow hcub- atlon. The mother is a lo-ft. lnd- lanpython which was presented by Lord Moyne ln i036. Bhe laid her eggs last week among the litter of bracken on the cage floor, and since then she has remained coiled over them. refusing to leave her charge! gvleriii tetra food ‘landhwater. Previously

a y me. so become very Duimlcious. striking at the keeper

Q

has not been able to count the eg . These appear to be about the e

of swans’ covered with a hment-li shell, and there may as many as 40 of them. Pythons’ em laid in m have generally