. .39-Lisip.,'.:,1.fx .

THE GUARDIAN!

Puhiiuiea ovary was-cu inuruuu II iu Pnnco sireei uni Iattuluwn. P I. l.. by Tho Thomson Company Limited. 'Oonn Prtleo III I lslul Ltku up now" Editor. l-rsnk Wllker General Hunger. in A. Burnett Branch office: It summers . Montague Ina Aincrton. Aulhoa iud Is Second Clan Illil by tbs Put Office Dopuunsll.

Ottawa.

by carriers uhsrlollzuzwu. suinuiersnu ll.'i.1.Io nu Innum. ll.- Ihon In P E l 09.00 Other Provinces and U. I A. Il.1.m XI IKIIIUE.

"The strongest memory is wolkor that the weakest ink."

TUESDAY. JAN. ll. I955

German Technology

While Western diplomats are busy on plans to bring West Germany into NA'iO as a free and equal partner, the Bonn Gov- ernment is going ahead with plans to ex-

tend West German economic influence in" various parts of the world, especially in

the Middle l:Ja.st, India, Africa, and, South America. Already a treaty of trade and friendship has been signed with Iran, un- der which German research scientists, tech- nicians, aiid engineers will be provided for I huge development program. Other treat- ies being negotiated call for German con- struction of an irrigation dam in Egypt, snielters in India, fertilizer plants in a num- ber of places in Latin America, building of railways in Syria, and development of iron ore mines in Saudi Arabia and parts Africa. it is reported that, in order to facilitate these and other undertakings, West German technical schools and uni- versities are being used for training of promising students from all the areas in- volved in the planned industrial expansion. Meanwhile, in Europe, the Germans have

regained their traditional role as the big-.

gest single exporter of manufactured goods to neighbouring countries.

There would be no point now in reflect- ing on how much pain and sorrow civiliza- tion would have been spared, had former generations of Germans been content with reaching out to the East and South for commercial profit instead of territorial ac- quisition. That is water under the bridge; for that matter, the Germans are not the only people in history who have had to learn the hard-way that peaceful penetra- tion of other nations' territories is more profitable than attempts to appropriate ”lebensraum” by military force. German technological strength is well known; dis- sociated from inordinate political ambitions, there is no question that it is capable of playing an important part in the industrial development of the backward areas of the world.

Life in 2000

Vvhat will life be like in 2000 A.D.? In

the current issue of its journal, the Royal, Society of Arts, London, gives a summary, of the opinions of 184 people in variousi

parts of the world who submitted entries to the Society's bicentenary competition asking for forecasts of a practical aspect of life on this earth in another half century. The views are highly interesting, if not prophetic.

In communications, the rocket letter- post will have made return mail to Aus- tralia in a single day possible; pedestrians will move quickly along main streets on automatic spccd walks; pavements in main st rccts will he raised to first storey level .to allow wider roadways for the traffic be- low.

A single plastic dome will cover the vast city of London; house lighting will be provided by fluorescent walls; domestic hcating and ventilation will be controlled by cow-ring each house and garden with a plastic shcll entered by an airlock.

No specific subjects will be taught. in scliools; education will consist of games and occupational thet"dP.V: hypnosis will be used as a mechanical aid to learning. A ineatlcss rcizt-tai'ian diet will have become ('0mplIlsory to avoid the land-waste involv- cd in mciit production. A device will have been invnntcd to prevent at a distance the fission of atomic nuclei, thus countering the dangers of atomic bombing. Hypnotism will he the accepted means of banishing physical and emotional pain.

Some of these changes are already on

the way: others may never materialize. What we can he stire of, at any rate. is that living conditions will be vastly differ- ent. in half century hence. And the differ- ence will lie, not in the development of newer techniques and scientific gadgets, but on our success or failure in meeting the moral challenge of the new age.

A Rabbi's Advice

A time-honoured rhetorical technique is the listing of ways and means of promoting I political or philosophical structure which the speaker has undertaken to denounce. It was used recently by a noted American Jewish Rabbi. Bernard J. Bamberger, in an sddrou on Coxnmiuilsm. HI said that. Iftsr Hi "I hundred par 0-It Alnerlchn patriot". in would so” am- -lhln thin: and Idqlt contain sttttulu, to

' lit.

of,

ions among various groups of citlzzns. A'

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good exai.ip.e of UIAS lace: w...s .iie Au

I years of treason" tag put on. the Democrats

oy some Republican orators in the Novem- ber election. In Canada the chief instru- ment would be the rekindling of animosi- ties between English-speaking and French- speaking citizens; 2. Delay in every way possible the carrying out of the Supreme Court's anti-segregation ruling respecting lpublic schools. The longer this is put off, ltlie easier it is for the Communistsl to lscorn American democracy; 3. Do every- thing possible, by fair means or foul, to

destroy the morale of government services. -

,The firing of officials on hearsay evidence :of subversion, without bothering about due lprocess of law, should be encouraged; 4. lihlncourage civil servants and all other pub- lic employees to spy on one another and make baseless accusations of Communistic sympathies. Above all, keep harping on the theme that Liberalism in politics, econ- omics, or education, is the same thingjas atheistic Communism. Never mention the fact that the Communist philosophy has no room for anything resembling freedom of thought; 5. If a business-man, shout for ever bigger profits; if a wage-earner, stop at nothing to secure higher wages. Every- body should agitate for lower taxes at the expense of defense budgets; 6. Insist on reducing aid to backward countries. It is well known that poverty and ignorance are valuable aids to the growth of Communism.

The last paragraph of Rabbi Bamberg- er's address is worth quoting verbatim: "The only way to preserve freedom is to practice freedom. The only way to achievel justice is to practice justice. The only way? to enlist the whole-hearted support of thel people is neither to frighten them nor to flatter and coddle them, but to tell them the unvarnished truth and to challenge them to loyal, united, and sacrificial ef- fort." Surely all this is good advice; the fact that it was given by a Jewish religious leader does not make it any less valuable.

EDITORIAL NOTES

A Quebec judge has ruled that it is no valid defence, if a motorist is charged with causing an accident, for him to claim that the sun was shining in his eyes. He can wear sun-glasses-or a driver should stop when he realizes it is dangerous to con. tinue.

I O D 0

If the calculations of Dr. Harlow Shap- ley, chief astronomer at Harvard, are even fairly accurate, all the discussions regard- ing the possibility of life on Mars and oth- er known planets soon will be numbered among the intellectual puerilities. He says there is good reason to believe there are millions of earths, each one populated as our own.

O O I 1

Dr. Maurice Lewis, President of the Long Island College of Podiatry, has a word for elderly people in good health; l”Carry on and you'll live longer." More- lover, Dr. Lewis practices what he preaches. At 97 he not only runs a busy college but iholds medical consultations regularly; quite often he works until midnight. He has only one other prescription for longevity: ”Donlt eat too much."

ably would agree with him on both counts. I D O

l - The most famous of British collectors, Sir Hans Sloane, died this date 1753, He succeeded Sir Isaac Newton as president of the lioyal Society. When he retired from active work as a physician in 1741 this library and cabinet of curiosities had grown to be of unique value. He bequeath- ped them to the nation on condition that Parliament should pay to his executors .i2(),0t)tl. The bequest was accepted and went to form the collection which was lopencd to the public at Bloomsbury as the British Museum in 17.39. I G O V It has been established that the two fmain causes of hunting accidents are over. eagerness and carelessness. The same fac- tors have much to do with road accidents. Until it is generally realized that hurried land careless driving is both dangerous and stupid, there will be little improvement in the situation that turns the highways of all civilized countries into human slaugh- tering grounds every holiday season. Any- one can have an accident, it is true, but a little common sense applied at the right time has helped to avoid many I tragedy. C O 0

Strong arguments against further delay in seeking a replacement for the S. S. ”Prince Edward Island" are given by Mr. F. W. Curtis in his letter in yesterday's Public Forum. He points out that it is likely to take at least a year before the necessary federal funds can be appropri- ated, another year before the final design:

f'1-”NlIIn!IIrld9'n.mvI1t.uuavu-

Our own Dr. Roddie prob-l,

I Mr. . Massey

(Extracts from an address by the Governor General at the 125th anniversary dinner in Toronto of the United Church Publishing House and the Ryerson Press.)

It has been set forth with vigor and clarity - I leave to my hear- ers to say with how much truth Aby a German writer:

"To write books,” he says, "is easy, it requires only pen and ink and the ever patient paper. To print books is a little more diffi- cult. because gcnius so often re- joices in illegible handwriting. To read books is more difficult still, because of the tendercy to go to sleep. But the most difficult task of all that a mortal man can em- bark upon is to sell a book."

Perhaps the most significant aspect of this occasion is its im- plicit reference to the future. To survive 125 years of book publi:.'n- ing in Canada is a notable achieve- ment. To look forward with con- fidence to the next century and a quarter is even more notable as an act. of faith.

There are many today who are ready to proclaim that books will find little or no place in this rige of mass media. It has even been claimed -and I quote the sen- sational words that were used. that: ”Radio and TV,have books on the ropes."

Whether or no the publisher is prepared to subscribe to this as a dogma, he will agree that it can- not altogether be brushed aside. Today books are becoming no longer the exclusive or even the principal means of communica- tion. and there is an alarming re- lative decline in their use as 8 means of recreation. They are be- ing replaced by radio in its various forms, by television, and of course by the cinema.

0 O I

The last two represent inci'cas- ingly the pictorial tastes of the masses who are lurniniz more and more to wordless cartoons or tr: pictures in which the captions are couched in the most primitive and

rudimentary of langiizigc. Some- ltimes it seems that what is con- ,vcyed by this language is not re- ceived through the mind at all but is absorbed by the poi-cs!

This does not mean that books and reading are not iiici-casing, but thcv are not increasing at all proportionally to thc wcalth and leisure of the population. nor is their incrcase relative to the growth in the use of all of the other "audio-

visual" mcans of commuriiczition. This tendency hiis b'cn coin- mented on by many observers,

some of whom regard it as inevit- able and even desirable. It may be tactless to remind the :i'idicncc of this evening. but it is ncvci;tlic- less true, that civilization ondiiiuxi for thousands of years before iiic appearance or the printed bum: We must also remember that printed books have been circu- lating only for some five centuries. and that our society has known general literacy for little more than a hundred years.

One might well conclude that a widespread and cumtnnt use of books may be only a slight interlude. a transition, shall we say. between natural and scien- tific forms of communication. Books. it may be argued, will re- main with us, but once again will be confined to libraries for; the! use of the cloistered scholar. The world will pass them by. securing its informstion through morelatr trsctive. more convenient, more striking. Ind broader channels . . .

O O I

In our age. marked by a pro- gressive revelation of ' new and significant knowledge. there it I constant demand for informstfon which cannot be met. by I series of radio talks. however good. the contrnry. as we all know. me usual response to I satisfying ur- ies of addresses on the sir. is the demand that they be printed. Al I mum of serious communica- tion therd may be supplements to. but there is no substitute for the elssr, sdsqustc. permanent Ind

his book.

ports I noel not labor this obvioul

truth. Mn obvioul. but in mi

On Reading

tegrity and the freedom of the in- dividual. it is also distinguished from all other civilizations by the free production and the free pas- sage of books. The two facts are not unconnected accidents.

Today perhaps we cannot say that books have freed the person, but we can at least assert that personal freedom and I general concern for the integrity of the individual has gone-hand in hand with the general use of books.

. One might indeed go further. recalling that the pursuit of litera- ture cannot be reduced to the merely rational level of social emancipation. It is no disservice to the practical affairs of life to remind ourselves that books are the embodiment of one of the greatest and most universal forms of art. one which has an appeal for every age and every taste. which can be pursued, at every time and every place and in all circumstances.

.

I recall Machiavelli's great tri- bute to the wealth and freedom which he found in his library. Having been dismissedl from- of- fice. imprisoned, tortured and dis- graced, he was released and allow- :ed to retire to his own small as- late. He describes his daily oc- cupations and then concludes:

"The evening being come I re- iturn home and go to my study: at lthe entrance I pull off my peasant clothes covered with dust and dirt and put on my noble court dress and thus becoming reclothed I pass into the ancient courts of the men of old where being lovingly re- ceived by them, I am fed with that food which is mine alone; where I do not hesitate to speak with them and ask them the rea- son of their actions, and they in their benignity answer me! and for four hours I feel no,weariness. I forget every trouble. poverty does not -dismay, death does not trrify me; I am possessed on- tircly by those great men.'. '

Alt h ou gh my reference to Machiavelli may seem to suggest the contrary. it'is striking that '.ne pursuit and enjoyment of literature seem to belong in I special way to free peoples;

.

It is I question. I think, whe- ther a great literature can flour- ish long, or even at all. among people in a condition of bondage. At all events I think that, I am right in saying that the two freest of the great nation: of the West- ern world are the two which no notable for their long. coherent and distinguished literary pr d "M I am referring. of course, to the English and to 'the French, Ind to the literature: which repre- sent perhaps their finest contri- butions to civilization.

Today in a mass-produced. mass organized, "group-thinking" so- ciety. books are lb0VQ all otberr the means by which the individual may be nourished and I free so- ciety preserved. It is not only thst the solitary reader finds himself in the com any of great men standing. as it were. 0” 3” 011131 footing and able to come to terms with them.

The reflective reader is also in- vited. if not obliged. to look into his own mind and conscience. and to come to terms with himself. No other means of cuuimuidcatlon of- fers him this opportunity. All oth- ers carry him along It I time Ind pace set by the machine. He must listen or watch with the noun. ha is coustsntly subjected to the emogonsl prsssux-e.sl almost Inher- ent group open om.

At best the individual today is constantly mensced by the en- croschfnents - often the well-

mesnt and apparently beneficial cu... Ichmcntl - of the group. Good books, and perhaps good books Ilims. nun chock tbs tlpid Ind dogi-Idlnt dspersonsllzstion which is the thrust of our timu.

SHEPHERD:0F THE RAIN

Rain fling: slim silver hands to either side

And calls, soft.-voiced to bring the small sheep in . . .

A gentle shepherd moving with the

s e Of hills and distances, his origin. Reluctant lambs with tendencies to

roam

Too far afield can feel the teeth of wind

Nip sharply at their heels and turn them home

On stumbling. hurried legs, well- disciplined.

How tenderly the rain goes circling round

The sheep to turn and head them shelterwlse . . .

I-its slender sandals skim the dark- ened ground.

His shoulders curve beneath the weight of skies,

But love is in his touch . . . and small sheep go

As he directs, for even small sheep know.

-Bonnie Elizabeth Parker in the Christian Science Monitor.

Tall Tale On

(St. Catharines Standard)

The Loch Ness monster is back in the headliness again. giving peo- ple around the world something to discuss besides war and rum- ours of war. It. was an appropriate time for Old Faithful to break into the news. for the monster business w s gettin rather dull.

ld Fail ful is the one and. we hope. only Loch Nos: monster. It. was first reported from this Scot- tish lake during the summer of 1933. Every so often it: shows up again - enough to make page one around the world. '

During December, 1933, the sedate London Times devoted three columns to a sober account writ- ten by Lt.-Cdr. R. T. Gould (Ret.) of the Royal Navy. Commander Gould had tallred to every one he could find - 51 witnesses -who had reported seeing the subter- ranean "serpent" rise to the sur- face. And he seemed convinced that many people had seen some- thing out. of the ordinary.

This time Loch Ness sweeps into the news on a new wrinkle. Can modern sonar devices sk Lch I sea serpent that isn't there?

The fishing trawler Rival has an echo-sounding machine. com- plete with chart and graphing needle. Suddenly the other day whilrti-svei-sing Loch Neas the needle drew the outline of I atrsnler monster at a depth of 840 feet - small head, eight legs, a tall 18 feet long. The makers of the equipment any the image is buns tide - something the ins- chino "saw!

We like the Loch Ness beast. He makes the world interesting. Be supplies the riddle with. thus far. no Inawer. He never I to hurt any one or anything. which can't be said of several other char- acters in history without even the help of excess legs and I tIlL

HISTORIC INDIJITIY Blast furnace: for smelting Iron ore were first used in Belgium about 1340.

BEA-FOOD IIEOIAI.

I-lard-shelled clams in Canadian Atlantic waters need It: Io Illbt.

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One reason why girls no, solar to raise than boys is that you can get. away with giving them lclothes for Christmas Ilmost from 'tho start.-Edmonton Journal.

'- The p. blams of oontompo

art are not merely problems of popularizing strange-looking pic- tures. Art touches life in so many ways that its problems have significance Ind value even for

v those who consider themselves to

have no particular "appreciation" :for srt. The "art for art's sake" notion went down 'the drain long ago.-Winnipeg Tribune.

There In indignant oomplllnts from those who like to mix drlv-, ing and drinking that police road blocks to catch impaired drivers are "an infringement Og personal liberty." They need to. e remind. ed that under our system per sonal liberties are not allowed to intrlngo on public safety. - Van- couver Province,

Sweden is tho htost llluropeui country to change its centuries old actice of driving on the left side of the road. Recently, because the tourist trade is important. Ind so many tourists were being involved in sooidents, the American rule of "keeping to the right." was adopt- ed. According to a news report, Great Britain and Greece are the lost. countries to drive to the left. -Ohatham News.

In the Queen's honors list for the New Year appeared thy name of Wilfred Clark, professor of anal- tomy st Oxford University. It. in thought possible that Prof. Clark was selected for this particular honors list partly because of his achievement in exposing the skull of the Piltdown Man an I hoax. If this is so, the achievement, de- serves the honor given. For it has proved s valuable warning to sci- ence not to allow thvlongtng to prove s theory to end in the sc- ceptancs of doubious evidence.

-Montreal Gazette.

-Tlmo was when Jnngliah men and women greeted finch other by kissing. which was the only acceptable manner of saying: "Pleased to meet you." That rule held for people who were present- ed to each other at a party and during visits, when the man had to kiss all the women of the house, beginning with the hostess and winding up with the maid, and was kissed in return by them. When travelling, the English gen- tleman wiis embraced by the, in- keeper's wife. by her daughters and by the maid: working at the inn. But alas!-one day the Purl- tans condemned this custom for- ever.-Paris Constellation.

Commenting the other day on reading habits. The Times of Lon- don tnduiged in some simple arith- metic which deflstes the vanity of those who consider themselves widely read. Suppose a person read 150 books a year for forty years; resisting the desire to read any. book twice, he would, in an adult reading ms of sixty years, get through 9.000 volumes. For ii per- son who has organized his reiiding -it stalwart who can resist the vulgar clnmouring for attention of trash-three books a week is not an unreasonable ration. port.iculr- ly if he is skilled in the honour- able art of skipping. But. 9000 vol- umes iii a small corner in the vast library of world literature even though it represents the reading for recreation and instruction at a fairly diligent. person throughout his adult life.-Hamilton Spectator.

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'rsgosT '.l'lio(Iusn'ns.n THE WAY .1

"Which I dining roan?” mu . child to me when ws were de. signing I leaf house. Saturday. It we! only then I realized that children brought up In mgn,-,0; our modern homes have never heard of I dining room. How I wish we had our dining room back. Living room eating do" not make for easy living in my books.--Amherstberg Echo.

Aftcr months of study, mute; minds in the U. S. 'department of agriculture have found that you. can't make chicken soup out of skin and bones. Most. of the flavor is in the meat, the, lclen. tists reported." This item should be brought to the attention of restaurateurs who seem to think that chicken soup can be mad. by using I mirror to reflect the image of a chicken into I pot at boiling water.-Kitchener-Waterloo Record.

A Lot of people who Inn khan depreciation credit on improved Property are finding themselves up against having to pay incornI tax on the difference between the dg- prociated price Inc! the sales price, It is a version of I capital using tax. When they ask for details or the law governing their case, they are shown section 20 of the Incoing Tax Act. This reads: "Where I do. preciable property of s t.Ixpsysr of a prescribed class has. in I tun. tion year. been disposed of and the proceeds of disposition cloud the undeprecisted capital obt to him of deprociablo property of that class immediately before tug at position of the lesser of (s) an amount of the Ixoeu. or (,b) (.5. amount of tho excess that would be if the property had not ban dliiiosed of for the capital cost of the taxpayer. shall be included in computing his income for tho ysur." HOW m3-DY Demons can work out the meaning of that one! Yot. to II typical of the gobbladog '- or of. ficialeso in which many of our regulations and laws as couched. Why should government rejulpu tions not be written in can straightforward English whim everybody can understand. instead of in the manner of tho vui-bu exhibitionist? A style which con. ceals the meaning in ms pmdug. of s half-educated mind.

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