.&lR!P0l'tIl'lt as sources of borrowed funds.

93-I-'

THE IGUARDIAN

'Coven Prince Edward Island Like the Dew” Published every week-day morning A: 136 Prince Street. Charlottetown. P. E. 1.. by The Thomson

Company Limited.

Editor and Manager. Ian A. Burnett Auoclate Editor, Frank Walker.

Branch offices at Summerside. Montague aria Alberton. Authorized as Second Clau Mall by the Post Office Department. Ottawa.

Bylcarrier: Charlottetown. Summenlde 315.00 per annum. Elsewhere in P. E. l. 89.00. Other Brav- inces and U. S. A. 512.00 per annum. "The strongest mamon.I:vnku than the weakest Ink.” '

sir Winston Reports

In his address before the British House of Commons yesterday, Prime Minister Churchill made a statement whicii-com- mi! from such a source-is of prime in- terest and importance. He said that his Washington meeting with President Eisen- hower was ”the most agreeable and fruit- ful in his experience." Sir Winston's chief concern was with developments in American hydrogen bomb tests, and the lack of information the British Govern- ment possessed on this subject. Apparent- ly this issue has been clarified to his satis- faction. Of much interest also was the Prime Minister's statement that close con- tact had been maintained with Canada in all discussions about exchange of informa- tion on the atomic and hydrogen bombs. The Canadian Government, he added, has been "a powerful factor in these atomic affairs."

Sir Winston made it clear that while Britain still favours seating Red China in the United Nations after the Peiping re- gime has proven that it is willing to fore- su ear aggression and abide by international agreements. he did not think, in view of events in Korea and elsewhere, that the time is ripe for raising this issue. He still feels that the European Defence Commun- ity provides the best means of permitting West Germany to contribute to western defense, but it was not easy to see, ”nor would it at this moment be wise to fore- cast the consequences" of continued French failure to ratify the European plan.

This is probably all we shall learn about the Washington conference for some time. The controversial issue of Red China's ad- mission to the United Nations has been shelved for the present-since no settle- ment has been reached in Korea and Indo- China, both of which are areas for testing Communist China”s good faith. Sir Winston regards as of great importance the six- point. declaration which he and President Eisenhower issued after the conference. "Int that declaration," he told the Commons yesterday, "we reaffirmed our comradeship with one another; we stretched out the hand of friendship to all; we reasserted our devotion to the princple of loyalty with those still in bondage." Hero, of course, he spoke in generalities. But he added, in terms perhaps as concrete as the subject matter permitted: "We talked in perfect frankness and in full friendship with each other. We dispelled, I think, some misun- derstandings. even some nightmares, from the minds of our American friends about the direction of our policy."

Farm capital Requirements

it may come as a surprise to many that

25 per cent of the farm land in Canada is owned by individuals or corporations not actively engaged in farming but filling the role of ianrllorris. As much of the rented land does not include buildings but includes some low-value government-owned pasture land, its value per acre would be somewhat lower than the value of the land owned by farm oivner-opcratoi's. On the basis of a 25 per cent lower valuation for landlord- owned farms. ii is csliniaicd in the Econ- miiic Annaiist that landlords provide about El billion of the total farm capital. In Eastern Canada lhis landlord capital comes almost. entirely from farmers and other individuals. in the Prairie Provinces, how- ever, information based on farm manage- mnm surveys suggests that farmers and other individuals supply somewhat more than 50 per cent of the landlord capital as compared wilh 35 per cent from public funds nnd 10 per cent from corporations. Much of the new investment in agri- culture and of the reduction in farm in- debtedness has been from current earn- ings. l-lowever. there is also evidence Of 8 substantial increase in the use of borrow- ed capital. The re-financing of fann in- vestment as a result of the transfer of farms to new owners has contributed to this increase. The partial withdrawal of corporate lenders from the farm mortgage field and some substitution of bank loans under the Farm Improvementglaoans Act for the financing of machinery and other purchases through dealers, have altemd the institutional pattern of firm credit, in- r dlvlduals have continued ,to be the most important source of farm mortgage credit; but government agencies have become more

lulu

Greatdncreases have occurred in farm capital requirements in recent years. High- er priceslhave contributed to this increase, 'but the basic cause is the rise in the size of farm units and greater mechanization. Livestock and machinery now account for about 40 per cent of the total capital in- vestment on famis compared with about 25 per cent twenty years ago. The capital investment per farm unit has more than doubled during this period. It is, there- fore, very difficult for a young man to be- come established -on an economic farm unit. Because of much higher capital re- quirements per farm now and in the future than formerly, credit institutions have a potentially bigger role to assume in that development than in the past. That de- velopment will take place most satisfactor- iiy if farmers understand the role of cap- ital in their business and if, institutions adapt their farm credit machinery to the unique requirements of agriculture.

II. S. Fariii Program

The New York Times regards as "rad- ically important" the issue involved in the Eisenhower administration's farm legisla- tion. This is a flexible system of price supports for wheat, cotton and other key products, as opposed to rigid supports set at so high a level as to encourage the ac-

ily disposed of either at home or abroad.

The Government's original plan would have set loan rates on basic commodities within a range of 75 to 90 per cent of parity. compared with the present rigid and unrealistic level of 90 per cent. The- House of Representatives refused to ac- cept it, and the administration settled for a narrower range of 82 U2 to 90 per cent. This scheme of flexible price supports was adopted by the House on a vote of 228 to 170, and now awaits disposal by the Sen- ate.

High supports, notes the Ottawa Citi- zen, have increased U. S. production yet failed to encourage consumption. They may be contrasted with Canadian policy, which has never attempted to guarantee farmers 21 profit but rather provides them a storm cellar in case of trouble. In Can- ada, support or floor prices are .regarded as stop-loss measures. They contribute to stability of production by seeking to avoid scarcity on the one hand and un- wieldy surpluses on the other, and they do not inflict too much pain on the tax- payer. The policy has not been serious- ly challenged. But Canada's own farm pol- icy can be upset by the policy of such an important agricultural producer as the U. S. The constant threat of the unloading of American surpluses in foreign markets must keep the Canadian farm economy off; balance until something considerably more flexible than the program currently before: Congress can be put into effect.

NOTES

EDITORIAL

Opening shortly near Lydd, South Eng.

land, is the first international civil airport

to be built in Britain since the end of World

War II.- It has been constructed in less

than six months at a cost of more than .ii700,000 by Richard Costain, Lid. '

I O O

The British Army's plan to make great. iy increased use of ”air lift" for the future

taking firm shape. Recently an order was' placed for a new jet transport and ordersi for other aircraft were increased. I O O A fire believed to have been started by a boy playing with matches got out of control in an eastern Ontario hamlet Sun- day night, causing damage over an area of fifteen square miles. This is as good a text as any to point the moral of fire hazards at this season. and of the toll taken by a moment of carelessness. O I O

The late Senator Buchanan was a leading figure in Canadian journalism for many years, and a man of outstanding integrity and ability. One .of the found- ers of the Western Associated Press, he also played -a prominent part in establish- ing the Canadian Press and was one of its most enterprising presidents. l-le visited this Province on more than one occasion, and was keenly appreciative of its charm as "a. vacation resort. i ' O I O . , Sidney, James Webb. Baron Pusfield, English socialist, historian and statesman, was born this data 1859. Although he held cabinet rank in two Labour Govern- rnenla, his greatest work was the placing

books he wrote in collaboration with his wife, Beatrice Webb. I-le was one of the pioneers of the Fabien Society which tum- ed British socialism from propaganda for a social revolution to I Dllbiflhintl forthe worklng-clus movement. He sat" on ii number of Royal Commissions and humor- ous important committees. I-fin special in- terest was hlaher education for the work-

cumulation of surpluses that can't be rea'd- l

movement of troops and equipment is now.

of the British socialist movement by the s

o

Sceney On The Shore

V. ,-t'.r

. .,I 1, -.

.

Thefvelueof an article of any dd-Wtlntidn la -lv b -fta, Ibundanbe or equmaybe. lfltisoommomil ' la .llkel.v.w. be cheap: ff aearee.,lt is hwy to be costly. . a thin! in common and cheap in one place an rare and costly in anoth(al3-Q-In part of the world

tor disaru-ltd: lnplrtaof

uth America millions "of than grow wild "and unnoticed. . , On.-' this Island there an as msnrcows as people: on the South Coast of Newfoundland; only. a few miles away, there are , hundreds of adulta and thousands

of children who "have never seen - one. except in a picture book

.Charl'es Dickens wrath of the Ivy green as "a rare old plant. creep- ing where no life is seen". I-lad ' he gone a few miles into the coun- try-he would have seen thousands of them making pests of them- selves. .

The poet Lowell asked in all seriousness: "What is so rare as a day in June?" The inference is that nothing is quite so rare; and, because that in 10', June days are held in the highest esteem. If all days were like June .,days. where would the glory be? All of which bryigs me to the sculpln

O I 0

Anyone living on or near the coast in this Atlantic region, and who has dropped a baited hook into salt water in search of I trout is familiar with this creature with the unattractive name. For that matter. the name is o thous- and times more attractive than the fish itself. for nothing more repulsive looking was ever been on

worse, its manners are every bit

PUBLIC sonulu

This column in open to the dlacunlon by correapondantn of questions of Interest. The Guardian does not necessar- Ily endorse the opinion of respondents.

SENATE APPOINTMENT

sir,-"There are none so blind as those who will not see". Apply, this to the situation in so for as the vacant P. 2:. Island Senate seat is concerned and it fits like "a pocket in a shirt". It has been pointed out that there are two senators in Kings and one in Queens. but in Prince County the count is zero. our Acadlan citizens were the first to settle on our shores. They who were then driven away, whose homes were destroyed and stock dispersed, but who afterwards re- turned with courage to take up the threads of life anew. and who now constitute almost one-fifth of our Island Population, who farm and fish, and who actually vote what about them? Have they no Senatorial ambitions? I doubt it. There are among them many who are qualified to grace the senate Chamber with their presence and who are bl-lingual and would be a credit to the county. Mr. Bernard did it good job as Governor and he would make a capable Senator who needs no recommendation and Prince County would he get- ting that which belonga to her. I am, Sir. etc.. . SON OF OLD ERIN. Miminigash. RUSSIA AND ISRAEL sir,-Recent press reports indi- cate Russia opposes Israel in the controversies between that nation and peoples near thereto. The llzibie discloses that soon all na- tions will be gathered ngaimt Jerusalem to battle, the invaders being composed in part. of troops from Eosh. Roth was the name of ii people who lived north of the Taurus to the Volga; hence, the Russians. The prophecy is that when Israel seems about to be de- feated Jehovah will vanquish the invading army by meana of a plague. Great changes in the physical structure of the earth are also to iakesplacce at that time. Then Jerusalem shall dwell safely and Jehovah shall be King over all the earth and will rule it through His son. Jesus Christ. Then will come grant bleasings to all the obedient of mankind and the times of res- titution of all things as foretold in Acts lilll, Z0 and 21. Before this happens other attacks may be made on Jerusalem and may ap- pear tamporanly to succeed. For details of the battle involving all nations at Jerusalem see American Standard Version Bible rendering of lhaklel 30: 1-23; 30: 1-29; and Zachariah 14: 1-21. The fact that Russian oplloaltlon in Israel is now in the open in- dlcaiu that another Biblical pro- phecy is to have fulfillment in the near future. 1 am', Sir. etc., . ARCHIBALD R. STEWART. Doi-chuter. Mus.

fAe

lydaytblalaalbudandlulty

I

Full of, the wlnd's ,volce and the cries . The more thrusts out a gaunt and weathered hand . To match llve silver from -the

foaming curds 01 surf. and in each barren cove the stark Eons:-if driftwood lie. But after

moon-wash Blips from,,tbe (lighting fabric of the on

(.a strange and time- . . ea . Cfl . wniiiuunmgndu and the tide horde - '

A love:-'1 of

,l'hoi'Iupply a.gi-eater part of the air iuurincdlsfuuni credit.

lngclm.

--.a

It On at llk thl, I eh .4 , gtiu ed 1 la" lonely

.-o-a-w-n l

OTTAWA REPORT

The Federal Cabinet has now for the first time become substantial- ly a "at. Laurent" Cabinet. Prior to the resignations and appoint, manta which took place on Domin- ion Day, it. had still consisted chiefly of members selected by the late Prime Minister. W. 1.. Mac- kenzie King.

Today Mr. St. Laurent has only six remaining ministers who were selected and appointed by Mr King. These are Mr. Howe and Mr. Gardiner. both dating back to the 1935 post-election Cabinet cons- truction, when the Liberal Party began its present era. of power; Mr. Martin and Dr. Mconnn. who were both appointed to the Cabinet in the reconstruction just before the post-European-World-War-II general election; and Mr. Gregg and Mr. Pearson, who were both brought in by Mr. King in the dusk of his career.

The average age of today's Cab- inet is 55. Their average length of membership of 'i-ht House of commons is 10 years, and their average length of service in the Cabinet to date is 5 years. These figures imply a certain lack of experience in politics, not only in time, but more important in the fact that no member of the Cab- inet. has ever sat in Opposition in the Federal Parliament.

There is probably no other body of 20 men," in any occupation in Canada, who have reached the t2'7,000 a year class so quickly as our Cabinet Ministers. On the average, they have attained Cab- inet rank five years after enter- ing Parliament.

0 O 0

Nearly half the Cabinet. has never served any apprenticeship in Parlia- ment before belng elevated to Cab- inet raiik. No less than eight mem- bers, or 4095 of the w-hole, sat in the Cabinet before sitting in Par- liament. These include Prime Min- ister st. Laurent himself, Mr. Howe, Mr. Gardiner, Mr. Gregg. Mr. Pearson, Mr. Garson, Mr. Plckersglll, and Mr. Marler.

The other twelve members of the Cabinet came up the comparatively hard way, having to win their apura as back.-bench M.Pa before being selected to Join the" government

T7:-Tliederal Cabinel

By Patrick Nicholson

i u had as its looks.

Many a fisherman. feeling e. strong tug at theend of his line, bu had mantel visions of a streamlined and graceful trout, only to discover seconds later that the captive was a good for noth- ing. thlovleh aculpln. It is safe to any that more harsh and even un- eeemly words have been said about it than about any other creature. That. so far as I know, is about the only distinction it can claim” At long last, however. to my personal knowledge. the eculpiri has given at least one man

team. This took them various lengths of time, from the extremes of 18 years in the case of Senator Ross Macdonald to la months in the case of Alberta's Mr. Prud- ham.

We are now in the tenth year since the end of the European phase of World War II and hence . moment 0; wide, since Mr. Mackenzie King formed 1 Im mum the .3017 here m his last Cabinet following the end- the have ma; mm, mhumgm of-the-war general election in 1945. who, like mylelg. nu mlugned In this Nm9- N19" 31" W9" 3 7595 the sculpln in more or less lneleg- changc in the Cabinet. M", llnzmge. Wm 1-em what u

' ' f written and thereupon decide to apeak a little more gently of the little creature in the future.

I O 0

There were then as now 10 Min- isters in the Cabinet. 6 only of those remain in the Cabinet to- day; st. Laurent, Howe, Gardiner. Martin and Mccann. It is an in- teresting fact that only one mem- ber of that King administration went. straight into retirement from the Cabinet: Mr. King himself.

Two of them died in office, Mr. Mitchell and Mr. Bridges. The other 12 left the Cabinet while still able to perform some other job.

I met the man-a stranger- half-way down the beach leading to a certain Point that will re- main nameless. (I'd hate to ad- vertise lt ad good aculpin ground.) He had been fishing all morning with bait and, as is almost inevit- able in that particular spot, I eculpln had taken the hook and , held on. Evidently, the man had g'rlo":n”hglu;l;;gIl9 w'ht:”g:lI”';o:: Ir; never seen one before and he was private business. they all t.ranafer- 3gld1:ugl,.l(':,1mg)llw,::hd:;1'e R"; 3; ":1 wntome :31?" 1” M H” "V" sand. as if it were A glamorous erTIlie gutlestinu her were a - "nu "mama nnd' '

I tzd gt: Jud me" , cmgc when he saw me coming towards gfrnlmey 1;, Gfmgn Mr gbum him his face lighted, for now he ler, Mr. Bertrand, Mr. Jean and nzulgmlggg u.Y.l:"1x Mr. Abbott. Two, Mr. Ian Macken- hum luped mg, Joy n um um ale and Mr. Mncxinnon, were ap- u but M mum I ma nu W” pointed to the senate. Mr. Glen tmferuan mu, 'mm,e W” M W" ”P”l"”d ” W 1”''"-”'””'"l Soul: iiioiign about the light in Joint Commission; Mr. Chavrier hu 1'” Agyom with "em C to the st. Lawrence, Seaway Au- monfcoim ",9 it ' thorny; and Hon Wiahart R0bOl'i4- V wmwu, wuun' my mm ,1, 5”" M be Wm" ”l"th' 3'mm' commentln 11 tile weather and

What changes will the next ten Mm , of, few” "1 .wnw.n years bring? Will 1596 of today's I "3 ",3 I m h lym h uk Cabinet move off the political elf manzmmg. "lg ne:u.e,..en.on; stage? Will a Liberal Government mg gm; 1 wufd M, mt ,, mm,

””5f;,,ffl(;l:,;'m'eV,';',l;nm-3,. M, put information he we aim but just their 60th birthday wui preaum- "t,'m”,'"gh”":?'i:””n';jQt'fml ably retire: St. Laurent, Howe, thfnh lad hm ubujifed m”,':& Gardiner, Mcciinn, Gregg, Camp- '1?! the O :1 h. "w the my and Macdonald. Pearson, Gar- "L," um” lgnkom the .9

son, Lapointe and Lasage are llke- ”, mi" '32 2 .. T ly to follow their ambitions into non-political flelda. some of these eleven. ind ' perhaps some of the other nine mlnlsterhiwlll no doubt be appointed to the Senate,

1 had only a moment or so to decide how I ahould answer the question for it was clear that the man wanted to be on his way to

NOTES BY

For the statistically-minded. t-Ila C.P.R. reports there are "approx- lmntely 58,000,000 railway um lin- ing its rlghrli-of-way from the At- lantic. to die Pacific." But oome new-those ties are expensive. Just how many are thee? -Cornwall Standard-P'reehplder. -

I fne any eemmldoners have worked out a solution of aorta to the problem ci-eatad recently by the moving of old house; into a dleiztict of new houses. It is pro- posed that the house: he moved to a site a block or no away. We wonder if this ll drastic enough, and whether a broad policy cov- ering all poulble future bus shouldn't be, laid down. It rndght be well in put a bylaw prohibit- ing the moving of old bulldlnu Into any but certain epeolfled dia- trlcta.-1t' -fer better to anticipate loch trouble than to ky to meet it with half-measure: when it ar- tvee. i i