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,. OCTOBER 20. 1951

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boo-at-so-tie-t-or-Q-sot-e Gooseberrl... And Currants

These two bush fruits are closely related and were formerly grouped in the same genus, Eibes. Goose- berrles are now grouped under the genus Grossufaria. and hybrids be- tween the two have produced ster- llo seedlings. They are both native to the northern countries of Eu- rope. North America and Asia.

The histories of these two fruits in Europe are similar. Their early cultivation was started near the end of the fifteenth century in the Low Countries of Europe and around the Baltic Sea. A German writer described cultivated currants about the time that Co- lumbus discovered America. They are both referred to as garden bush fruits in English writings about the middle of the sixteenth century.

The origin of the names of these fruits seems to be in doubt. Currants were apparently named y-because of their resemblance to the iberry of the dried "currents" of commerce: these are small seed- less Corinth grapes and not in any iway related to the genus Ribes. The name gooseberry is thought lb): some to have originated because this fruit was generally served as a relish with goose. Others think Zr. more probable that it is derived from the Dutch name for this fruit which translated into Eng- lish is "cross-berry."

Eradication Of These -Fruits

The importation of white pine seedlings from Europe, at the be- ginning of the twentieth century, brought the white pine blister rust to North America. This rust pro- duced an epidemic that injured all species of white pine (five needle pine) and threatened the destruction of one of our most valuable timber trees. It was found that the disease could not

Ispread from tree to tree. hilt that

one stage of the blister rilsi.'s dc- velopment was on the leaves of current and gooseberry bushes, and from them to other plncirees. Governments have spent millions of dollars since, in protecting the pine forests by eradicating the native species of currents and gooseberries. They have also P355" or: laws prohibiting the cultivation of these bush fruits in areas where pine is of commercial value. Pro- tective measurcs mention at least 900 feet as a safe distance from white pine trees. where these bus; fruits might be planted. Gooseberries and currants vary greatly in their susceptibility to this disease. The European black currant. Ribes nigrum, is blamed for the very ranld spread of the blister rust in the northern United States. some cultivated varieties are very resistant and the Viking. a red currant, introduced from Norway ii said to be immune.

Gooseberrles

There are some 50 species of gooseberrles, but the cultivated gooseberrles of Europe trace their parentage to one species. Gross- ularls reclinata (L) Mill. This species occurs from Northern Af- rica through Spain. France, the Low Countries, Germany and south in Russia to the Caucasus mountains and north into Sweden and Norway. Most oi the other species are native to North Am- erica. and occur from Florida north almost to the Arctic Circle in Canada.

it u r o p e a n gooscberries were brought to the New World early in the seventeenth century. They were not adapted to the humid mildew and only thrive well in the Pacific coast regions of North Am- erica where summer conditions are

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-oew -NEWSY NOTES - ,

By J. A. Clark, D.So.

I

ITHE GUARDIAN. UnAKLUI'lTHUWN

O&Mir0OC Gooseberry miprovement

The European gooseberry was very highly esteemed in England. Varieties described as red, green and blue we're grown in English gardens in 1629. A list of 722 va- rieties was published in 1831. There were l7l gooseberiy shows held in England in 1845 and prizes were awarded for the largest fruit. Mention is made of fruit shown that was elght- times the size of wild fruit.

European gooseberrles and Am- erican species cross readily. The hybrids. though rarely as large as the English sorts. are very much hardler and they have better col- our and flavor than any of thq native species. The Houghton va- riety was originated by A. Bough- ton of Lynn, Mass. in 1833 from such hybrid seed. It proved to be resistant to mildew. Charles Down- lag of Newburgh. N.Y. produced the Downing variety from seed of the Houghton. These two mildew resistant sorts were the basis of the gooseberry industry in Am- erica.

William Saunders of London. Ontario. used these two in crosses he made between them and Red Warringlon and originated Pearl and Red Jacket, disease resistant varieties that were of good quality and prolific. Dr. William Saun- ders organized the Dominion Ex- perimental Farms, and at the Central Farm at Ottawa. his Pearl gooseberry. for many years a lead- ing variety, averaged 12,402 pounds per acre and in one peak year produced at the rate of 13 tons of fruit per acre.

A cross between I-Ioughton and Downing. made by W. H. Craig- hcad of Blngham City. Utah. pro- duced Poorman, a vigorous variety with attractive fruit. The flesh of Poorman is tender, juicy and sweet. it with Clark and Silvia, another variety originated by Dr. Saunders. are listed as the three best commercial varieties in Can- ada today.

Currants

Most of the 100 species of cur- rants are distributed over North America. They are hardy, and if given wind-break shelter will with- stand extremely low temperatures.

The European black currents are vigorous and hardy, and are grown extensively throughout northern Europe and in central and north- crn Asia. The plafits of this spe- cies. Ribes nigrum, have a. char- acteristic aroma. The American blnck currant. Ribes Americimum, also has an aroma and the fruit at both, a flavour that is objec- tionable to some.

Many of us can remember hav- ing to take a hot black currant drink, for a cold, whether we liked it or not. Black currents were said to be good for us. They have long been considered as having medic- inal value. Research has shown that they have a high nutritive value and that they are extremely rich in vitamin "C", proving that our mothers knew what was good )for us.

Improved Varieties

A great deal of careful scientific work has been conducted to im- prove currents; at the Horticult- ural Research Statlon in England, at the Experiment Stations in the United States and throughout the Dominion Experimental stations in Canada. ,

The Central Farm at Ottawa has introduced 12 black currants orig- inated by Dr. Wm. Saunders be- fore 1887. Four of the e: climax, Kerry, Mngnus and Sa riders are still recommended varieties for Canada. Two new varieties of red currants: Stephens No. 9, and Red Lake are recommended. White Dutch is suggested for home gar- dens. .

Gooseberrles and currents are tasty, tart fruits that are highly prized for jelly, jam and pies and are worthy of a place in every garden where there are no white pine trees within I quarter of a mile. Varieties resistant to blister rust are now available for those who live in white pine districts. Gooseberrles that are practically thornless have been introduced by the C.E.F. at Ottawa; the best of these is Captivator.

Maior Hoople

1 c HEEE6 WHAT I CALLED vo Aeou-rxromw 'I. Know We LIKE TRVING TO FAM

' A DEAD EMBER

I-IAT, Bur is Ti-ierze AMY CHANCE or-' FIMDINGTHE MAUOR A 303 ? GETTING To 85 AN EYE- sosze AROUND THE HOUSE.

WITH A

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THAT'S AS TOUGH AN FIND A SPARE PART FOR A.6TANLEY GTEAMEE, MARTHA! AROUND -u-I .Dor.f'r 5uPPo6e- HED TAKE ANYTHN6 THAT SMACKED OF MUSCULAIZ MOEIOM,

We

ORDER A6 TRYING: T0

were BUT 'I'.'l.L DIG

row

0

The New York Auction Com- pany reported prices firm to 1 1-2 per cent of! compared with sep- tembcr levels for their offerings of mink which included mutations and standard skins. Better grade merchandise was in good demand in the standard category but too too much quality goods was avail- able.

A fair percenlage of the muta- tlons changed hands. Royal Pas- tels also Breath of spring and Green Eye brought a top of :58 with 65 per cent sold. That was a decline of 5 per cent, over Septem- ber. Aleutians had a top of 845 with so per cent said, which was even with September. silverblu including Breath of Spring brought a top for regulars of :42. Breath of Spring s42.,'rhese were off 5 per cent. The standard col- lection was mostly odds and late season's goods but with some good bundles.

Competition and prices good for the better goods but resistance to poorer merchandise off 7 1-2 per cent. Males sold much better than females. The reason why males have been of greater inter- est through the past several months especially in mutations, is there use in making stoles.

As explained by several manu- facturers they are,able to produce stoles with ten, twelve or fourteen male skins and to turn them out fairly rapidly. Besides the produc- tion factor the consumer has al- so shown preference for stolcs of various sizes.

0 O O

The South American chinchil- la is now being bred successfully in Norway. according to the Nor- wegian press agency. A breeder there announces that contrary to the expectation of many experts chinchilla purchased four years ago have thrived and multiplied. H9 3150 Says they have thoroughly acclimatized themselves to Nor- wegian conditions.

According to reports from var- ious centres in the United states mink is having its best sale in capes and small pieces but some dcalers have reported their coat business three times as good as in September. 1050. Most of the sales however. were in the better wild mink coats running from 56,000 I30 33.000. One dealer said, "I have held mink promotion sales and lpiese)p;I)lenf1y;hoflad:'ertlslng but it is

9 W P en of mone buy mink." y y that O O C

Black fox muffs are having ,. ready sale in a great many clues in the United States and fox gnd mink in little boas and wraps are featured for the formal touch with some designers. I-my colors are linked with fabric colors as 10' Bxlimllle the pearl platinum. fox narrow boa with grey taffeta and a black fox tall boa and matching small barrel muff for a brilliant turquoise satin dress,

0 O O

Furs produced in Quebec pm. Vince sot a big boost at the Capl- tol Theatre there when they were dlsplnyed as part of the pageant of fashions presented before Prin. ccss Elizabeth and the Duke of Edinburgh with 50th anniversary celebrations of the Quebec Sym- phony Orchestra.

The group of fur garments were shown as part of a tableau of pre- sent day fashions by Henry Mor- gen and Co.. Ltd. in lion with the Canadian Filrm Fur Advertising Committee. Of spec- ial interest was the Royal Sap- phire fox cape stole made up for the Prince Edward Island gov- ernment. to be presented when the Princess visits Charlottetown on November 9th.

This particular cape is fashion- ed in two wings joined at the top bac by the matching faille lin- ing. Other promotional garments sponsored by the Breeders com- mittee included a four-row tiered cape in Pearl Platinum fox, ii fine

TIIIIELY tlotss ott Iorlcs ootirtscrsn with Silver -Fox and

Mink Farming ?

collabora- '

3 i

:A:AV C99 Vv

ranch mink cape jacket, a full length Silver-blu mink coat mule with cape effect yoke. a full length coat in a natural shade of wild mink with sunburst back. also quite 9. numbe of other types of fur garments. C I 0 Production of mink pelts on Canadian fur farms in the 1961-52 season is expected to be slightly higher than in the preceding year. according to the Bureau of Stalls. tics. At the same time the Bureau warned that there is an indica- tion of an almost 20 per cent drop in the production of fox pelts. timated production of mink p its is placed at 526,200 compared with 515,500 last season. Fox pelts produced this season are expected to be 41.800 as compared to 52,000 last year. The number of adult taxes on fur farms fell 13.9 per cent to 22,- 700 from 215.000 and the number of pups raised declined to 29,600 from 49,500. Adult mink on fur farms increased 3.3 per cent to 338.000 from 230.300 and the kits raised increased 1.9 per cent to 533.600 from 572,600. ' The Hudsonis Bay Company. Montreal. have announced the fol- lowing auctions there . . . Dec. '7. mink, last receiving date Dec. 2; Dec. 20. mink, last receiving date, Dec. 12; 1952 -- Jan. 14. general sale of Iurs. last receiving date, Dec. 34. 1961; Feb. 25. general sale if fills. last receiving dale, Feb, 0 O O The 21st Annual Live Fox Show and 4th Annual Mlink Show of the Prince Edward Island Fur Breed- ers' Association will be held in Charlottetown November 20th to 23rd. Secretary W. R, Shaw is now sending out catalogues of the show and every breeder of fox or mink should if possible enter in this Exhibition because of the

educational value it affords. There, laid out on the table, will be classes of silvers, from

mediums to extra lights also stan- dard white marked silvers, stan- dard platinums and pearl platin- ums. The mini: classes will also af- ford opportunlty for all those who have standards and also new types to exhibit. A few days spent at this show will be a paying in- vestment to anyone engaged in the fox or mini: industry. 0 I O

The total number of fur-bearers raised on Alberta. ranches was down more than 2,500 last year. The 20l.6'Pl animals were valued at 84.200972. The highest price paid for any pelt last year was 3250 for mutation mink.

No chinchillas or nutrias were pelted but they are still being raised for breeding purposes. Standard.mink pelts brought an average of S18 each, Mutation mink 325. Standard fox S16. Muta- tion fax. 318. blue and white fox. Sf. marten S30 and fisher S35.

Sprlnxhlll, N. S. Oct. llth, 1951.

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NOTIC

and be heard.

Secretary,

I ed from 25 October,

Public Utilities commission inquiry

APPLICATION FOR TARIFF REVISION OF TIIE ISLAND TELEPHONE COMPANY LIMITED

12; is hereby given that a Public Hearing will be held in the Council Chambers in the City Build- ling in Charlottetown, Prince Edward Island, on Tues- day the 30th day of October, A.D., 1951, at the hour of ten-thirty o'clock in the forenoon, for the hearing of an application of The Island Telephone Company Limited for the approval of certain revisions of its General Tariff of rates, tolls and charges within Prince Edward Island. All persons interested may attend

DATED this second day of October, A.D., 1951. L. B. MacMILI.AN.

PUBLIC UTILITIES COMMISSION NOTE: The date of the above hearing has been chang-

1951, to 30 October, 1951.

T CGLAIJIOLA BIILBS

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In The World of Books

With Will B. Bird

INUK by Roger Buliard; Mc- Clelland do Stewart; 322 pages.

One is impressed this year by the quality of the writing in a large number of the books being offered to the public. This one is remarkably well done. It is a dif- ferent type of story, too, and one the average person will want to read for the sake of the informat- ion given if nothing else. The author was .a Burgundian by birth and in boyhood had had the usual boyish dreams of high adventure. But when a few years had come along he felt the war had dimmed most adventure and that there was not very much left .in the world to explore. Then he tells of what happened to him:

"Then one day in Besancon my eye was caught by the title of a book displayed in a shop window, a title that flashed before my eyes like a crusader's sword..L'Epopee Blanche..The White Epic. I fingered the few francs in my pocket, then entered the shop and bought the book, thus taking the first step on a road that was to lead to the Arctic and 15 years as a missionary to the Eskimos."

He had to put in seven yeaas of study for the priesthood before he sailed as Father Buliard, an Ob- lale Missionary, and when he sall- ed for Canada and the north be bid goodbye to his native land for twelve years. He was a determin- ed man, however, and that fact sticks out through his story. He was stationed at Coppermine and his first job was to learn the language. then how to fish, to build himself an igloo quickly and in any sort of weather. how to handle a team of dogs that would be quick to take advantage of a bungler. lie was an apt, scholar and one gathers that he felt, in time, that he could do any of the chores mentioned as well as a native.

Father Buliard found the E5- kimo a born materialist and a hard man to change. But he got along with them and gained per. mission to establish a mission at King's Bay, farther north than any other mission. "We have to show them first that we can live like Eskimos". he writes. and one is sure that he has accomplished that. and much, much more.

THE SECOND SCROLL by A. M. Klein; Mcclclland do Stewart; 198 pages.

I have heard Mr. Klein speak and lie is one of the most fluent orators I have enjoyed over many years. He won the Governor Gen- eral's Award for his book of poems entitled "The Rocking Chair," and is easily one of the outstanding poets of Canada. to- day. Anyone who has listened to him knows that he is above all things a scholar. So it is but nat- ural that he should write a book.

and natural, too, that he should choose such a. topic. The! ,whole business is the one that has

tempted many writers of the pres-

ent en, a problem that is older than any of us, the difference be- tween Jew and Gentile.

Many have tampered with the subject; few have really tried to make clear the trouble that pre- vent: the two peoples from un- derstandlng each other. Belloc wrote that the trouble was that each felt superior to the other. No one had evercontradlcted that statement. And no Jew or Gentile has tried very hard to explain the one to the other. And it is quite certain that all the while much ignorance exists between them. I felt, when I started to read this book by Mr. Klein, that he was going to do some thought- provoking explaining. that much would be made clear before he was finished. But such is not the case. Like so much Jewish writing, it concerns itself with Jewish sub- jects In a manner that almost bars the Gentile from the pages.