adiai National Railways {s° looking _ fefward to slicing its deficit this year by a considerable amount is _ god news. The fact that the increas-

ed fevenue is expected to come from freight tolls, however, leaves one wondering. The annual report, made

public last week, showed freight re- |

venue (which accounts for 80 per

| ginning with wheat policies.

—

trained in one. or more of the fol- lewing fields: economics, sociology, politieal science, and public adfhin- istéation. Provided with Offices,

|- equipment and clerical staff, this

grotip could study the economi¢, political and administrative issués ifivolved in agricultural policies be-

The research could be financed initially by an assignment of funds from the Undistributed Payménts Account of the Canadian Wheat Board for a study of policy relating to wheat, and by the addition of further grants from governments or other interested groups or organiz- ations. Eventually, to carry on the research, grants might be secured

ééht of CNR income) down 7.2 per ; from the Canada Council for special

cent, and passenger revenue down 11.4 per cent. The railway received $47,300,000 less from these sources than in 1957.

_ As the Globe and Mail points out, the railways’ response to de- clining revenue or wage increase de- _ mands has usually been to apply for _ More freight rate boosts. As each

boost pyramided on top of the pre- viotis one, more and more package freight was lost to the trucking in- - dustry. Bulk cargoes, particularly primary products, became the main- stay of railway freight. And because the basic-resources industries are particilarly sensitive to fluctuations - in the company, CNR freight revenue dropped significantly last year, dur- ing the mild recession. The point of diminishing returns had been reach- ed. What the Toronto paper fails to take note of here is the inequity involved in this process. Since the Turgeon Commission reported eight years ago, the railways have con- tinued to ask for, and have received, substantial horizontal rate increases of the kind which the Commission condemned without qualification. _ With each flat increase the burden on this part of Canada has grown, while the Central Provinces have escaped relatively lightly. Each flat increase drives more and~-more _ traffic from the railways to the high- ways, which means that higher rates must be charged on the remain- ing rail traffic. And most of the higher costs must be met by those of us who are still dependent on long-haul rail transport.

What we cannot understand is _why the Transport Board was per- mitted to disregard the Turgeon Commission recommendation of 1951 that rates should be equalized be- tween the various parts of Canada. Will it continue to impose horizontal increases, regardless of any recom- mendations the new Royal Com- mission to be appointed by the Die- fenbaker Government may make? The Government has intimated that pending the Commission inquiry it will not allow any further rate in- _ €reases to go into effect; but what happens 2fter that? One thing need- ed, it would seem, is a thorough | overhaul, not only of the rate struc- ture but of the powers and respon- sibilities vested in the Transport Board. This can only be done by Parliament, and there has been no indication that it is being considered.

Farm Policy Research _ Since the turn of the year Can- ada’s major farm organizations have renewed their requests to the Federal Government for support and assistance in establishing an inde- pendent farm policy research agency. Commenting on the value of the work of such an agency, the Interprovincial Farm Union Coun- cil’s recent brief to the Cabinet has

this to say:

“The suggested policy research should investigate policy issues on a broad level to make sure the re- Jevant facts are ascertained, care- ful analysis carried out, trends identified, and future possibilities clarified. Frequently, on this basis, the alternatives of policy could be presented sharply, the implications of each specified and the likelihood of agreement and decision improv- ed. Unrealistic alternatives could be _ eliminated from the range of choice, and the attention of contending could be focused on policy

fesues with a better chance of

structive solution.” RE Nm

studies; from governments for main- taining the research, or for specific policy research projects; and from farm and other organizations con- cerned with the welfare of agricul- ture. It is proposed that funds from such sources should be accumulated beyond current needs so that an endowment fund could be establish- ed to ensure continuation of such independent research. The brief estimates that the agency could be launched in the first year with a budget of about $160,000.

Here is an approach to the farm- ing industry’s many problems which is both constructive and prac- tical. With the advances being made in science and technology, with specialization and mass producing methods becoming more pronounc- ed, and with the growing complex- ities encountered in the field of foreign trade on which farmers are so dependent, there would seem to be real need for a research agency of this kind. We are, indeed, sur- prised that such an organization does not already exist. The greatest dif- ficulty, perhaps, will be to insure its independence from any outside pres- sures. That may be why it has been pigeonholed for so long.

EDITORIAL NOTES

The world’s largest corporation in terms or éarnings is the American Telephone and Telegraph Company. It’s net earnings last year amounted to more than $850 million. Next in line was the General Motors Corpora- tion with earnings of about $844 mil- lion. The Bell System, which includes AT and T and its principal subsidi- aries, earned well over $1 billion,

+ * ~

Recently, someone fired at Gov- ernor J. Lindsay Almond of Virginia. Luckily, the attempt at assassination failed. The Governor dismissed the incident in a philosophical manner. “I’m just going to keep on living and do the best I can”, he said. “If some- body knocks me off, there’s a good man ready to take my place”. He referred to the Lieutenant Governor.

s * * _ Exploration licenses have been granted to an oil°company to search for oil on Sable Island. In wishing good luck to the venture, the Cape Breton Post says it would be decided- ly new for Sable Island to acquire a reputation for something other than being the graveyard of ships, the habitation of wild horses, and the subject for jest by Rawhide on the ‘radio: ee :

* > -

Most of the federal government’s budgetary deficit may well have been eliminated by this time next ’ year, according to the Bank of Mon- treal’s Business Review for April, just issued. This now seems possible because revenues are likely to mout steadily as the year progresses, re- flecting not only the full effective- ness of the tax increases announced in the April budget, but also the ex- pectation that the rate of Canadian business activity will continue to rise during the year, the bank believes.

> * *

Governor Rockefeller’ of New York has added to his popularity with the ladies. He has just signed a bill allowing life insurance compan- ies to subtract three years from wo- men’s ages and sell them insurance at lower premiums. The reason of- ficially given is that women live longer than men, and should get ac- tuarial recognition for it. But the political viewers see something else. Any man who can legally make wo- men three years younger has under- written his next election campaign

pretty solidly... 4

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(Fane eR)

FRENCH HAT

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, wii ‘ow Sone

(Aaa ie

AMERIC SHOE

FoR iegureLy SUMMIT CLIMBING (‘won't GIVE AN INCH *)

AN $

FOREIGN MINISTERS’ COSTUMES

OTTAWA REPORT

Wise Words In The Senate

By Patrick Nicholson

Our Upper House of Parlia- men, the Senate, performs func- tions which in the popular mind aré perhaps best described by those words of our Confedera- tion's first and greatest Prime Minister, Sir John A. Macdonald.

“In the Upper House,” he de- clared the controlling and regulating, but not the initiating brarch, we have the sober se- cofd thought in /egislation.”’

But our Senate is also capable of contributing something else to Our national government. The Upper Chamber consists of 102 members; they possess two val- vable qualities which, man for man, the House of Commons can-

sarily en‘orse the opinion of corres pondents.

TRANSPORTATION PROBLEM

Sir,—_I wish to commend The Guardian on its agressivé and forthright editorials regarding dur transportation problems. This is indeed a time when the press, all organized groups, political and otherwise, our representatives and every individual of influ- ence should stand together to impress on the Federal Govern- ment the seriousness of our trans- portation situation.

Under such circumstances, however, I deplore the attempt im certain quarters to make po- litical capital out of the recent breakdown on our boats, and the urge to our people to not forget either federally or provincially, when an election rolls around.

Surely if this situation is as serious as indicated, political pre- judice and party interests should be submerged and unfair critic- ism of federal representatives and the Federal Government on whom we are so dependent be left out, and a strong, non-political, agres- sive, united, common front be presented on this important mat- ter. It should be remembered that this situation in our trans- portation services did not arise overnight. It has been building up for years irrespective of the

arty in power.

PM preakages on these boats that undergo an al continuous serious strain and wear and tear, might have taken place at al- most any time, even five years ago, and involving even new boats. But they seemed to have occurred all in a short period, and unfortunately the lact ne when the main boat was off duty. Possibly as a people we have been neglectful in not having made a more vigorous drive earlier to rectify the defect that mow appears disastrous im the light of frequent breakdowns.

By all means, then, let us press vigorously for our legitimate rights, but do not let us assume that our federal representatives and the Federal Government are not alive to this situation. I know that this matter is being serious- ly explored. Neither let us as- sume that all that is needed is to make sporadic, abrupt a peals and expect that ol an additional boat, in some my- sterious manner, on some magic carpet, shall be delivered and in operation in a matter of hours.

Negotiations, purchases, suita- bilities take time, and we may not be very clear on the diffi- culties that may be encountered in this respect. In the meantime wt is our duty as 4 people in a critical, constructive, vigorous, co-ordinated, continuous effort, to impress on federal authorities that a really serious condition has built up in our transporta- tion services; but in our inter- ests let us decry political hysteria, unfair belittling of our representatives and the effort to make political capital of a sit- uation that has prevailed and was neglected for some years.

‘That attitude cannot have other than a discouraging and weakea- | ment by pha

ing effect on case. 1 am, Sir, etc: CITIZEN.

not match. They have a great dep:h of maturity, and they are free from the curb of the balot box. The former stems from their greater average age and from their normally uniformly high stature in their community. The latter means that they, ub- like their colleagues in the Com- mons, can say afd do things which they believe to be for the ultimate good of the greatest number of Canadians, they might entail an immediate and local unpopularity.

Thus it happens regularly from time to time that one of Our sen- for statesmen in the Senate, with the time and exvefience to think constructive'y, threws . cut a most “interesting and valuable thought.

NEW SENATOR SCORES

Last week the Senate heard one of its newest members, Hon. Guntnar “Solly” Thorvaldson of Winhipeg, deliver a well-inform- ed and closely-reasoned speech in intréducing a motion-that the Foreign Affairs Committee of the Senate should examine Canada’s role in the North Atlantic Treaty Organization.

“Unquestionably, without this powerful alliance, the countries of western Eufcpe would, at least, have been subject to continuous harassment and bullying, and in- deed more likely to complete sub- jection by theit known enemy. I need not ask the question: What then of America?” .

Thus the Senator key noted his speech. NATO. he claimed, is a valuable defender and guar- dian of the free world. To a small country, such as Can- ada, and such as some of the

n nations with'n NATO, this alliance lends a strength es- sential to our peace which we yet lack individually.

Yet, he said, for ten years we have been “dancing on the edze”’ of destruction. We are spending

although J

a stupifying two billion dollars a year on that most waste‘ul and inflationary of all exppnd'tures: defence. He implicd the question: How long can our nerves and our pocket-books stand this strain?

“It is a horrifying thought that the world must continue to live in a balance<f-power _ situa- tion,” he asserted, ‘‘but then it is also comfortable too know, al least to believe, as we do, that the balance is 6n our side.”

But is the balance on our side? And how long will it re- main on our side if things aré allowed tp slip as they are do- ing now?

WHAT WILL THEY HEAR?

If the Senate accepts Mr. Thor- valdsen’s proposal, and it seems very likely thet it will, the For eign Affairs Committee will hear evidence from experts on mili- tery affairs, from military scien- tists, and also from trade experts. The Committee will become a forum, such as neither the Sen- ate nor the House cf Commons ean @ver be, for specialist views from Canadians afd perhaps from men of our allied nations. Sena- tor Thorvaldson's proposal would lead to a most valuable hearing, which may well signpost our fu- ture course.

And what of trade within that picture? In Europe, our NATO allies are fast strengthening their trade position; they are al- so improving their military strength amd slashing their mil- itary costs. They are rationaliz- ing production. They accept that, especial'y with the coming of au- tomation, a market even of fifty million is not large enough for economic, let alone for compe- titive, production.

We must take a very ciose look at our economic future, with our isolated and independent manufacturing industry — based on a market of seventeen mil- lien Ganadians.

Sefhator Thorvaldson, a lawyer who has become 1 very successful industrialist with widespread in- terésts, may have touched off the most valuable committee work to be performed in our Parliament this session.

New Nuclear Test Plan

By E. W. Ewer

United Kingdom Information Service

The British and American re- presentatives in the Three-Power Geneva Conference on the ban- ning of nuclear tests have put forward a new proposal. It may be misunderstood. It will cer- tainly be misrepresented, for that is the way of the world, so I want to make cleat what it is and what it is not.

It is not in any way put for- ward as a substitute for the com- prehensive bannifig of all nu- clear tests under én effctive sys- tem of ingpection and control. That remains the purpose of Bri- tish and American policy; and the objective of the Geneva ne- gotiations. That is made entirely clear in the proposal as tabied.

But the Conference in its six months of existence has run into difficulties, partly political part- ly technical, which were not fore- seen by us when it cpened. And they were of a kind. which indi- cate that a lot more work will be needed before there can be a- greement on an effective system of inspection which would cover all possible nuclear tests: So as to give reasonable as e that an agreement to stop them is being fully observed. That such a system is acceptable-as a fea- ture of such an agreement is, according to certain Russian statements, common ground be- tween the Western Powers and the Soviet Union.

CHOICE FOR THE SOVIET

choices. Either the Soviet Govern- ment change their attitude on procedure for imspection — in which case negotiations could go ahead for a compresensive agree- ment—or, if they are not willing to do that, to try for an agree-

ses. The British American Gov-

?

agreement to stop those tests which are at present capable of being controlled; with, at the same time, an agreement to press: forward with all possible spec with the work that still has to be done to provide a system of control for all tests. The new plan would in fact be an in- stallment, not a substitute.

Let me, df I can, explain the difficulties which are the kernel of the matter on the technical side.

The meeting of technical and scientific experts last summer de- vised and recommended a sys- tem of control applicable to the then known types of tests; chief- ly those in the atmesphere and underwater. ‘ FURTHER DEVELOPMENTS

But in the interval between tlie experts’ report and ihe surp2n- sion of tests at the end of Oc- ober there’ had Seen further de- velopments. Two things had been astablished. First, that it was more difficult than had heen hought to identify underground tests as such without mbile in- spectian teams. Secondly, that nuclear explosions in “outer space’ above some thirty miles "rom the earth's surface, cannot be located and identified by any method so far agreed.

The first presents the politi cal difficulty. For so far the Russians have declined to agree 4 any extensicn of the inspec-

ion machinery beyond that pro- posed by the experts. Indeed in some fespects they wish to re strict it.

Among the most important of these restrictions is the Soviet delegation’s insistance on a coms prehensive right to veto decis-

~~ pe.” UP

Hidden Sodium Sources In Diet

g St 232 pid

zie

for flavor in such foods as sauer- kraut, corned beef and pickles.

If you are on a mild) sodjum- restricted diet, the sodium ¢om- pounds just mentioned probably are the four you will have to keep a watchful eye out for.

However, if your diet is more restricted, you must also be alert for these:

Baking powder, which is used to leaven quick cakes and bréads; di-sodium phosphate, pre- sent in some processed cheeses and quick -. cooking cereals; sodium propionate, used in pas- teurized chegses and in some ca- kes and br¢ads to inhibit mold growth. —

SODIUM USES.

Also sodium alginate, which is used in many chocolate milks and ice creams for smeoth tex- ture, and sodium benzoate, used as a preservative in som? ocndi- ments such as sauces, relishes and salad dressings.

Still another is sodium hydro- xide, which is used\in processing foods to soften and loosen skins of ripe olives. hominy and cef- tain fruits and vegetables. It is usec also in preparing Dutch-pro cess cocoa and chocolate, but the amount is insignificant. QUESTION AND ANSWER

G. S. M.: Could noises in the head be caused by high blood pressure and hardening of the arteries, and is there any cure

Answer:’ There is a possibility of noises in the head being caus- ed by high blood pressure. The treatment is best determined by your physician. -

BEETHOVEN SYMPHONY

Sweet sound, of, beautiful music do not cease! :

Rejoct me not into the World a- gain. ’

With you alone is excellence and peace.

Mankige? made plausible, his pur- pose fain.

Enghaw ed in your air benign and shre..d,

With imbs a-sprawl and empty faces pale, .

The spiteful and the stingy and the rude

Sleep like fairy-tale.

This moment is the best the world can give:

The tranquil blossom on the tor- tured stem.

Reject me not, sweet sounds! oh, let me live, ;

Till Doom espy my towers and scatter them,

A city spcll-bound under the ag- ing sun.

Music my rampart, and my only one. -

.. —Edna St. Vincent Millay. ..

the soullions in the

MAXIMS

The condition upon which God has given liberty to man is eter- nal vigilance.

sian objections we are faced by the fact that effective control to ensure that there are no under- ground tests is at the moment impossible.

TECHNICAL DIFFICULTIES

The second presents techni- cal difficulties. We are faced by the fact that unless and until the scientists have caught up with the problem, effective control to ensure that there are no “‘out- prspace tests’’-is at the moment equally impracticable.

The British and American Gov- ernments ho'd the view that it would be quite wrong to sign an azreement stopping tests which lid not in fact provide sufficient tontrol to give everyone a reas- onable assurance that the agree ment was being fully observed. They are not asking the’ Rus- sians to accept more then they would accept themselves.

A ban on atmospheric tests would have many advantages. It would be a beginning. It would give experience of co-operation in the working of a control system —which could be useful in other than the nuclear test field. And it would reduce to a minimum, though it might not entirely re- move, all those horrible dangers whieh may come from the pollu- tion of the air by radio-active “fall out”.

Given the inescapable facts it does seem to me a reasonable and sensible suggestion. And though the first signs were ra- ther ominous, I cannot bring my- self to believe that the Soviet Gow-

ernment will reject it out of hand.

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OUR YESTERDAYS (From the Guardian Files)

Dr. P.A. Creelman, Medical Superintendent of the Provincial Sanatorium, was elected presi- dent of the Gyro Club of Ohar- lottetown for the coming year at the annual meeting held at the Canadien National Hotel tast

Mr. L.A. MacDougall was elect- éd president of the Ministure Rif- le Association at the annual mecting held last evening at the Drill Shed. Mr. Ralph Jenkins was named s¢€cretary and Mr. Kelsie Burhoe, was elected treas- urer. The exccutive includes Wil- liam Seaman, Dovzlas Mayne and Everett Ferguson.

TEN YEARS AGO (April 23, 1949)

Plan to have a contingent 32 First Class Scouts represent P.E. I. at the First Canadian Jamboree to be held near Ottawa, July 16 to 24 were announced yesterday following a meeting of the Pro- vincial Council. The Scouts will assemble near Charlottetown for a few days pre-jamboree Camp where they will be broken down into patrols.

Mr. Earle Ings, first vicepres- ident of the Maritime Winter Fair and Mr. S.C. Wright, De- partment of Agriculture, will at- tend the meetings of the Mari- time Stock Breeders Association in Amherst, N.S. next week, It

ot Otiawa’s

parking place —St. Thomas Tim- esJournal

Nobody fools arourd in Sweden when it comes to the enforce- ment of the law which sars one cannot drive a motor vehicle. af- ter having an alcoholic drink. Suspected drivers must submit to blood tests. One who is found to have had, say, 0.96 of one per- cent of alcoholic concentration in his blood stream is fined $250 and loses his licence to drive for six

"| months. If the test shows a con-

eentration of 0.15 or more, the sentence is three months in a prison work camp and the loss of the driver's licence for on@ year.—Fort William Times-Jour- nal

The Age Old Story

But we all with unveiled face beholding in a mirror the glory of the Lerd. 1

Is expected the directors from the Island will be in attendance.

most inexpensive salesman you can

employ ---a GUARDIAN - - PATRIOT

WANT AD Phone 8506

MOORE & McLEOD LTD.

FEATURE “TOOKE” SPORT & DRESS SHIRTS TOOKE SPORT SHIRTS

@ Cabala Stripes

@ Panamora Cottons

@ Checks

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4 10 6% TOOKE DRESS SHIRTS

@ Short Point Mountbattan Collars

@ Available in White

@ White with White Fancy Stripe @® Clubman—3.95

} @ Flight 4.95

Ta

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WAY

we

@ Life 5.95

GORE +

DON'T BE “TOOK”—BUY “TOOKE”

on the Island it's

maze} es

. Auction Sale | : HOUSE FURNISHINGS At 18 West Street APRIL 28, 1959

I am instructed by Miss Amy Earle to sell at auc-

tion her entire house

man piano, number of antique items such as mahog-

consisting of Heintz-

any or walnut furniture, inlaid walnut table, steel en- gravings, beds, springs, mattresses, ornaments, dishes, and other articles.

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| ee peste cement: remem