“spars FOUR ._ . , G UARDIAN

. Inrnlng Dally tfuufldltl ll "u"? Qllllarlu-sl u rsevouu (‘hue Null. Milt 0m" [ea-patrimony Uttuwis.

Thin lulnud lluisrillun l-ulsllviltlnl W- Idltm and llunuluu "lttmlt- J I‘ ”"'"'"" Anew-lute Editor, Frank “other.

_"Th'e Strongest Memory is Weaker Than i the Weakest lnk."

,_BlLlABl..0'l"l‘E'l‘(IWN. "THURSDAY, FEB 24. ioso Favored Prairie Farmers

As an illustration of the Dominion Govern- meat’: bencficence to Prairie farmers under the P.F.A. Act, a parliamentary return l"_5l' mflfie ‘P’ veals that these western agriculturalists will re- ceive about $12,792,951 in "owcerv-uid-sletiv. ing" money to make up for drought, grasshop- pers a-nd floods which hit them in i948. _

Saskatchewan was the hardest hit, with 8S per cent of its $11,112,671 share to 44,600 farm- ers going to the western half. They were affected by bath drought and grasshoppers‘. Albertas draught damage largely was confined _to_ the eastern section with 7,930 farmers benefitting to the extent of $1,637,306 from the treasury. Only 354 Manitoba farmers will receive P. F. A. AC1’ payments for I948.» They Will collect $43,173. largely because of flood dama9e-

The only difference between the“ favored Prairie farmers and the unfavored Maritime fish- ermen in their respective circumstances. $01"- menls a-n exchange, is that losses are inflicted by the elements in a dissimilar way, in the one Instance by drought, floods or by the grasshop- per pest, in the other by storm-swept seas. lf damage by the elements is considered as com- pensatory by the federal authorities in the case of Prairie farmers, there is no valid reason why application of a parallel policy of indemnification for losses due to storms should not be extended Maritime fishermen.

Training in Democracy

With new party leaders in Parliament and on election in the offing, the present session pio- niises to be one-of the most lively and interesting in many years. _

An interesting experiment in democratic ac- ‘tion has been instituted in many centres by form- ing local Hansard Clubs, to follow what Parlia- ‘ merit is doing and keep in touch with their M. P.'s on subjects that interest them. v '

A number of such clubs are operating in different parts of the country already, the oldest one in the Hon. Brooke Claxtori's ri ing in Mon- treal, with his close cooperation. Mee ing at each other's homes in turn, the members also take turns acting as "Hansard reporter", making a brief digest of the main topics taken’ up in the Commons during the previous fortnight. After this has been read, the club, which includes peo- ple of several political persuasions, goes into a lively discussion of the issues, and ma-y end up by writing to the M. P. on its views. lf a good two-way contact has been established there may be a reply from the M. P. on a previous letter, to read to the club.

This procedure is recommended to our lo- cal political organizations as a first class method of keeping abreast of the times politica-llv,

Federal Alil To Education

The Toronto Globe and Mail supports the plea for Federal grants to education presented to the Dominion Government last week by the Canadian Teachers‘ Federation, but is not sure that a "straight per pupil grant" offers the best basis for such aid. This, the Toronto paper says is "a moot point." ' To a limited degree the grant per pupil would tend to equalize the educational outlay as between Ontario and, say, Prince’ Edward ls- land, but it would not bridge the great disparity now existing. Ontario, it might be argued, does not need the Federal money to the same extent as some of the Provinces less favored with in- dustrial productivity.

' Federal aid for education is by no means unprecedented, although not on the scale propos- ed by the Canadian Teachers’ Federation. There. Iiave been substantial grants for vocational edu- cation since 1919, paid by special agreement with the Provinces. At present, the ba-sic grant is $10,000 a year to each Province, plus ,$1,910,000 divided among the Provinces accord- ing to their population between fifteen and nine- tepn years of age. This contribution has to be matched by the Province. A further postwar grant of $10,000,000 for capital expendituks has also been made. This must be spent before March, 1952. In addition, grants for veterans’ training, apprenticeship, youth training, unemployed ci- viiion Frainlng, and other purposes are made by the Dominion. Bursaries for needy students in secondary and vocational schools, universities, teacher-training and other educational institu- tions are also supported by the Federal Govern- Itlifl

f. ‘ These Federal contributions, especially on the university level, amount to many millions on- ntmIIyQThe principle of Dominion aid has long been recognized, and might be pushed further with advantage. But it would be unwise for the federal authority‘ to assume any large part of if“ educational burden given the Provinces by "., British North America Act until the Domin- “fell-Provincial Conference on Finance has been fpcefivened, and has reached satisfactory and ' pbrmanent arrangements. Withabolanced and democratically accepted ‘allocation of the tax Wield‘! to the Dominion, Provinces and municipali- cmany of our difficulties would be substan- . lessened. . Educational taxation on the local level is tlleffolivtr-ef exhaustion. Most Provincial sub- ' 1m» increased, but manifold other put a limit to what may be done, es- h1 tllI less-favored Provinces. The Can- '_ '1 Federation, and other bodies , v the same line,’ should recognize “fhl jrature of the problem they are dig” be dealt with on the fundament-

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./ EDITORIAL NUlliSf.

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Farmers’ Week. r g

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The Legislature Jerome: Feast of St. Mrithigs. ‘

Boy Scouts and Girl Guides Baden Powell activities continue. . I

Margarine without the colouring of butter will tend to go down in price with a correspond- ing- advantage to the hgrd ‘pushed h-‘IIIWWIIQ-

Charles Grant Blairfindie Allen, Canadian scientist and man of letters, known as Grant Allen, born this date i848, his bicentury being celebrated in British literary circles this year. He wrote The Evolution at Large, Evolution 0f the Idea of God, The Woman Who Did, and numer-

ous other novels. ‘I

The matter of delegating government au- thority and responsibilities to crown compan- ies is clothed in someobscurity. Perhaps as Seno- tor John T. Haig said of runiiipg the Bank 0f Canada, "There's nothing to if , and anybody could run them, but it seems more ilikely that ability will still be at a premium.

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Solon Low (P.C.)TM.'P. declared in the House that on a recent visit to England he was served with breakfast food which tasted like oatmeal and sand, and tha't though he had previous exl-I perienced eating haggis "this was much worse. He was immed-iately called to order by Deputy Speaker Ross Macdonald, who felt he had a right to resent the reflection on the national dish of his forbears.‘ _

Commander Stephen King-l-lall, founder of Britain's Hansard Society, is visiting this coun- try in the interest of the Canadian Hansard So- ciety, organized last year. Canadians have not taken to reading Hansard, only some 12,000 cop- ies are printed daily, but with the growth of groups interested in education and public af- fairs that situation could rapidly change.

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The Montreal Gazette reports Mr. George Drew as expressing deep concern over Transport Minister Chevrier’s statement that Gander air- port must conform with Canadian air policy. The unfortunate result of such a stand will be to prevent planes of other countries from picking up or landing ,. ssengers or cargo at that air- port. The international traffic of Gander will be one with Maritime pro-confederation shipping.

Agricultural Minister Gardiner notwithstand- ing, Free Trade by Canado is not a panacea for all our trading drawbacks. There must be similar policies by the other countries too, as he adm-its. The trouble in I930, and previously, was Canada was giving access to foreign imports while the U.S.A. and European countries were taxing or prohibiting ours. This is what made Prime Minis- ter Bennett enunciate a policy of "Hoisting our way" into foreign markets, leading to the Ot- tawa Conference, and the subsequent tariffs which prepared the way for Canada's prosperity when the Liberals came into power.

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The reference in the Speech from the Throne to "the birth of a Prince who is Heir Apparent" is erroneous. According to the ErrLyClOPGEdlO Britannica, an Heir Apparent is one "whose right of inheritance is indefeasible: e. 9., an eldest or only son." "lndefeasible" is a law term signify- ing "incapable of being defeated, set aside, or made void." An Heir Presumptive is one "who is next in succession, but whose right is defensible by the birth of a nearer heir." The last Heir Ap- parent to the British Throne was the Prince of Wales, n-ow Duke of Windsor. The Princess Elizabeth is Heir Presumptive, and her son Prince Charles is Second-in-line Heir Presumptive.

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Hon. Mr. Gardiner claims that protection leads to war. For argument, granted that is so, how are we going to compel highly pratectionists to abandon their way without resorting to repris- ails? The next war will be fought largely in the air, how can we do so without oil? Control of the oil fields today lies in the hands almost ex- clusively of Britain, U. S. A., Canada and Rus- sia. Should the Soviet control of the East ex- pand ot the rate it is now doing, both Britain and the U. S. A. will be shut out of the Eastern cil supply, and what are these two dominant na- tions going to do about it-sit idly by and let Russia swoof the pool? Grandiose declarations like those of Mr. Gardiner sound fine in the ears of the unthinking, but it is another story whdn the enemy is at our door as was the case in 1939 before the Mackenzie King government would grant the R. A. F.‘ permission to train in Canada. i

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A group of Britain's 1949 babies, though they don't know it yet, will be guineapigs in what may prove to be one of the world's most important experiments hi child care. They will be shadowed from the day nursery until they leave school and every step in their development will be, noted and filed. United Kingdom psychol- ogists, education experts, teachers and doctors will follow them in their homes, schools and youth clubs, watching their habits, mental out- look, growth and development. They will study what matters in a child's life, what causes the impressions and creates the problems — what, in fact, happens to the normal child. Their re- search will form the basis for a report which might well effect child care all over the world. The experts will work at a world training cen- tre forithe care of children which has been es- tablished at Bloomsbury, London, bythe Insti- tute of Child Health and Education. First con- tact with the children will be made at a resi- dential nursery. Later when the children are sent to local schools, the experttywill follow them. A dossier of every child who com-es within the

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survey will be kept. ,This is the first complete long-term project of its kind iil Britain.

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._ _ _;.. ...e_ rue; __CMQARDIAN, Slflgimqrgrigrowisi

WE ARE NOT

xmovr cerium imam imdckmo nus esreeusiimeur-vurren ALL,

SOLICITING

YOUR PATRONAGE/

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w... mo.» ----:~;.-,_-.--u‘su_n-

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He was surprised that there was no reference 1n the Speech to the $30,000,000 Federal health and wcl- fare grants, in which this Pro- vince is rrzarlng. He warmly com- mended the purpose of these grants. and also tlie attention given to his work by the Provincial Health and Welfare Minister. Mr. Mathe- sori. He referred to his recent visit to Ottawa, where he has sat in at a joint Dominion Provincial meet- ing on this subject.

Trans-Canada Highway

With regard to the National Highway, lie did not iliirik this schemcnvould malerlalise until the Dominion election. “If it comes it will come as on election dodge. just llfe same as there will be a reduction in income faxes before the Federal House rises! ‘Ifhat will be ihelr only hope in the election: but it is not going to save them."

He noted from the Public Ac- counts that the Government ob- falned $80,000 from Ottawa for damages incurred in wartime on the Western Road. Part of this road, however. 1s bad again. l-Ie lnsfanced other evidences of deter- ioration in some sections.

Dr. lifpchflllisn commended ilie building of the Government re- frigeration plant, which he lributed to the work of Mr. John P‘. Connolly, who had also managed Maple Hills and purchased the Beach Grove Inn at a ‘very Profit- able bargain for ll‘o Government. He complained, however, that Mr. Connolly was still being employed at a clerk's Wages. offer he lied been promised a. Deputy Minister- ship.’

Premier Jones: "Oli no."

Dr. MacMfllan: "I consider that a. man who has done such gmd work should be properly treated. His reward has not even been the completion of the promise which took him lma the Department."

The proper solution at Borden. D-r. MacMlllan believed, was two piers so that both ferries could operate at the same time.

ifs failure f0 include any ygfqrem-e to rural electrification in the SDPEIII from ilie Throne. What had become of all their ambitious schemes and promises?

Mr. Phillip Mafheson: "Gone with the wind." Dr. MacMlllan noted that. an

order ln council liud been passed a flew days ago, extending the ltigli tension line West. How far ls it going?" he asked.

Premier Jones: ‘We want to get the elevator and hospital at Al- berton working."

Dr. MacMillan: "Very well; you and I see eye to eye on that."

The Opposition leader stressed. among other things, the Impart- ance of the tburlsf industry. end commended the loan for construct- ion of tourist cabins.

Newfoundland’: Entry

Dr. MacMlllan expressed doubt vhf-flier Newfoundland! entry into Confederation would benefit this Province. He wondered what added Newfoundland competition would mean to P. E. I. fishermen. who could not find proper market; now,

He termed present grants under the Dominion - Pmvlnclel agree- men! inadequate. and slid there was need of another lnter-Provm. ofal conference. He backed the stand of Mr. Drew. Conservative national leader, that ft we: un. constitutional to change ire B. N, A. Act without consulting the Provinces.

He agreed with the Government's policy in joining with other pro- vlnceii in opposing the freight rates increases. More co-operetlon be- tween ire threafllterltlrne Provinces. he emphasised. we: eedea to give Them a squue deal.

In referring to international sf- fofrs Dr. Meowllrin commended Norway for defying the "Russian monster" and deciding to loin the

proposed North Atlantic leouxlty

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Ho scored the Government on,

Communist leader, for his attack on the Pope and sold the Catholic church was only defending itself against "the devils behind the iron curtain" who wanted to destroy Christianity.

llIIllllliES PREMIER

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but he knew it afterwards, and iie had no intention of correcting it.

"Instead of the over-expenditure of $480,000 in my department which he alleged. the accounts shoived an increase of $34,000: and with the information now evellflblc in the Public Aocnunts l: appears that the department “TY-IPFQXPQHGI-td in the vicinity of $20,000."

Full Statistics Needed

Mr. Hughes went on to discuss the negotiation of the tax agree- ment at. Ottawa, lri which he took a prominent part. as Provincial Treasurer. ‘Iibe expenditure of some flVn or six hundred dollars in travelling expenses during May to December. I946, resulted ln an increase of $200,000 to the Province last. year, and in the current year of over 8700.000. he said.

I-le slronglv emphasized the need of getting proper statistics ready for the next Ottawa conference, before the present agreement ex- pines.

He lndorsed the Premier's stale- ment. that. the Quebec and Ontario Pmmlers had been responsible for "ditching" the last. conference be- fori- its work was completed.

I-Ie cited figures to show the ccrnoaretlvelv low per gggifg earnlnvs in this Province, and the impossibility of trylriw f0 keep un Wlill lhe Wepll-‘iler Provlnces li". rducallon, health and other scr- vlrrr.

The essential need. he cmphas. lred. was lo evolve some method of 1811 assessment bearing closer re- lation lo ner caplta income in each Province.

The Greatest lie-Operative

iCanedian Life Insurance Officers Association)

Life insurance companies are sometimes looked upon as the Sl-Foflkholde of the aociunulatloiis of the rloh. Such a vlew com- Plllely overlooks the co-operetive nature of llfe insurance.

The funds of the llfe insistence oompanles are made up of u” Blvlflas of thrifty persons in every walk of llfe W-llO represent a com- plete cross-section of the entire nation.

The» ravines Provide u backlog, in may cases trio only bwiaoe. of Protection and security for the in. dlvfdual policyholder and his d5. pendenis. ' -

515168-11)’. llfe insurance ts the banding together of large 7mm. b5" 03 NOD10 who are thus able to protect themselves against the uncertainties of llfe-an end whim lher oouia not. ordinarily 50.19111. pltsh individually.

nouns: GOLDEN winning

SAN GABRIEL, Calif, Feb. 21 — (AP) - Fifty years ago there we: e double wedding tn Vlnton, Iowa.

Verne Spence took for hllbrlde Nettle Oulp. ‘Theodore Culp, b". the: of Nettle, was men-led u, 14. May, close friend of both families. The two couples-now Californians — had a double golden wedding celebration yesterday. Verne. '18. and Nettle, d8, live in 3mg", Theodore. 7B, and Idl, ‘If, IIVQ negr- by at San Gabriel.

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“INT. Wllu - f0") - mint. shire .eounty council l: to give £1,000 (H.320) forward the out of 00111711113 a new Welsh biograph- lclt dictionary.

Pact. He censured Togllettl. Italian; '

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‘HWG-JWOO}! PUBLIC FORUM

This column f: open to the discussion by ourreupondente of questions of Interact. The Guardian doee not neoeeau- fly end the opinion of correspondents.

TREATMENT OF “TVITNESSES"

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Slr—"Concerried’s" letter in yel- terdayk issue of The Guatdlan in- terested me very much, and since "Concerned". uccordlngwo his own admission, knows little about The Jehovah's Witnesses‘ I would like to pass on this information.

1 have before me a copy of The Montreal Standard. In it. are pic- tures fakcn of the time of the lllnrlan Congress held at Ottawa in 1947. 1n those pictures appear a group of individuals carrying signs. They may hr: clvll people. They may not be forcing anyone to accept their beliefs. But they are Jehovahe Witnesses‘ and the signs they are carrying very clearly indicate their purpose. One of their leaders also hoped it would rain, and thus spoil the outdoor ceremonies that were to be lield. Perhaps "Concerned" may realize that. that is what he termed a Modern Light Brigade had ln mind when they mobbed the four "Witnesses" and ran them out. of Edmundslon, N. B.

I em. Sir, etc. MERONICA J. Georgetown Feb. 22.

(if) NOT T00 NEAR

Go not too near a house of rose, The depred-atlon of a breeze

Or inundation of a dew

Alarm‘ its walls away;

Nor fry to tlo the butterfly; Nor climb the bars of ecsf/asy. In insecurlly to lie

Is joy‘: insuring qualify.

—Emlly Dickinson.

L>GWQQ>Q Old Charlottetown (And r. e. u

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EARLY MALPEQUE

In 1728 the first French eetfle- moat at Malpeque was made, when John Lambert and Charles and Peter Arsenault with their families come from Acadia t0 build new homes for themselves in the forest that extended to the very water's 9118c. Probably the earlielt de- scription of this locality was pen- ned by Plcfori of Marseilles, Sec- retary to the Governor of boule- Pours. as in 1752 ha called around the Island to report on if: har- bours and navigable rivers. The following translation l| from hll journal: ,

"From Reelco (Rultlcu) we let "11 1°!‘ Mfllllec where we arrived "l" Qvflllhl. after having enjoyed oqarolpect of a charming coast. But we were greatly lricomooded with merlniolno or Knots. whole eflnga are more pungent here than l" on? other part of the country. They bite with ouch venom and fury that persons not ecculton-ie’ to their Insolence are apt to lose all patience. The harbor. of Melpec ll WW convenient for the cod- flshery-nature having formed eav- eral small Islands u well n su-iinde adapted for drying. arid besides there Il n brisk ltierp alt- proper for the purpose. The land: adje- cent to the harbour of Melpec are the best of the whole Island of 8t. John. The banks of the rivers are covered with ell sorts of’ beautiful trace. Between this and the her- bour of Cuchecempec fr e lnrlb grove of cedars about three ‘

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