DOUGLAS LABsdl:Nt NEitNSGi;gNCoE"('r1l,d'ai1mii- WAS? the rug for Princess Mar- ud Prince Olav of Norway "'3 ”"P,e,1de,.g of France is fill! :.',.,f.'leine same routine as roillnl

133'

out for wealthy l'""- Fm”

( om Fargo. rvou shine UP

all the silver. alert

NORil'AY'S CROWN PRINCE AND PRINCESS: i They drcss'u-p for

E 5. - g, .. .,.-..-....... ..--- ---G---v -- - - f -

capital Prepares for VIP Visitors 1;... way You Siiliia lip for Iiicli Aunt

i also made a big hit with most of the bigwigs in Washington and elsewhere and they got a fat agenda of parties-as a result. It included a White House luncheon at Blair House. scores of cocktail parties and two big receptions at the embassy. . .

The business of visiting firemen

me npighhnrs and brace yourself to adjust to their idiosyncrasies. For a couple of weeks before. of course. you sort of take it easy on the entertaining to get the body and pocketbook in shape for the rigors of the visit.

My izoslll Of course you want them to come. But. well . . . you know now it is. No. matter how my (lipy are to get along with ilicrc's bound to be a little strain around tho edges.

” The visit of the Norwegian Prince rind Princess, although sirirtiy unofficial. has, been an event of major importance on the Wnshinszion social front. And it was anticipated with great plea- sure by tile dean of the Capital's diplnmnis. Norway's Ambassador iihihrim dc Morgenfiierne.

. .

Xevertheless there are reports of that strain.

getting up at a fantastically early hour seems to be a chronic head- ache tor Washington. It took weeks for the Brazilian diplomats here to catch up on their sleep after the visit of President Dutra. who was out of the sack of six. Same at the Indian embassy when Nehru came to town.

It has the French staff here concerned. too. They have the most notorious early-riser of them all coming for a visit late this winter. the President of France. Vincent Aurioi. He attributed his success to a formlua of pre-dawn rising. He has always done all of his business between six and nine in the morning. "so people don't bother me." he explains.

He can be pretty sure that no- body much is going to hothcr him around the French embassy, or ln all of Washington for that m-.ii- ter. between six' and nine in the morning. unless the footsteps of

For instance. it's said that the

4 I

, ambassador and his wife MW succumbed to the Washington ha- bit of late rising and a breakfast my in bed. That's out for the duration of the visit. The Prince and Princess are rigid followers of ills Noi-wegiiin tradition of aris- ing with tlv dawn and showing up at the dining room for breakfast decked out as if it were a state reception.

Also. it has been noted. "10 N01'W98iiin embassy has pulled in its horns recently in the enter- tainment department. apparently Wins in shape for the visit.

The royal Norse couple hasn't been hero since 1939. when Prin- "H Martha made a big hit with

l-"RANCl-TS PRESIDENT AURIOL AND WIFE: The French embassy is saving its champagne and catchinl l-Ii! On ll”?-

'1 l is 'i

it”

President Truman taking his early morning stroll disturb him.

For tour rrbnths before Prel- ldem Dutra of Brazil arrived. the embassy champagne ration was cut off in order to build up stocks for Presidential receptions. Same is true at the French embassy for Aurlol's visit. they say. The French are nmorll the belt 9,"""' talners in inecigarltatrgndogl M3

on . - leasfsuewhglivpths French President arrives it'll be a 000910 of P931 lollapaloozas. Plans are already being worked out with the State Department. The visit is official and the town win probably so "11 out for the little ex-newspIP99-

the late President Roosevelt. She

man from Strasbourg-

Liixurious Fabrics For Eiegaiitilicrnials

-1..

lltilxury materials are now fins)- 7 re-established in their place for ;"Mns wear in rmiion. and llloll b:&rics as duchess setin. richly sm- mtdld brocade, shndod tulle. and W” thread rayon. satin are being 1 WV widely. Nearly all these N b are used for dress with wide , I "lawns skirts with more than

"Csestion of crinoliris influence. Lohllmon "'0 ghe gowns which the

tout e do superbly and or look at their best on import- Wwiona. but aim is no doubt the new line which moulds ""9 to the nails and than

frhuwt Into wide flounoes to the

.Illl

cascade of .33?”-tliieinr rm hack to herb an.” um uzfaotlvha iboss talked of

Tfsoroas

' or his earlier .lovsa --the finely M Eleatid chiffon dreu which he

thick enough to tailor.-

W.C.T.U. NOTES

Continued from page 9

Booth, who knew more about it and could say it better than we can. speak hsre:-

.-Impxlcsting drink has drained more' blood. buns more crepe. Bold more homes. plunged more people into bankruptcy. armed more Ml- lians, slain morg children. snapped more wedding ringl. defiled more innocence. blinded more eyes, twisted” more limbs, dethroned more reason. wrecked more - hood, dishonored more w - hood. broken more hearts. b tad more lives. driven more to suicide. and dug more graves than any other poisoned scmn-gs thst over swept its death dealing waves ths world."

.................................... lnsn Bartnsss has returned to one

sndlesas though the . fabric in Another of

Civil llcfence Outlined in Rotary Address

An important address on civil de- fense was given at the Charlotte- town Rotary Club luncheon yester- day. the speaker being Lieut Coi- onel P. S. Fielding, Deputy Minis- ter of I-lea1ii.ll and Welfare. Rotar- lans Dr.. Harold Shaw and illldwln Johnstone presided It the largely -” d 5 ” ., Mr. W. N. Black was present as a guest.

Following is the text of Col. Fie1ding's address:

Clvll dedence comprises all mea- sures other than active defence, taken to minimize the effects of enemy attack upon the civil popu- lation. It includes the organisation od the nation so that people can maintain their will to win. irldiratry

can ” - ;.--

THE GUARDIAN. CHARLOTTETOWN

Programme

(1) Mutual aid plans.

(iz) .- otection of provincial ser- vices against sabotage. y

(b) Provision of legal authority where needs ,7. i

Each municipal or community with more than 10,000 population should conaide if it should not as a minimum measure have at least it plan and skeleton organiz- ation to deal with C. D. or peace time disaster. '

P. E. I. To Date (1) A Minister. had been ap- F (2) Apubllc servant has been sent

to Camp Borden to study and learn details of technical information

public services can function and the government can govern. During two World Wars there was never any great strain. upon the Canadians will to win; industry certainly continued production. quito profitably. there was little curtailment of the public services

. a.rid our ten governments continued

to fulfill their functions and their 'duties. of course the threat of enemy attack on the civil populat- ion was but remotely considered. at least by the civil population. and consequently civil d ' measures were negligible. What will be the World War Three? Following a three weelrs' course with the Army in October last. when we studied what are known as "special weapons", or A 30 Will'- fare, the 8 civilians of whom I was cne, came away with the idea that our prlrnary duty was to preach C. D. at every opportunity in order to impress on our people the need and the urgency of some immediate action in this regard. We knew that at Ottawa there had been appoint- cd. responsible to Minister of Na- tional Defe , n Coxardlnatur of C. I), who had a staff of two as- slstants with some clerical help. We know that in August last a. short omlnion Provincial Conference on C.D. had been held. shrouded in sec- recy. We knew that a Civil Defence Co-Ordinatlng Committee. compos- ed of representatives of the Depart- ments of Federal Government con- cerned hiid been set up. on paper at least. We knew that the Press was beginning to show a mild and vari- ed interest. We all knew about these things.

New C. D. Msnusl

situation in

.i

On the last day of our course a member of the Co-Ordinstor'a staff visited us and spoke about the plans prepared, or suggested for approval. by'his office. They in- eluded the publication and distri- bution of a book or pamphlet deal- lng with this subject. There was apparently some delay in obtaining 3 release of the manuscript. How'- cver we received it with notice of its release last Thursday. This is it.

This book is called Manual No. 1. which suggest that more may fol- low as the exigencies of the situat- ion require. The preface to the book says "rhe purpose of this manual is to assist provincial and munici- pal authorities in planning and organising for C. D.".

It is not my purpose to attempt to analyse or explain this Manual which should very shortly be avail- able to every one of you, and which is so concisely and clearly written. other than to quote the fcllowing sentences from Part I - the "ob- jeotives of C. D." "Defenc! is the business of everyone"; "while the day of inter-oon-tinenial mimics or long range pilotless ala-craft may still be some years distant. there can be no doubt that the only po- tcntiai aggressor could reach North America by aircraft or submarine.

"Moreover, tillers is no way of rendering a continent of this size imipregnable against attacks. De- fence planning involves a calcu- ation of risks. An enemy likely to attack Canada would at the same time would be involved in g world wide struggle in which his avail- able forces would be simultaneous- ly engaged in many places.

"Because of this it is not likely that Canada would be regarded as the immediate target for an all-out effort. It is probable that in the next few years attacks on us would not be on a scale sufficient to en- able an" enemy to seize and hold territory as part of a msjor of- fensive. The main object would be to panic the people of the U. S. A. and Canada into putting more of their resources into home defence than the military risks warrant.

"At present no potential enemy is believed to have the aircraft or s stockpile of A Bombs sufficient to permit a series of saturation raids on North America. nor do we ap- pear to have many targets that would appear to justify the employ- ment of an A Bomb". '

Stage! of O. D.

These are considerations to be taken into account in ”' , what part of the defence effort should go into civil defence.

This Manual goes on to outline the several stages of C. D. 1. Planning: 2. Organization: 3. Actu- al defensive or precautionary. mea- sures men as stren enlng build- ings; 4. Provision o warning aya- tema: ll. Fire fighting: 6. First Aid, hospitalization. evacuation: .7. Re-

atcrstion of services; ii. Trsinlngr.

and deals with each separately.

A chapter dasls with the lessons drawn from recent natural disas- ters in this Country-The Manitoba and British Columbia floods. the luniouskl and Cebano fires.

It. deals with the distribution of duties on Dominion Provincial and Municipal levels. The role of the Province is accepted as:

(s) The sppoiritrnent of a Mini- ster to be responsible for C. D. and. according to requirements the s - pointniont of other C. D. officis .

(ii) 1b orraniss inualcipaiiues in their C. D. roles. ,

is) The co-ordination of ser-

thll dressinakex-'a successes is the

it ” "'i'"-i5i1ns to us that Nor-

sstin debutsnio dress embroidered with bioderie anglaisgi

vices -within the province. (d) The provision of information. (o) Training.

now being taught service person- nel in connection with special weapons. This in order to obtain a background of information which might be useful inwarrylng out any program in which we might later become involved.

(3) A resources survey is being conducted. preliminary to setting up thenecesmry organization to carry out the role already mention-

The points being considered in this survey are as follows: (a) Fire fighting appliances; (in) Camialty and hospital accomodation; (c) Welfare-rest, camps and collect- ing points; (2) Routes; (f) Trans- portation; (g) Shelters; (h) Com- munications; (l) Control centres.

It, may be presumed organization will follow completion of this sur- vey and a study of its report.

At present four terms are con- sldered.

(a) A target area. i.e. s cen-tre or centres liable to attack.

(b) A cushion area-that area immediately surrounding a target city which will provide mutual aid. It may extend 50 miles from the target area. ,-

(c) A C.D. zone which comprises I target area and its cushion areas.

(d) Areception area. That area outside a zone molbilized to receive and assist refugees. evacuees and cafuaities-very probaibiy our first ro e.

special Weapons

May I now speak briefly on the special weapons which I studied for three weeks in October: Atomic; Biological or bacterial; Chemical Warfare.

Much has been said and written about the atomic bomb since the first one was exploded on July loih. 1945. Eight more have been exploded to date-the last in Rus- sia. Many of the absurd ideas have been dissipated. For example it is now known that it has no effect on normal sex life; that no race of monste s w-ill follow it and the chances of a deformed being re- sulting directly from an atomic ex- plosion may be one in every 5000 years. But these and similar fan- tastic taies are being broadcast by enemy propsgandlsts. The effects of an atomic explosion are: Real; Blast; Radio Activity.

Proibaably the greatest effect is from a burst about 2000 feet above the target alt-hough A Borribs may be, exploded on the ground spd un- dcr the water.

The heat radiation is of short duration but is of sufficient temp- erature to raise inffsmoble materi- als to the ignition point thus crest- ing a fire hazard.

Blast is similar to that of an ordi- nary TNT bomb but vastly more powerful. with a resulting more powerful demolishing effect.

Radiation causes breakdown of some body cells.

From observations differ the Ja- pan explosions it was noted im- mediate deaths were from flash and flmie (5017) and secondary mcchnncial injury due to blast 5096 Only limp of over all casualties were due to radiation.

apiaoiaio Disease.

No well authenticated instance of deliberate use of disease germs as a weapon is know. but I strong probability of such use by potenti- al enemies exists. - .

The important part played by epidemic disease of natural occur- ance in all recorded conflicts leads to the belief that a ruthless and clever enemy might well develop iihis weapon.

(a) In the Crimean War in the British forces there occurred 1.000 deaths from disease to 50 battle

deaths.

(b) At the Siege of Ladysmith in 2 years there were 35 deaths from Anny shelling. .3,000 deaths due to typhoid.

Disease weapons could be used sgiilnu (I) troops (b) civilian centres (cl usefui- animals (d) cusps. The last two would ippesr to be the most natural target of the future in this country. and could be stacked by aircraft or sabotcu . Of course special condit- ions would be requiyed or the use of this weapon and uch care would be needed to prevent an epi- demic backfiring on an attackers own troops or country. However this is a form of warfare requiring coriside ” study and one that should and need not be left to the military student.

chemical warfare

Chemical warfare employs the use of a war gas-any agent (liquid. ynpour or droplet) which reduces an enemy's fighting efficiency by its polslonoua, irritating or blister- ing effects. The concept of a

hanlcsl wapon is very old-oorn- mcnclug in the blah century 3. C. Fifty years ago its potentialities" were appreciated and in 1008 the Geneva Convention banned its use.

In 1018 the Germans used it. For-

some weeks before the Allies hsd intelligence of the project but took no action-l5.000 casualties (5.000- fsisl) resulted and had the Ger- mans exploited their great success they could have driven througn to the Channel ports and the outcome of ihe war would have been Entire- ly dlfifcrent.

In ms the Germans could pro- duce 1.000 tons a month of s new and deadly gas which they had discovered and onlrihs fear of re-

fsr behind. For the second time failure to exploit changed the whole result of a major war. I, mentioned these two cases to sug- i gest to you-can we hope always, to be so fortunate.

These new gases are called nerve gases or G agents and were , discovered in 1935 by a German I Chemist-Schrsclcr who was seek-1 ing e-Micient insecticides. Some of- Schradcr's assistants fell into that hand: of the Russians and there is . reason to believe that they havs' gone far in the dc. 'opmentt of the i new agents

Thue nerve gases are charac- terized by producing rwpidly fatal effects on the body in extrcmciyi small quantities through their sct- i ion on nerve junctions and endings. I They produce rapidly, visual dis- turbances. respiratory restrictions, convulsions. paralysis and death ' They are almost completely colour- I less, odourless and tasteless and i may be produced as persistent. liquid or s vodntile gas. Their pene- ; tratlng qualities are interesting.

Ordinary clothing - l to 2 min- utes; K. D. - less than 1 minute.

Anti gas capes - 5 to 10 minutes.

Leather boots -'very rapidly.

Heavy rubber boots - app matcly 1 hour.

Wood - absorbs very rapidly.

They may enter the body by ab- sorption through external surfaces: Inhala-tion; Ingestion; Penetration of open wounds. i

Passage through unibroken skint takes one minute or less - through - the eye still less time. One breath of a moderately intense concentrat- ion of vapour is sufficient to cause death and by mouth a drop or two can be fatal.

There are of course partial anti-

otes already - but regardless of geography, population, time and distance, do you not agree that civilization has progressed to the point where we can no longer wait until attacked to protect ourselves but should take immediate steps for the safety of our children our

1 ,.

sacred.

WEST ROYALTY W. I.

The annual meeting of the West Royalty Wornens' Institute held at the home of Mrs. Alfred Webster, Mirs. Fred Gates occupied the chair and Mrs. Wilbur Tralrior acted as secretary.

Minutes of the last monthly and annual meetings were read and adopted. The treasurer read the annual report, showing a balance of 868.25 on hand.

Mrs. Conner.-1 and Mrs. Beck were elected as the new school committee. Mrs. Bell, Mrs. Burke, Miss Powley and Mrs. Tirsinor to visit the sick.

Mrs. Eric Hurry. Mrs. Hurry, Mrs. Enman and Mrs. Johnson on lunch comnutuee for next meeting which will be held at the home of Mrs. Wilbur Trainor on Dec. 8th.

A plaque to be erected in the new school in memory of the boys

Charles

homeland and all things we hold'

was p

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81.75 - 84-00 82.35 38.25 31.15 89.00 32.30

S. A.

MCDONALD

overseas, was chosen. to decide inscription. Card parties will be held in the school during the next month. Fourteen members were present and four new members joined the W. I. ranks. Members will please answer roll call at next meeting with a diaper which will be sent overseas to countries in need.

Election of officers for cmning year as follows:- President-Mrs. Willard Lank.

who made the supreme sacrifice

Vice President - Mrs. Vernon

Mrs. Gates Burke. v

MONUMENTAL DAM

The Hoover dam completed in 1936 on the Colorado River is 728 feet high. containing , 3,245.0!!! cubic yards of concrete.

secretary-Mrs. John England.

Treasuirer-Miss Elizabeth Pow- ley.

Counclllers-Mrs. Irwin Mlllar. Mrs. Russel Bell. Mrs. Alfred Web-

ster. WET" Auditors - Mrs. 'ni-ainor. Mrs. SMALL COM1"Qll'l' Younker. -- i MOOSE JAW. Sask. .. ice) -