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“.50

THE 1922 CRISIS

Mr. Mackenzie King has a gen- lus for garbling history. Addressing a ‘Quebec audience the other day he boasted that his own action as Prime Minister in 1922. “in refus- ing to commit Canada to a con- flict with the Turks." had averted gteps which might have led to war.

What was the issue raised by the Near East crisis of 1922, which Mr.

Kingsays was no concern of Can- Tttda and which his pacifist policy

had “averted"? To Great Britain

it. involved the question of free- dom of commerce and navigation through the Dardanelles. It con- __gerried her power and pratige in the East, her trade and financial interests, the “Pax Britannicum" in

India and Egypt, Palestine and

Mesopotamia, her relations with

countries such as Afghanistan and

Persia, her strenuous task of hold-

ing Soviet Russia within bounds in

the Orient.

To Canada (says the Canadian

Annual Review of 1922) the situa- tion was important because of its place in the Empire, because of its signature to the Treaty of Sevres, because of its National association with India. The whole Near East problem of the year touched 1L: foreign as well as its empire re- lationships; just as many of the International relations olsrytouehed Empire interests. The historic deep- water channel called in plrt the Dardanellcs, in part the Sea of Marmora. and in part the Bos- phorus, was the sea-road from the Mediterranean iniothe Black Sea which washed the Turkish, Rus- ‘sian, Bulgarian and Roumanian shores. These Straits in more pros- perous times were, and would be again, the Eastern gateway cf the Mediterranean and the exit for the wheat of the Ukraine, the oil o! the Caucasus, the metals of the Urals and the hides and timber of Siberia; they were the pathway to the hinterlands of Asia and the key to much or the commerce and pow- er of that Continent; there was, also, at stake their vital effect upon the control and passage of British commerce and shipping through the Suez Canal to the Indian Em- pire.

Whether in peace or war, the whole world was concerned in the Straits and ln Constantinople as the padlock of the gate. An alfil ance between the Russian and the Turk, without guarantees, meant dominance of the former in the Black sea. and its holding of that key to the East which British pol- icy and imperative interests for a century had declared it could not have. Standing as she did at this juncture for freedom of commerce and shipping in the Dardanelles, Britain stood for the worlds in- terests and. alto, for the policy of the United States-though not with American backing. The Turks‘ claimed complete sovereignity anri power over the Dardanelles. Back ofKemal in his triumphal march over the Greeks and advance from Asia Minor towa Constantinople was the unret of the Moslem world —-trouble in Spanish Morocco, in French Algezia, in Italian Libya. in British Egypt, in French Syria, in British Palestine, in Arabia, in Persia, in Central Asia. Was Bri- tain to face this “situation alone, or would she have the support of her Allies, France and Italy, her Empire Dominions, hernatural ally the United States? This was what the clever Turk, always a mwter It! disintegrating diplomacy, was

Fwitaily concerned in-as in one J other point. If Britain were left ~' alone in the matler would she fight?

din-Ill?" llq§<,,-..'

llmrbut, not in the way that Mr. Mackenzie King implies.

The publication o1 the British call to arms created a great eon- gation in Canada. Therewee no doubt (says the Canadian Annual Review) about the popular re- ln many centres through-

‘with an appeal for support to Bri- tiln. In Toronto the Rev. m. w. H. l-fincka (Methodist) sent the Premier a telegram declaring that an Empire's defense of Europe agaipartbe mu would be heart- ily responded to in Canada. llldthfl Board of Trinity Methodist church. Toronto: eent a similar despatch. The Dominion headquarters of the G.W.V.A. received telegram; from branches and individuals throughé out the country asking for Infor-

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Morning Dally (founded llfl) “.00 per yrnr (In ldvlneeJ dclireretl. It 7M! (In advance) lulled to Canada and United Illlll-

TUESDAY. SEPIEMBEE l0. 1935.

p, “pg-fruition. J. B. Burnett, I. J. l.

Walker. and D. Ii. Currie.

declared at Vancouver that "in‘ the event of the honour, security or prestige of the British Empire be- ing involved, Canada will do what she considers right and necessary to uphold our great traditions." Rt. Hon Arthur Meighen issued a for- mal statement pointing out that Canada was a party to the Treaty of Sevres and that Parliament had ratified the treaty. The attitude of Mr. Mackenzie King, then Prime Prime Minister, was that there “was practically no treaty of Sevres, that it never became operative and was no longer binding upon anyone." The press of Canada was varied in its comment but upon the whole was favorable toaction. The Tor- onto Globe (Llberal) was explicit: "Treaties solemnly signed on behalf of the Canadian people by duly ac- credited representatives," it said, “cannot be regarded as scraps of paper. If the Turk attacks Con- stantinople he wars against Can- ada."

As Mr. Meighen pointed out,there was no suggestion from Great Bri- tain that Canada should send a- force overseas. “What Britain sought was simply a. declaration of solidarity from the component parts of the Empire." General Smuts, then Prime Minister of South Afri- ca, voiced the same opinion. The British. Government had simply "asked the Dorninions-lhey did not invite them to do anything-whe- ther they wished to associate them- selves with Great Britain in case war broke out with Turkey, and there was nothing to this to which exception could be taken." ' Britain received loyal support from the Governments of the other Dominions, which apparently did share Mr. King's views about the worthlessness of treaties. Britain's demand was for a full guarantee of free navigation in the Dardan- elles for all countries under the League of Nations. “This British attitude,” says the Canadian An- nual Review, "and the continuous despatch of naval and military re- inforcements to the Near East; the strong position taken by General Harrington as to the lnviolabllity of the neutral zones; the obvious fact that in case of real war the Domin- ions were behind Britain, and the vigorous diplomacy of Lord Cur- zon, all helped to modify Turkish demands and made the projected Peace Conference at Lausanne a posfibility.“ On Dec. 29, 1922, the British fleet was order- ed back to the Dardanelles as a result of the abdication of the Sultan, the assumption (from An- gora) of the Government of Con- stantinople and the Kemalist order to the Allies to evacuate their posi- tion on the Straits. “But the Turks," says the Canadian Annual Review, “understood that Britain was in earnest and, whether alone or with Allies, was ready to face the issue; they talked but did not act." '

This is how the issue was settled, and not. as Mr. Mackenzie King falsely states, because of the action of Canada “in refusing to plunge into a conflict of which we knew nothing." 1g his pussy footing pol- icy at Ottawa had any effect at all. it was to strengthen Turkish as- surance and make Britains taskin maintaining world peace so much the harder.

A SWING TO BENNETT

Toronto Saturday Night, which, of late years, has evinced strong Liberal lecrningr, says:-

"The Alberta election resu1t,com- ing on the heels of the withdrawal of Mr. Stevens from the Conser- vative party, has remarkably lrn- proved Mr. Bennett's prospects in the coming elections in the Domin- ion. It has introduced a new ele- ment. in the shape of a rather sub- stantial menace of unsound cur- rency and credit theories, which might easily rally practically the whole of the ‘orthodoiv economic opinion of the country behind the Conservative leader.

"The Liberal party, unwiaely and unnecessarily as we think, took up a position on the central bank issue which enlbles Mr. Benndt to turn their flank and oust them from what looked a few weeks ago like a perfectly secure post in defence of ‘orthodox’ economics. They com- mitted themselves to the policy of public ownership of the central "avdfwedly to'the end of securing m the beak should be undervlfl audot ocuml u co roller by the o! an an. ‘nu con- mvntivq‘ not w van-elm. but y its ‘uitioafiu constituting file central DIM. "plldldiiteelf on

[declaring that “conditions show an

by the Government.

“The Alberta election, by arous- ing 1n the minds of voters all over Canada a strong sense of the risks involved in untried and unortho- dox monetary and credit policies, has quite possibly shifted the whole ground o; the federal con- test, to an arena in which the Con- servatives have vastly greater ad- vantages than they could have found anywhere else. They an the only advocates of a non-Govern- ment-controlled central bank. In advocating public ownership. of this institution the Liberals have lined t“ lves up with Mr. Stevens and lvlr. Woodsworth. It may have looked like a good idea at the time, but m. Abel-hart may have made it look diflerent.”

l EDITORIAL zvorcs

At Geneva it may be but the pitchy darkness before the dawn.

Safety is at a. premium when a public man in California must be accompanied, even in the legislat- ure, by a machine-gun squad.

Mr. Stevens has at least one wo- man candidate, -Mrs. Edward Ma- hon, former chairman of the Van- couver School Board, having been chosen federal candidate for the Reconstruction party in Vancouver Centre.

1t is good to have Premier Lea

improvement in the Island provmoe this year. and there is hope o! bet- ter markets." He forgot to add- "thanks to M1". Bennett."

In a comparatively short period Mr. Bennett has done more for bet- ter trade relations on f ir terms between this country and he Unit- ed States than Mr. King did all the time of his rrglme. Deeds, not words, count in this as in other matters. '

Imagination plays many tricks. Quite a sensation was created at Waskesirl. Sask., by a report that two solitary travellers had been at- tacked by a masked raider. The Mounted police were despatched to the scene, and discovered that the “masked raider" was merely a fruit grower out at dawn protecting his crop fznm marauders.

The members ‘of -the Trades Union Congress in annual session at Mar- ilille. ED818114, is not by any means either pacifist or communist. They refused to pass a resolution urging a united front against war and fas- cism. The propored resolution would have had the Congress rec- ognize that “powerful flnaricial in- terests are behind the two evils." The resolution also called on the International Federation of Trades Unions to join in an international meeting with communists to dis- cuss joint action.

It is intresting and enlightening to find that the export of canned fruits from Canada has increased marvellously since 1929, as shown by the Intelligence Branch of the Imperial Economic Committee, Lon- don. The figures are: 1929, total export of Canadian canned fruit, 51.931 cwts; 1930, 23,360 cwts; 1931, 47,503 cwtfi; 1932, 91,888 cwts; 1933, 147.181 cwts; 1934, 219,435 cwts. Yet Mr. King would have us believe the Ottawa Agreements have restricted exports.

Another good answer to Mr. Mac- kenzic King is found in the figures recently issued by the Bureau or Statistics, showing that the aver- age gain in employment in Canmh as of August 1st this year was con- siderably greater than any of the averages at the same period in the past fourteen years. The number of firms reporting was sufficiently large to be representative and their aggregate increase of employment amounted to 15,000. a gain of 1.6 per cent over July 1. with the ex- ception of April 1. when there was a slight seasonal decline. the com- mencement of every month in the calendar has rhown an upward movement.

Ontario and ‘lbronto are to com- bine in honouring Lord and Lady Besabcrough on the eve of their de- parture. They are to be given a reception in the Legislative Cham- ber when addreses will be deliver- ed by Premier Hepburn and Mayor Simpson. Afterwards Their Excel- lencia will be tendered a civic lun- cheon. The executive of the Lady- Bessborough gift fund announces it will close subscriptions today, Sept. 10. The decision wee made after Mrs. Hugh Guthrie reported an ap- preciative responee from'e.ll prov- incee. The gift, a 17-inch ummadl of Canadian gold, willbear the in- scription: "I-fer zxcellency the Countess of Bessborough from the women of Canada. fill-lid." The um, accompanied by a book bound in royal blue morocco and mm: names of all those wbo-eoflflllfllbd

before incapacitated-In

record cleanse Ilium control

to its purchase. wilj bl

Notes By The Way

For variety of titles the Emperor (>1 31111101118 is the champion among crowned heads. He is called by some the King of Kings, and by Others. Perhaps the more bibulous, l!" Nexus But none of Selassies titles eeem to overawe Dictator Mussolini.

0M lee-on to be Ielrned from current news stories 1e that it's fatal to wear a cap when being lllrflded for identification. "That's him." is the convincing, if Ingram- matical exclamation of any wit- ness confronted with a man in a "~11. The other five or elx fel- lvwfl wearing hate, fireman’; m1- met-H. paper caps. solar topeea, and lull hi“ I-YO good hon. est citizens, but the crouching “elm 1n the cap-"rhata him." —'1‘omnto Star.

t-i

The vole taken in Blgllnd to feet Public opinion on such important mellow as the league of Nations. disarmament, the will to peace, etc, ll Ill lnleresllns experiment, but alas! nothing more. It will have absolutely no effect upon lntema- llohel diplomacy. it is to be feared. I101‘ influence one 10th the policy of governments bent on conquest and national aggrandisement. Yet, theoretically. the will of the people is supposed to be pflmmounl;__. Hamilton Spectator.

“Enemlea" of the cor-mm; 5mg, appear to include Protestants. Catholics. Jews, nee Masons and the “Steel Helmets" organimtign Surely these make up the great majority of the German people. Yet l-Iltlerlsm-the stair-is riding roughshod over all. The world is he- ginning to wonder how long a situation of this kind can last.

Theory and practice clashed when the U. S. Federal Govern- ment began two years ago its attempt to raise prices and wages at the same time. The planners in Wlishllllkwn did not seem to under- stand that a. rise in the coat of living was equivalent to a. cut in wages. They did not understand that consumers would be repelled from buying if prices went beyond a certain level. The enforced in- creases in the cost of manufactur- ing last year caused unsieadlncss in commodity prices. A year ago the effect cf rising prices had become serious for business. Industrial pro- duotion in July, 1934. was more than 20 per cent lower than for the same month of 1933. This year. with the exception of food prices, most commodities have been steadier, and as a. result buying has in- creased-New York Sun.

The true prayer for Deuce is a prayer of faith in the posibility of peace. It is not a prayer of fear of the possibility of war. It is a prayer of love for all mankind, free from recriminatlon and from thoughts cl’ racial or national superiority. It is a prayer which recognises God es the Father of all men and therefore as concerned with the welfare of one nation as with the welfare of another. 1t is a prayer in which this recognition of the Fatherhood of God becomes so plain that the brotherhood of men is thereby established in ‘ oonsciousnem in place of the false and unchrietian beliefs which would scourge the world again with war. A prayer of hope, of humility. of love, on the lips and in the hearts of all peoples must counteract the thoughts of dread, of pride, and of hate. “Neither shall they beam war any more."- Chriatian Science Monitor.

This inland Sea of Tsana is away 6.000 feet up in the moun- tains of Abyssinia. where lt covers 1.350 square miles, and is thus one of the greatest inland reser-

Wurs oi’ the world. Them the

Great Engineer of the universe than ntowed these waters for the benefit of man. Its surface is dotted with scores of islands, on some of which travellers tell us monastries and churches exist which go back to mediaeval times. Not far away, somewhere between the lake and the ancient city cf Axum, Abyssinians tell us. reposes the Ark of the Covenant, which the first Menelik t:ok from Jerusalem, when he went to sec his father, King Solomon.

By ‘a language hypothesis the man from Cambridge, Eng- land, speak two different tongues. The Armrican wears a derby and the Englishman sports a bowler. The American wears suspenders, but the Englishman depends on braces. One buys his railway ticket from a ticket seller. the other....gets his from a booking clerk. One travels in a railway car and the other in a. railway carriage. One buys his tooth powder at the druggistfe and the other at the chemists. And, of course. every one is aware that Americans go up to the tenth floor in an elevator, whereas Englishmen invariably take the lift-New York Times.

L r

The Canadian who arrived in this country last night, some to play cricket and others on a general holiday tour, are assured Their visit

Education League of Canada, whose laudable cbieet is to enable Can- adian teachers and students to eee

cellencifll. scammed-ll." k land. . ' _ l

AN

SALT WHEN INFLAMMATION

THERE 71H

n

During the hot weather it has been found that so much water goes out of the body because of the perspiration that a little table salt should be taken with every drink of water. In many foundries or other places where the heat is extreme little tablets of salt are provided which is a convenient method of taking enough salt into the system.

Salt will hold seventy times its weight of water in the system and water is needed to keep the body processes in good working condition.

However there are times when too much water in the tissues is really a hindrance to the proper working of the body processes. For instance, in inflamed conditions of the mucous memb ‘mews? of the nose and throat such as occurs in the ordinary head colds or in inflamma- tion of the sinuses adjoining the 111156 it has been found that, cutting down on the amount of salt eaten or avoiding salt in the food cn- tirely lessens the degree of inflam- mation. Dr. S. Markees, Berlin, tried to find a method to find out to what extent a. salt-free diet influenced inflammation. His method was to learn the proportion of the sugar content of the bladder and of the blood. Thus the ratio or propor- tions were recorded before the salt intake was reduced then during the time the salt‘ intake was reduced and then again when the diet con- tained the usual or normal amount of salt. The test was made on thirty pat- ients and it was found that the in- flammation was reduced during the time the salt, intake was reduced, and that when more salt was again taken the inflammation became more severe. It is worth much to us then to know that when there is inflamma- tion of any kind cutting down on salt reduces the degree or amount of inflammation. This means that in cooking food and after it is cooked less salt than usual should be used to lessen the symptoms of inflammation.

Britain Exonerated

(Toronto Globe)

One cloud over the Italo- Ethiopian dispute has passed. The a-rinouncem t of Secretary of State Cordell Hull on the eve of the Geneva conference that the Standard-Vacuum Oil Company was the mysterious owner of the large Ethiopian concession and would cancel its agreement in the "interests of peace" swept aside the deep suspicion that had so suddenly gathered about the British case. ' It is not to be supposed that in persuading the standard-Vacuum officials to withdraw Secretary l-Iull. was moved by the sheer weight of altrusti: sympathy for Great Britain or the League There was some very urgent reason for the of- ficials visiting the Secretary of State and confessing responsibility when they did. Once the confession was made it was found that United States, and not Great Britain, was involved, and that America's neutrality and her traditional policy of promotion for the inter- ests of her citizens abroad had been brought into violent and dangerous conflict Fortunately the very deci-_ ded views of Europe upon the con- cession "incident" traced fairly clearly the ultimate course of the State Department's action. Great Britain had urged the concession be cancelled. Italy was unmoved by it. As a neutral, and in consideration for the complications under which it was achieved, the United states could hardly_ insist that Italy res- pect it.