"Mrs;- ln other warora- building all

JULY .80, 1921‘

rim coiixfitil ‘

PAGE NINEll ‘

1 "' ‘ . i . - - l _ l‘ EXPERIMENTAL AND RE-lare formei b l l'll l J. lh I - . _ SEARCH wonx m GRAIN top or ‘ineygnlihleinii-unkind: ‘ S - AND FIELC- CROPS tooth covering. ‘The centre of the - . . .___-E portion so ‘tormcti i'ili with ct-‘ment Expcrinienttil and research WOTlLlliIIYlDK tlit- (‘iifly formative period - - c. ' Promoted by. and antler tin‘ 1;uiti~‘tif the tooth "flic cement being |NC|PLES OF FEEDING THE W0 1 v ‘_" ------_-._ tiliretif. the lltynlnitin lit')ii!l'l|llt‘lll lz-ss tlcnsc wears tinny tastt-r. form "_* TYPES AND PR RK TEAMS ln the 111-1111911195 f n, r C of Agriculture ‘llilk’ made greasing iht‘ cup. i. 1'11‘ teeth "z THls l5 WHAT SlllllQN PlKE 0F PlGGERY CONUTRUOTION i‘ and "i101! thlr vglue $gflllefigtgll is 132F712‘ :a‘:tr%r.1;§if‘:?z§h‘§"§§ditto... the greater will be tln-‘rtrttles in (fonada tint-inn rr-ct-ni lt-vrn. 1lic.~c ‘at Jdiltappenr, “zlzftl TRlNlTY BAY sAl/s WHEN

)EXpCI‘lmel‘I§il Farms Nola)

Ollflldefiltlffil of trims and the

185 of piggery construction - a classification of swine

bgéraygesrglfpfuughl)‘ as follows.-

a 1__'1~1111 farmer who keeps two or

iiiree hogs and from which class

QQIIIGB the great part of Canaries

A c ortnril‘

hozgfjTlle farmer who specializes 11 little more in swine growing. keeping five or six brood sows and

11 boar:

3_'l‘lie out and Bill- lIOE ma“ who goes in for hogs exclusively kgpplflg thirty, forty. fifty or per nnps more brood sows and work- 1111; 111: closely as possible on the 1.1.1, 1111131- 11 year plan. 'l‘here are lew in this class. v

considering briefly the types of buildings required for tho above classification‘. the following hassle pfilicilllPi-l must apply to all:

i-dItfONOMY. [No business can operate efficiently with too much pvcrheatl expense. Pork produc- tio operates on a close margin of 111-11111. in the main. comparative- ]y cheap buildings are atlvisable. iint only on account of _lmv cost.

but because they are best other- wisu. 2- illtYNF/SS AND GOOD VEN-

TILATION. These must he ob- tatnctl in some way. Possibly no larm building is more difficult to vcntiiatc than a piilllcry and n0 animal requires fresh air and quar lcrs more than a bog.

Tim man who ' keeps two or tlircc stiws needs few. if any spec- In] buildings. ills sows are win- tcrcd in low straw covered shells or shelters adjacent to the barn yard. They summer on 1iasture iviili a chcap lean-to or tybln for cbcltt-r. Two main requisites arc automatically iiCi|lllF0(l——l‘l‘CSll air, 111111 dry quarters anti exercise. Atl taHr-ivlng time a box stall is us-l illll|_\' tivailalile. li‘ tlio litter comes carly, such t1uurtcrs usually provo sufficiently warm for the little pigs. These utter weaning. uiay be fattcnctl on pasture or‘in a |l.l(ltltl(‘l( or dry lot with a clicapl slicltcr or it‘ indoor fecdinl: is lire icrrcti. in a shcti or empty build-t In: improvised for the 1iurpose. 'l‘l1i..- may sound like ‘make-shift practice. Tiic fuct remains that not one ccnt more than is tilisolnto ly ncccsstiry‘ Hlltlllld be cxpcndcd in hm; equipment.

(fonsitlcr the case of the next class. --tiie man who keeps five or six sows. ills lbrcctllng stock should be handled as in the forc- gnlng. The essential building is for iarrowing his sows. if his sows furrow all about the some time ttiid if ho plans for fall litters early enough for successful winter fcctilniz, ho must have licatctl quar

or part of which is warmly built anti therefore comparatively ex- pcnslvo structure.

Generally speaking the host ar- rangcnient makes possible the clos inq till‘ oi two or three pens next to the fccd room where a heater may be installed. This portion of the building must be doubled hour don antl tightly cclled and with a vcntilitzitltin system. (lenient is excellent in thc iiialn. lbut tho far- rowing pen floo-r must ho of wood or ‘cr-mcnt. covlrcti with wooden planks. A tlrainugo system must he provided ea ensure dryness. l-‘or the balance of tho building cx- cvllcnt. results have been obtained by 1naklng_ use of . single board trails, u slatted ceiling covered with straw. cartli floors and a floor rd scction ovcr wliit‘li is built a lrw. straw covcrtitl sleeping berth Such tiuurters are excellent for wcnnetl pigs or for fattening hogs ut any time of tho ycar. Ventila- lion is automatic. The expensive t-onstrtictitin is limitetl to ivliere it is really essential. The balance is oi cheap construction. Plans or piggcrios of this style may be (‘llilainotl from the iliit-tbtintiry‘ l)i- yisitm. (‘antral Experimental Farm Otmwti,

‘rin- extensive hog man needs spccial buildings. Nevertheless he must. strictly follow economy in ctinstrtivtion. lihcpensive or com- paratively‘ expensive construction l5 mlulrcti ONLY FOR FARROW- i.\‘tl QUARTWCRS. Open sheds with straw covered sleeping quar- irrs liuvc proven excellent for wn Icr fattening of hogs. Tho straw liiil. carth floor. cntslosctl berth. l\'l‘t' iii building. makcs an excel- lcnt anti comparatively’ cheap stru i'iill‘t‘ which embodies all of the essentials and which is ‘useful for all classes of hog with tho possible Pxrcptltin of the (iarly farrowing 110w anti tho sow during the get-i- i-ilion period. The cheap 1)ort- 11bit‘ cabin is a tbuilding much in tlcmanti on the big hog farm. both in wintcr and slimmer. Plans of the larger types of 1ilggeries may lit‘ sticurcd from the source alrea- t|.i' incntoned.

(i. l). ROTHWiELL. Hushandman.

Dom. Am.

Summer Heat Hard 0n Baby

No season of the your is so duti- ll“l““"l l" the life of little oncs as is the summon-The excessive heat throws the little stomach out of "ill" 5t‘ uulckly that unless prompt itld is nt band the baby may be be- yond all human help before tbc mother realizes he is ill. Summer it tho season when diarrhoea. cholera infnntum. tlyiiontry and mitt‘. are rlost prevalent. Any on. of tlinso troubles my prove deadly ll "ti! iirtiiisrly treated. During the summer the mother's best friend l“ BMW's Own Tablets. They rogu- lale the bowels. sweeten the stom- flrll‘ “ll "Bit baby, healthy. The

ablellt are sold b! medicine dealers "l l‘? mull ut 25 ennui n box from I, illlllffll Medicine 00..

l1. t. ‘_ ,

By W. H. tirtonawooo

The horse that exhibits the great- est endurance and bardihood in the collar is the one that ls healthy and well fed. Au animal worked stead. lly and Rent petite and strong us- “FllY h"! i1 Rood appetite and strong digestive powers. He needs a lib. erul feed. but never should be g1... en more than lie will eat up clean I believe that most teams, are fed

too ' much rather than 111., little. About two pounds of bay and grain per day for each 101)

pounds of live yvelglit is usually cu- ougli to keep a horse in good work» lng condition. As to the grain pur.~ inn oi the ration. i believe oats liuve no equal. especially (luring warm weather. Oats contain a larg- er proportion of musclti-making food than filly other 11nd prutlncg more nerve :1nti spirit while being coolci‘ to the system. But l don't mean to feed oats exclusively. A variety of fced ls not only niucli rc- llshed by the animals. but is absol- lllQly Wssential to their best condie ion. 'l‘liey will do better on ‘.1 varied ration. cvcn though it truntains n11 more actual nourishment lrccatitc the variety appeals to their tilt-ate anti that aids the process of digest- ion. l like oats to form the basis of their ration and be varied by the addition of other suitable feeds. l1 always fccti my teams some iZOFlLl but in warm‘ yvcatliei‘ do not fccdl llllllCll of it, as it produces fat and heat anti work tcains need feed, that makes muscle anti gives: strength and cndurancc. which feetii usually has a tooling influence uv-i cr tli.- s-"ystcm. a fc.'itui‘e to be‘ sought. for in summer. ‘ best kind til bay to fccd. l 1ircfct- nicely cured clover or alfalfa anti llllltlllly mixctl. about two thirds of,

ttlz‘: clover or alfalfa to tinc-tliirti11.1i 111,. rpsrgnr(lh work 1,, “mum,

timothy‘. ‘Meal is not a natural foou1 for work tctims. it is too concen- trated. if. uscd. it should iic mlxt-dl with tliopptitl bay o;- otlicr rough-l age tlanipeiitztl. l

The importance of regularity lll1 everything that pertains to thc mun! tigcmcnt of llic work trams cannot} be OVCF-05llllllltllil. This applies |l‘1ll'-t ticulruiy’ to the fcctliug. Whatever feeding materials are employctfiiil the ration. thc zinlmals should ha: fcd regularly anti uniformly at all: times. The digestive system and, vital activities of a horse become-tn accustomctl to a ccrltiin timer. which we must follow ii’ we fill! get his best services. Th1‘ lior. tligestivr- system is not so large as. that of a cow or sheep. lic has no! rumcii. no placc to store. his food to be masticatctl at will. lit-rice‘. when at work we should iced him‘ regularly and uniitirmiy. inv-estlg-l titers liav-c shown that the stomacii1 of tlic liorsc nrust fill and empty

itsclf twnor three tllllas i0t‘.B1\l‘-.li1

I

meal given.‘ it appears that during tho forepart of the meal the mater 1 iai is pushed into the intestines by, the food which follows almost as! soon as it. enters the stoniachq while toward the en-tl of the meal the passage is slow and the tligest- ion in the stomach is more perfect.‘ This h-t-ing true. it would seem that the more nutritious footisl should be fcd toward the end of‘ tho meal. cspccially sinco- some 0-11 tho v-cry important nutrients are largely digested in the stomaclk- l

The order of giving the feed can-i not lll‘ discussed intelligently witli- out conritlering tiic time of ivaiei- ing. Soinc belicvc that ‘watering should bc done before feeding. while other are equally certain that feeding should 1iret~titlc water» ing. Each oi these methods is pro- bably equally good for the animal" and the one employed will be del- orm-‘nctl hy circumstances. For m ample. after severe loss of watw. sticli as (i('Cilt‘$ as a consequence of long-t-ontintietl cxcrtion. tilt‘ uni» mal may perhaps be tiilow-‘tl t.» drink bciure lit‘ is lad, otlieryvisc he will not feed ivcll. On tho other hand. this method of watering may olfect the appetite in some animals and as n rcsult they will not ea- Zllidlltltfll as they shollltl. Again it has bccn clearly tlcmonstratcd that if tin- fcctllng is done before the watering. much of the food is cai- nied into the intestines by the wat- er. ‘Since the grain of lllf‘ ration is r-icli in digestible nutrients. it should stay in thc stomach as along as 1iossiblc. for thc tligestitin 11f protein one of llic most important of the nutrients. is more complete there.

ln feeding and watering our teams wc usually follow this plan. Wlicn tlic animals are hot und tir- cd the harness is removed after they are hrotrgiit to the lnirn and the anlmnls allowed to (Itllll off Then tlicy are permitted to drink s small quantity of water anti eat their fccd. When ready to go to work after dinner they arc ntvcn nll the water they want. At night the yrcccive a small quantity o! water before feeding anti tin not Kot any more untilabotit an hour uitor calling.

We always do our feeding before we (‘at breakfast. and it is an hour or so after the animals have been fed beofre wc take them out Hi work. They aro allowed to drink nll tho water they want at this time. We never do any watertnz before tho morning feed. Our teams always present a good nppeamncc so far as looks are concerned. uni it is very seldom that one of tht‘ animals shows thc slightest sym- ptdnbf» tiny disorder of the system.

FEEDING OIL MEALS TO DAIRY CATTLE

(A special Article from Sticccss- fiil Farming. an American Publlu- lion) .

Pew dairy farmers appreciate the value of oiimesl for foedlnzl dairy cows. and Hum; Bitwlt- 3° fnr as chemical analyses are con- cerned ‘it may be stated that prifnc cottonseed meal-und oil-meal have

As to lb.- ,1,

"luvs wttii other

llrllilBflt feeder overlook when and efficient ra mats.

One of the most things brought out in t tvpcrimets recently conducted by llart) and Stecnbtittlt. at the Wis- wnsm P-Xberimcnt station, {lemarkabie supplementing quail - “es of the protcins oi oilmeal for

inst‘. of other grain feeds. in feed- iIiK with cornmeal. for example. if llYBfllY-ilvfr licr cent. of the pro - tcins o: oil meal are supplemented \f\llll 7.» pe rccnt of the 1iro1o1nn

roni cornmeal the mixture is utiliz eti for the formation of body 1iro- toins to the extent of about forty "i" will"; whereas corn proteins alone are utilized to the cxtent of only twenty-four per cent, and those ol’ oilmcttl to rather less titan twenty per cent, Fne11prs 01 ‘ldlTY BOVPS have noticed eqaully‘ f!“ “lllhilm-‘lilll’ Frsults from feed- ing tiilmuzil along with cornmeal l" Cilwi‘ lii-otlticinr: muxlmtim yields 0f milk. but have been unable to ex Dlaln the results. other than that llic tiilniczil bad a beneficial cffcct upon the litiwclr. and tligostive sgvs- tem of the ‘cows. Experiments anti experience indicate that when twcn lY-llvc per cent. of the proteins: conic from tillmcal the rcstiits art‘ better than when proportion..- n“. used. especially when cornmeal makes up an important part of llic grain ration.

‘Stick’ results indicate tin‘ [ZFt'“il ilt.‘.<ll)illl.lf‘l~ of mixing various grain fcetls so as to tiver-i-timt‘ tiit‘ weak- nesses of certain feeds and maki- a more valuable mixture than is bio when 1irtipcr attention is ""1 itivcn factors other than clic. "PlP-"l ‘lli-‘Ilysis. it should lic clear- l.\' "Ptlcrsttititi. however, that much

feeds.

milking up cheap t-ions for his an?

Krain feeds is not perfected stifli- cicntly from the standpoint of clic- hilt-til analysis to help us in 1ircdici ‘iii-t iiit‘ v.,ilue of ‘l sinrzle 1ir:.teln or a combination of 1irotcin< for milk and ilrowtli. The only way to work out these fectlintghirobiems is to t-Zlvo the feeds to tiniinals and ob- serve what they do with them iu the way of growth and milk 1iro- duction. To secure the most roti- gble results in determining the yalue of fccrling materials it is lliiDortant that we teontlitct export- mcnts with cow‘: giving :1 maxi - mum flow of milk. or with young animals wiiitli lllfllf" as rapid gagie 1s tllf‘ chemical nature of‘ their feed will allow_

Aside from tlic valno of oilmcail zts n stipplcmcnl to other grain fcetls l believe that a fcetlcr can tif- iortl to my more for tllllllPlil than for cotltinsectl meal when tlierc are no siticculcnts, sticli as rotits or " l"“"‘-‘l:’, filial," Diifllltin oi’ tbt- j“ '.°"- .-. Milli. areas corn sling it tloi-s not make so much different-c whether the feeder uses cottonseed meal or ollmeiil, but i ‘Vmlltl lircfer to reed at least our‘. half oiimeal to counteract the con- Bllllflillil! tendencies of cottonsr-ml meal Where there is nothing lint

ftilly tlt.‘tcriiiinoti all tlic good qual tiles til oil meal, lint I do know from lll‘lll_V ycars exporionc... 111,11‘ it is a most valuable fccd for uirv WW“ "nil Krliwlilll calves. if an ani- mal ltllliill down. out of condition. so to speak. and is ft-tl a little 4-11. mt“~l regularly it will usually show its good tilfcct in a short $11119 bread crumbs anti placo a piooo 1.1 butter on each: bake in a onion ovcn fifteen minutes.

Li.

ozsrnovmo wesos av‘ MEANS OF CHEMICALS.

While the llfle and the cultivator are llkclv to remain as the two most efficient weapons to use in tho combat with Wflflilg there 111-11 certain cases where the tise of some chemical may hr‘ extremely tivslriililo. A good example of the latter is the cnse of njraln crop infected with an annual such as Wild Mustard. where it is possible by spraying with iron Sulphate or (lopper Sulphate to injure the weed to such an extent that it is unable to ripen its seeds.

There are also numerous plots of waste ground in towns. miles‘ of rtiatlstdiis all over the country. rail- road tracks. and large areas of stony or rocky ground that con- not bo cultivated. where the em- ployment of chemical means for keeping down wectis might be pro- fitably considered.

Tho srrziy‘ should he applied in fine calm wcntlier when the/re is a probability that no rain will fall during the next 24 hours. ‘Tiic amount. of spraying mixture will vary somewhat with the kind of nprayinz machine but as a lleneral rnie at toast 60 nations are neces- sary to cover an acre. The spray should be applied while the weeds are young. ‘

Tho chemical stibstnncos that aremost employed for killing weeds are sulphuric acid. iron sul- ph-atle. copper sulphate. ycomnion salt caustic soda. sodium nrscnite. cirrhotic acid. orchard heating oil and fuel oil After the use of some of these the sob remains slertla until the chemical has been wash ed out nv rain. in calculating the strength to be uit-ed it has to be re-

membered that. a gallon of water weighs l0 pounds. Sulphuric Acid or oil of vitriol

bu a corrosive effect on the spray- ing apparatus and can be used on- ly in a wt-sk solution varying from 3 to 10 per cont. it baa no injuriout effect on wheat. outs. or bar-low crops mid hhn a fertilizing effect on the soil.

(‘opper sulphate or bluoiitone can be used instead of tron sul-

ubbnt the alum-floodlit "ti". i r0 lg s. bi tilffOPQMI-‘IQWQYQP: .

which the Der cent. 1t cbe k tb rovvth f ti . - - . cannot afford to other plants begidsas gvegeds untll nficlkllrodmuon or 8M“ mun“

it hs been washed out by rain.

Sodium arsenite is used at the than twice as much nutrient ‘niate- has enriched

rate or 2 pounds to. 60 gallons of

interesting water. l‘. is very p lsonous and the maintenance for its production he feeding powder is dangerous to health if will i‘ WW giving 2t)

inhaled. it kills all vegetation. .

Carbollc acid is used in a solut- Pvtiuirt‘ an int-roast‘ in amount ili‘1)l‘t)\'lilt'(‘~; tin-- brought ‘iliout ‘ ‘- is the ion of 121-2 per cent or stronger. ilmlPlll- ill" tirilvltty of the secrc-loiatl ‘ “ ‘ ‘ ‘l

Orcbatr-i heating oil is applied at full strength in a. fine mist. 1t des- troys all vegetation ‘but is not pola- 0lllfllll5 and does not injure the so . ‘

Fuel oil can be used on waste grounder garden paths. After its use the soil remains sterile for a considerable period.

0f the various patent weed kill- ers "Atlas A" was tested during the summer of 1920 on various weeds and gave good results.

J. ADAMS. Division of Botany, Ottawa. Ont. —_--¢o>.i Old Seeds Cannot Bloom.

A nice little story came through llic news tlic titlier day about morn- lng-glory seeds 5.000 years olu.

found in the liantls of an lfiilylitiaum

mummy girl “oldcr than‘ the 1iyini~1 mills.“ and which, on being planted:

rt-cciiily‘. sproutcti and brought forth hint‘ flowers. “Evidently?” .-::1iti the tlcspatcn.

“llic favorite floyvcrs of a llttli‘, lilfllitiztn maiden. in whose litlllt"‘ llic socds were placed lll tirtlci" ill; iihc might plant tlicm in anotlit-i‘ world." l

One would likc to ulicd a synt- pathctic tcar. But trouble is that‘ iht‘ y'arn is. purc fake. Every now and then one rcatls limit seeds rt‘- stirrccict! with mummies. tisually’, wheat or liarici’. which sprout when 1ilanttitl. Tlit‘ thing is impossible.

in France tlicrt‘ is :1 noble family callcd Vilmorin. wiitisc present: chit-i’ i; lllf‘ hcutl oi‘ llic gealcst sec-l growing cont-cm in tho world. li-‘ is also a tilslingnlslictl botanist. and has matit‘. a special study of the‘ vitality of scctls of cultivated ‘plants with n vlcw to tletermininiz. tht-ir length of lifr‘. The results o.’ his work in this lint‘ arc prlntcd in autbtiritaiive tcxt liotiks.

Sumnicd 11p. they inform us that tlit‘ seeds of about half a dozen apt‘-

.al.o in the rt‘

amount of nutrlnts required of A cow giving ‘i0 pounds of "lllk llPi‘ flit)‘ may require more

riial above the amount required for

‘pounds of

"lllli tier tiay- Slie will probably

tilt)‘ cells of the titider may malcilzil for tliu replacement oi‘ worn titit ‘tissue. Aiitl tin‘ rit-licr the milk tho ‘ureattrr will be tlic zimtiiiiit of nutrients. roquircti for tlit‘ 1irotluctioii of cacti pound.

.'i'ltirc_ feed is required to 1irotiticc. {liiil lltlillllln‘ of milk when llic lac- tation 1it.~rltitl licyoutl tlit‘ firs: liush of t'l1c ‘milk llou‘. As tlic amount of milk protinctrtl 1)t‘l' ltlo 1101111115 live weight tlct-rt-tiscs with the ‘titlvoiicc. iii itiriatitni llic total ziinouiit of fcotl cat-tell -pr liiil 1intmtls til‘ milk 1irotlut~cti must iiicrt-ast‘. lt must lit‘ rt-mcnibt-r ‘l that iii lltt‘ latcr :‘..‘ of tht‘ lti‘l'ltlllllll period dlic. cow is usually 1irt‘.i.‘;iiai1'.. anti. ‘iit-rt-ifori‘. for ‘the growth o_f the foetus it is lltHfiH-l try to 1tl'()\‘lllt' for llic. cow at tlii. stat-go a ration with u Hhilll supply of 1irtitciii anti The ilititiy rcscrics of llit‘ t-ow and aii iiicrcust- of lit-r ivtriglii must. in‘. ltt-pl tip. anti this can only b1‘, tiiruinctl by llic, lilitial llFt‘ of 1caiiitiliytlraltm anti fa . t-oiwwi- 1t1ucntl,v. tlic ration at ii ' statut- will rcuuirc. to liuyt‘, a wi'lt-r nutri- ‘ivc ratio than that ll<t‘ll carlici‘ in lllt‘. |1t‘|'ltlil. ll'l‘t‘.\‘[tt‘l'i\'t‘ oi‘ this if:it‘i iiiaiiy ililll',\‘lllt‘ll do not rca /.t- ,it or act z ‘ctirtliiigLy in their lt-ctl- 1111.: tiperatitins. l‘. S a 1icritii iii llic lactation \\'llt‘ll tlir‘ aiw-riizt‘ tlairy furnicr iicgilt-cts his cow.