I-IASZARD’S GAZETTE,‘ FEBRUARY 9.

(From the Scientiﬁc .ﬂmeri'can' TIN AND ITS USES. . .

Every child in the land knows what tin-ware is, but the number of persons who have even seen a piece of pure tin, or are ac uainted with its nature and various uses is not large. ' in oi"‘staiiniim" is one of the ancient metals and was known to the old Figyplltllls and He- brews.’ it is found in the state of an oxyde in various countries—Spain. Hungary, South Aiiivrica, and the liidiaii Archipelago, but most abiiiidaiitly it} Cornwall, from wliicli place it was obtained by the l hcenici_an_s, when 'l‘vre was mistress of the seas, and before Britain bore the impress of the Roiii-.tii’s_ heel. As a metal _it has a white brilliant appearance, is very malleable, emits a crackling sound when bent, at peculiar odor when rubbed, and when cooled slowly from a_ molten state,‘ it crystallizes. The tiii-stone of Cornwall is found in veins associated with copper ore, in granite and slate ‘rocks, hence it is called “mine tin.” ‘he oxyde of tin is also disseminated tliroiigli the rocks in small crystals; and in alluvial deposits it is found mixed with rounded pebbles, and is called “stream tin.” When tin ore is mixed with cop r—after being roasted-—it is treated with sulphuric aci , which dissolves the copper, but not the tin. After . . ' 17 ' it is washed, ‘the ore—then called “block tin —-is ready for smelting. The common method of smelting the ore is in a reverberatory ftirnace with coal, the ore being mixed with powdered anthracite or charcoal. When very pure metal is required, the smelting or re- ducing is conducted in a s_mall'blast furnace, powdered charcoal being used to mix with the ore, also a very small quantity of lime as a flux. After the ﬁrst_smelting of the ore, it enerally requires two other smelting oper- ations to puri y it for use. All these demand great care and experience to conduct them economically. The reﬁned and purest tin is that which is used in the matin- facture of tin plate, the tin beingiisetl for thispurpose in a molten state, and thin lates of iron_dipped into it, just like dipping thin boar s of wood into lquid varnish. The metal plates for tiiitiiiig are made of the best char- coal iron. All the oxyde is first removed from them, then they are scoured bright, and kept iii soft water ready to be dipped in the molten tin. 'l‘lie tiii is melted in an iron pot over a ﬁre. and its siirface is covered with about

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beobtained in considerable quantities. We hope that more attention will be devoted to prospecting for it, as it is riiore valuable than copper, and far more useful.

We pay $4,709,000 iinniially for tin plate and sheets; $23,000 for tin foil; .977-.‘~l.tltlt) for tin in pigs and bars, and $44,001! for iiiispecified tin inaiitifactures.

A GEN'l‘LI-IMAN culling one nioriiing on a female friend, was answereil by it country servunt boy, that she was not

at home. “ Thank you to give her this,” said he, hand- ing a card. " Shall I go up and give it to her now, sir?” said the boy.”

DISCTINTNESS or DnIss.—The meeting of tivo gentle- men in in theatre lobby is a happy illustration of the con- fusion a similarity of dress occasions. Coming from dif- ferent points, each in a great hurry, one addressed the other with,“ Pray, are you the box-keeper ?" “ No,” re- plied the other ; “ are you P”

An American who can recently returned from Europe told his friend, that he had been presented at the court there. “ Did you see the queen there?" asked one. “ Well, no, I didn't see her ’zacly, but 1 seed one of her lriends—a judge yer see,” he continued,“ the Court I was presented at happened to be the Central Criminal

ourt.”

Tris New York Dutchman says, that whoever wishes to get along in this world has only to take a few lessons of a hen chasing a grasshopper. With a long neck and sharp eye, take a few hurried steps, stop short, peep over, peep under, now to the left, now to the right, one ﬂutter and a rush, and then you have him. That's the way it’s done.

CREOSOTE roa Warns. Dr. Rainey,of St. 'l‘liomas’ Hospital, London, has written an article to the Lancet, detailing the effects of creosote applied to warts. He applied it,freely to an obstinate warty ex resceiice on the ﬁnger, then covered it over with a piece of sticking plaster. This course he pursued every three days for two weeks, when the wart was found to have disap-

four inches of molten talluw. 'l‘lie prepared plates are di-. pe-l in this. and left to steep for an hour or more, when they are lifted out with tongs, and placed on a._ rock. The plates generally have a surplus quantity of tin_ad- hering to them when taken out of the first pot; this is removed by dipping them into a pot of niolteii tallow and brushing. Great care and experience are required in all these inaiiipiilatioiis in order to cover the plates smoothly, and not have too thick or too thin a coating of tin. The covering of such an oxydizable metal as iron with tin, like a varnish, is one of the most useful qualities which this metal possesses, and renders it bet- ter adapted for making variotis vessels, such as our com- mon tinware, than any other metal. Nails, bridle bits, and many small articles of iron may pe covered with ‘tin by first scotiring them to remove the oxyde, then dipping them into the molten tin. _

The metal is so ductile, that it can be rolled out into sheets of tiii-foil as thin as writing paper. it is now much used for covering tobacco, for coarse gilding, for what is called “ silvering looking glasses,” and for bron- zing powders. . _

Peroxyde of tin is used by jewellers as a polishing ma- terial; and fused with glass it forms a white opaque enamel. It is much used mixed with copper, to form various useful alloys of metal, such as gun-metal, the specula for telescopes, the bearings for shafting, the bronze of statues, and was used by the. ancients for swords, spears, and armor; and it is aid, these were tern red by a process now lost to the arts.

Blkfck tin is struck by dies into various vessels‘ for drinking, such as ctips, tea and coffee pots, and mixed with a little copper to give it hardness, it forms t_he'bea_u- tiful “ Britannia ware.” In the chemical arts, tin is dis- solved in acids, such as nitric and niiiriatic, and forms a common mordaiit for some of the most brilliant colors

tinted on calicoes, and those dyed on wool and silk.

he uses of tin are more various than those of any other metal, and it possesses very valuable properties. Ln

land is the greatest tin- reducing country on the globe. ghe possesses the most a undant natural sources of this metal, and has long been the tin-plate manufacturer of the world. The produce of the metal in Cornwall is about 10,719 tons per aniium, but it is tiscd for so many purposes, that it is the source of a vast amount of wealth to Great Britain. We cover our houses with tin plate, and we manufacture vast quantities of it into vessels of every description for domestic use. We have iron moun- tains, and innumerable beds of copper and lead; we have the greatest coal ﬁelds on this globe, and gold and silver exists abundantly in our hills and valleys. No country

is so rich in useful minerals, but as yet no rich deposits .

of tin’ have been discovered. We have some faith in the

egugncg-of this metal in our rocks’ and that it will yet.

pcared leaving the part beneath it quite healthy.—This ,is certainly a remedy which can be easily applied by any lpersoii.

House I-‘Lesa as Foot). The editor of the Union Medicale gives an amusing account ofa dinner to which he was recently invited in Paris, invited by M. Renault, Director of the great Veterinary School at Alfort. The object roposed was a comparative test of the qualities of beefp and horse ﬂesh. The horse ﬂesh was obtained from a fat animal twenty-three years of age. The editor speaks in glowing terms of horse-ﬂesh soup, and it may be said, that a new article of food has been added to the French Service. The Tartar tribes paid horse ﬂesh; the French are learning to be as ‘ivi- : IZ. .

HIND00 Winows.-—A bill is at present before the Legislative Council to enable Hindoo widows to marry plrlithotiﬁ 13acrificilng thetili; rights? ti:ndE§°orl_le}giltirnating

eir c i ren wio in eeyeo e rig is aw are at present considered bastards. At present a poorigirl, scarcely released from the nursery, may become a wi ow before having seen her husband, and for the rest of her days is not only condemned to celibacy, but to slafvery. Her hair immediately is cut off she is stripped 0 her ornaments, and condemned to ’ rform the most degrad- ing drudgery about the house. I‘he proposed law, which is purely permissive, and may be taken advantage of or ‘neglected, as is thought ﬁt, has been petitioned l1g8&l}l)Tl by a considerable body of the wealthiest Hindoos in a cut- ta, on the ground, that as practices prevailed amongst Bllierrlil tfhreeﬂt]hoiisan;inyi:i_1liist agtpé suclp ats gannjibals might

us or ey oug s i 0 pro ec e an persever- ed in. The Hindoos of Bombay, in a s irit more beﬁt- ting the age in which they live, and t e character for good sense they have acquired, are now petitioning for the passing of the law, which we hope will be given effect to, without loss of time.

The Russian war is, by the lower classes in Austria, considered the cause of the unusual severity of the wea- ther, and in stiltppogt of tlhis siugiﬁlar 0pli(l1‘Il0n, the following facts are ad uce .—A most t e co est winters ever known in that country were that of 1799 and 1800 (Rtissiau campaign under Suwnroff ); that of 1812 (Moscow) : that of 1830 (Poland) ; and the present winter.

Alexandria and Cairo now communicate with each other by railway and electric telegraph. By the former, the distance is eight hours.

lir THEY DONT Rim, Kiss ’ :ir.—At Boiilogre, during the reception of Queen Victoria, a number of English Ladies, in their anxiety to see everything pressed with such force against the soldiers, who were keeping the line, that the latter were in some instances obliged to give way, and generally were, to use the expression of our policemen, “impeded in the execution of their duty.” The oﬂiccr in com- in.-ind, seeing the state of.affairs, shouted out-

“Onc roll of the drum; then, if they don't keep back, kiss them all.”

At the first sound of the parchment, the English ladies took to ﬂight. “ If they had been French,says a Parisian journalist, “they would have remained to a woman.”

UPBIGHT Msu.—-We love upright men. Pull them this way and the other, and they only bend-— tliey never break. Trip them down, and in a trice they are on their feet again. Bury them in the mud, and in a hour they would be out and bright. You cannot keep them down, you cannot destroy them. They are the salt of the earth. Who but they start any noble project? They build our cities, whiten the ocean with their sails, and blacken the heavens with the smoke of their cars. Look to them, young men, and catch the spark of their energy.

KEEP Sous Osrsc-r IN Visw.—Every man, rich

or poor, ought to have some absorbing purpose: some active engagement, to which his main energies are devoted. Not enjoyment, but duty, daily dut , must be the aim of each life. No man has a right to live upon this fair earth, to breathe its air, to con- sume its food. to enjoy the beauties, producing no- thing in return. He has no right to enjoy the bless- ings cfcivilization, ofsociety,and of civil liberty, with- out contributing earnest and self-denying labour of head, or heart, or hand, to the welfare of mankind. Certainly no man can be really and truly religious. who makes gratiﬁcation, as distinct from selfdeny- in;-; exertion, the great object of life ; and the idler puts pleasure exactly in the place of duty. This principle oflife admitted, however mamifeted, will produce daily deterioration of character, until tho- roughly abandoned. Every bodily appetite, every mental fancy, every momentary fashion, will clamour till indulged. 'I‘lic body will be pampered, appetite lead on to gluttony, wine to drunkenness, luxury to every evil indulgence, while the mind, excited only by novelties and enfeebled by the lack of continual exertion, sinks into utter vapidity and uselessness.

“ Can you let me have twenty dollars this morn- ing to purchase a bonnet, my dear?” said a lady to her husband one morning at breakfast.

“By-and-by, my love.”

" That’s what you always say my dear, but how can I buy and buy without the money ?”

The husband handed over.

KEEP rm: Motrrn SHUT nuance Conn Wnnntt.

In the Journal of Health, Dr. Hall advises every person who goes out in the open air from a warm apartment to keep the mouth shut while walking or riding. He says:

“ Before you leave the room, bundle up well- gloves, cloak, comforter—shut your month before you open the street door, and keep it resolutely clos- ed until you have walked briskly for some ten mi- nuites; then, if you keep on walking, or have reach- ed your home, you may talk as much as you please. Not so doing, many a heart, once happy and young now lies in the church-yard, that might have been young and happy still. But how P If you keep your mouth closed and walk rapidly, the air can only reach the lungs by a circuit of the nose and head, and becomes warmed before reaching the lungs, thus causing no derangement; but if you converse, large drafts of cold air dash directly in upon the lungs, chilling the whole frame almost instantly. The brisk walking throws the blood to the surface of the body, thus keeping up a vigorous circulation, making a cold impossible, if you don't get into a cold bed too quick after you get home. Neglect of these bring sickness and premature death to multitudes every year.”

A good newspaper is like it sensible and sound- hearted friend, whose appearance on one’s threshold glnddens the mind with the promise of a pleasant

and proﬁtable hour.