PAGE FOUR

THE GUARDIAN

Authorized on Second Clnu. Mull Poll Office Department. Ottawa The Island Guurdlui Publishing Co. UIBCULATION

Total City Zone 8.10- Betnii Trading Zone ............ 3.086 All other .. IM Total Net Paid ................... ....... H.813 Editor and Managing Director, J. ll Burnett Associate Editor, Frnnli Wulkcr

."TIie Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest Ink."

CBARLOTTETUWN SATURDAY, SEPT. 9, 1950.

"The Good Earth"

What makes the North Koreans, like an army of ants, hurl themselves in wave after wave to inevitable destruction in the face of U.N. artillery? Whence comes the fanaticism of the invaders which makes them ready to sacrifice themselves in a bloody struggle in which scores of thus- ands have already died?

The answer is land. Not land in the sense of conquered territories. There is enough territory in Asia, even with its teeming millions, not to need a war of con- quest for what Hitler used to call ”Lebens- raum”, or living space. Rather, it is land in the sense of ownership of a plot, however tiny, to cultivate free from the domination of feudal landlords. For land, in Asia, is life.

Russian imperialism's ideological wea- pon in Asia is the Lie of Land. It is for land, not for the any abstract commumst doctrine, that the North Koreans are fight- ing. Yet land, too, is a lie, for the men of Moscow have no intention of fulfilling their promise to their puppets, of providing them with that individual ownership of a plot from which they can wrest a livelihood.

The lie of land, rosy promise of Asiatic communism, has delivered most of China into Moscow's hands. Disillusionment and the collectivjst commisar will come later. Then it will be too late. Meanwhile, com- munist liquidation of Asia's feudai land- lords makes Moscow look like the liberator to millions, while U. N. tanks and planes and guns appear as the weapon designed to reduce them once again to serfdom.

The key to the restoration of freedom in Korea, and in China, is land reform. For land is the one thing the illiterate Asiatic peasant can understand. It is, therefore, high time the United Nations gave consid- eration to what is going to happen once the North Koreans have been driven back across the 38th parallel. The propaganda value of an honest-to-goodness land reform programme in South Korea could accom- plish more towards loosening communism's hold on.China than ten armored divisions under General MacArthurls flag.

The Canadian delegation to the forth- coming General Assembly of the United Nations could undertake no more useful task than to give leadership to such a pro- posal. It is the sort of ideological leader- ship which Canada, as one of the greatest

.agricultural countries of the world, could

provide better than most.

"We Stopped Then"

There are phrases which rank higher in history than great men or battles. Churchill's famous "Blood, sweat and tears" comes readily to mind, but in al- most every war the essence and spirit of the time has been summed up in cne strik- ing phrase. .

The stand of United Nations, and par- ticularly United States, forces against the hordes of communism is epitomized in the pithy G. I. report, "We stopped them."

They may come again. In fact they will almost certainly come again and must he stepped again, but stopped they were and will be. It will take much of men and planes and ships and guns to end the threat to world peace and security but there will remain the beachliead, the building-up area, in which to assemble the necessary forces. It will be there because brave men can say, "we stopped them."

A. Russia's state capitalism

Soviet Finance-Minister A. G. Zverev is even less communicative than his op- posite numbers in countries outside the Iron Curtain when it comes to a discussion of his fiscal policies and their results. Cer- tcinly the figures which he gives on the Russian budget, as published in Pravda, need to be treated with more than ordin- ary reserve. ' '

Moltinteresting aspect of the informa- tioncdlvulged, however, has to do with Soviet industry. Mr. Zverev'c assertion tiini timpronu of Soviet industry for 1950

policy, which demanded that all industrial profits go into a government-administered pool. Even the men in the Kremlin, it seems, have discovered that enterprises don't run very efficiently when they rely on government subsidies to keep them go- ing. Hence, restoration of profits as a de- vice to make industry in the Soviet Union pay its own. way. Hence also, the constant drive in Russia to lower production costs.

Communist trade unions, under the Kremlinls policy of state-controlled mon- opoly capitalism, are probably going to find it tough going. For state-ownership of industry means that those who oppose management's methods to secure increased production are going to get in the bad graces not merely of the boss, but of the Government for whom the boss works. State capitalism, unlike private enterprise, leaves the worker with little chance to re- dress grievances.

EDITORIAL NOTES

Our luxuries are going to cost us more. C U I

The three-piece suit for men is on the

way back, but it now includes two pairs of

pants.

Winnipeg managed to survive the flood, so is probably facing the Legion conven- tion with scarcely a qualm.

O

The air force is doing itself credit in the inauguration of the Battle of Britain commemoration next Sunday, when it may be recalled how ”so many were saved by

so few."

The Potato Growers' Association have decided that, so far as the present is con- cerned, they are satisfied to remain inde- pendent of the P. B. I. Cooperative As-

sociations Act.

Not much encouragement is being vouchsafed for a winter service between Georgetown and Pictou. Representatives at Ottawa ought to get behind tne pro- posal and make their influence felt.

It is now certain that the Fourth Ses- sion of the forty-sixth General Assembly will be prorogued or dissolved by u differ- ent Lieutenant-Governor than he who sum- moned it.

0 O O

The results of the fur auction sale in Montreal this week, reported in our yester- day's issue, show: a very large percentage of sales at advanced prices. This indicates a comeback in the industry which will be gratifying to all our fox breeders.

' O o o

Describing the emergency budget as an anti-inflationary measure seems to be tak- ing undue liberties with language. The cost of a great many articles is increased by taxation in order to drain off surplus funds which might force up prices. The re- sult should be to restrain price increases on articles left untaxed but the net result would seem to be the same, except for the gain to the Federal treasury. '

O

The Battle of Flodden, this date 1513, in which the Scots were defeated by the English, and James IV, King of'Scots, and many of his nobles were slain: Still from the sire the son will hear Of the stern strife and carriage drear Of Flodden's fatal field, When shivered was fair Scotland's

spear I And broken was her shield!

The Legislature is unanimous in its de- termination to make the Federal author- ities honour the bond of Confederation. Our Island politicians show that when it comes to defending the rights of citizens they can present a united front. individuals will have to prove to the Province that they suffered loss by reason of the Fed- eral Governmentls failure to provide the standard of communication across the Strait called for by terms of Confederation. The Provincial Government, backed by the Opposition, will present the bill to Ottawa.

Ten years ago, in September, 1940, the German all-out air offensive against Eng- land was at its height. On September 15, the fiercest assault of all was beaten off by the R. A. F. with a conservative estimat- ed ions to the enemy of 185 aircraft de- stroyed. Between September 6 and Octo- ber 5, ot least 883 Nazi planes were lost over En;land. Canadian troops stationed in Britain shared with British civilians the horror: of the blitz and, by the war's end, more than 400 Canadians were killed or wounded as a result of enemy action in the U. K. It was during these September raldl that Lt. J. M. S. Patton and Capt. D. W. Cunningham, bother the Royal Cana- dilil Enlineeni . respectively the first

THE GUARDIAN. (ZHARLOTTETOWN Fittiiig A iiatlonal linifonn

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This column is open to the discussion by correspondent: of questions of interest. The Guardian docsnat necessar- ily endorse tha opinion of correspondents,

.-.1.-we.-in.-i.-.-.-.-.-i.-.-.-.-A.-5-.-.-. CARFERRY AIJMJNISTRATION

' -.-.-..-.-i.-.-.-.-.-

sir,-Since the cessation of the railroad strike there have been numerous reports in your paper of resolutions passed by various or. ganizations calling for the carferry service to be administered by :1 Government Commission or De- partment. Do you think that this will result in any improvement in the situation?

Supposing that the Governmen: did assume direct control of the Carferfies. then the crew would be entitled to, and probably would J0lIl the S. I. U. or some such union. This would mean that the probability of a strike tying up the ferries would be increased rather than decreased. Then too, the en- giiieers and officers would telong to separate unions. thus making three unions in all. which again would increase the chances of tie- up for any nationwide seamen':, enginecrs', or officer's strike would involve the ferries.

Should Premier Jones or any- body else try to prevent the forma- tion of ii union, that would be tarstamounic to B dictatorship and Canada is supposed to be a free country.

Also without a union aboard conditions would deteriorate until the employees. many of whom are specialists, would be reduced to a very low standard of living which would cause a. corresponding low- ering of efficiency.

Would it not be better to "active the ferries in the harszis of the C N. R. and for the P. E. I. Govern- ment. C. N. R.. and Union to get together and sign an agreement guaranteeing that in the event of a further dispute. the ferries will remain in operation? Furthemiore. if the ferries are part of the highway system, would it not be better if the Legislature gave a llttile more consideration to building scme passable highways with which the ferry will connect? Many tourists this season remain- ed in the Province only a few hours before leaving disgusted.

I am Sir. et.c..

C. N. R. EMPLOYEE Borden, P. E. I.

THE MARITIMES AND THE RAIL STRIKE

A copy of the following letter, addressed to Mr. J. R. Dudley. Commissioner, Beard of Trade. Saint. John. N. B. has been received for publication locally:

Sir.- The railway strike. under existing conditions, may or may not. be justified. I have not suf- ficient. knowledge to form an opin- icn on that point, but I do know that this strike would not have occurred in the Maritime Povinces at least, if the Government. and Parliament of Canada had not mis- used the authority that Nova scotln, New Brunswick and Prince Ed-ward Island entrusted to Can- ada under documentary agree- ments.

This strike is just another incid- ent in the great governmental and transportatlcn tragedy which has been imposed upon this nation by politicians, which seems bound to eventually bring this nation of "federally united" Provinces into 3 similar tragic governmental and economic pcsition that the Pro- vince of Canada (Quebec and Ontario) was in, when some of its political leaders visited the Mini- time Provinces in 1864. beninl for help to save their Province from being forced into the United stlten, because the political lend- ers of the Province: of Canada had been unable to successfully govern their Province and because that Province did not have continuous access to the Atlantic on its own territory to carry on its overseas trade.

Those 1064 political leader: lit- erafly bended Nova Bcotlc and New Bruiirwick to arrange an agreement which would enable their Province to use the seaport: of saint John and Halifax con- tinuously and free their Prcvincc from being tied up with the Unit- ed atntca'ceapom,wbichtic-upcnd handicap had made Iuccaufui de- voiopment of the econom of in!- Province oiounacaim bio, -nu Province of Canada um ten the verge of b in 1000, when the original Province organised the confederation that is functioning

George Ci-on

wcundcrthcncmuofaon- 1' ., , Q.

.A. ..:'.V l

connected, as the original Pro- vinces requested). as a Dominion.

The original Provinces authoriz- ed the British Parliament to en- act the British North American Act 1867 and the Canada Railway Loan Act 186') to sanction and give legal permanency to the 1866 inter-provincial agreement, which is the basic constitutional docu- ment. of this nation, and so declar- ed by the Brltish Privy Council.

Those documents and British laws and pursuant federal legis- lation obligate the Govivnment. and Parliament of Canada to operate the Intercolonial Railway as a Federal government service, to promcte the object. of the original confederation "at all times", with any deficits charge- able to the general revenue fund of Canada as was done up to the time the federal Parliament iii- cirporatecl the "Canadian National Railways", so called. and it seems unconstltutionally delegated auth- ority to that international corpor- ation to operate certain govern- ment owned services without in- structicns to respect -what. is writ- ten in Canada's constitution re- garding those services. also to operate services in the United States. guaranteed by the Ottawa Government. Thus the government employees of the I. C. R. and the Prince Edward Island Railway and Car Ferry, have become employees of an lnternatlcnal corporation which is operating thosegoemment services as commercial projects, hence the strike. 0

The Federal Parliament's dis- regard for the agreement it arrang- ed with the Legislature of Prince Edward Island, "in 1873, as the original Provinces had entrusted it with authcrity to do, is disgrace- f-ul. Due to lack of proper education regarding the constitution of our national structure, cur people seem to have lost sight of the fact that the original Dominion of Canada derived its being and authority from the original Provinces and that the Government of New Brunswick can put. a stop to any- thing that is repugnant to what the British Privy Council defined in 1937 as "The inter-provincial Com- pact. to which the B. N. A. Act gives effect." as the Dysart Gov- crment did at that time with cer- tain Bennett legislation; also stop- ped certain other unconstitutional actions, which were in the making, while it was waiting for 8. reply to its formal demand despntched to the Govemor General, for govern- ment according to Canada's consti- tution, with the I. C. R. speificed. among other things.

The Government of New Bruns- wick is allowing that formal de- mand to remain on the agenda of the Federal Governments as un- finished business, while our people remain silent and the Ottawa Government seems to be aiming to destroy the protection that is pro- vided for the constitutional rights and interests of this and other minority Provinces. from misuse of federal authority.

I am, sir, etc. A. P. PATIERSON.

TYRANNY OF MONOPOLIES

sir.-The greatest menace ta. our economic life in years gcne by and looked upon with disclalniful disap- proval was that recognized as "combimtlons" in restraint. of trade. The purpose was to co- ordinate, and so co-relate the Act- ivities of those participating inrthc different cchtmes, that competit-

ellmlnated. and larger profits amassed at will. Under these priicticesl the consumer was being unmercifully exploited. and mil- lionaires created, In instances, al- most over night. What was hougltt for consumption, as well as that produced for sale. the proceeds of which were used to meet the cost of purchases, both contributed un- willingly, yet heavily. to the coffers of those magnutes who thus con- trolled the trade of the country.

This situation developed, so troo- ition says, under what is now gen- erally referred to as "Free Enter- prise" system of transacting busi- ness and that system is taxed with responsibility for this undesirable development. This cannot be no. as the very name implies that Free Enterprise to all intents and pur- ppses is the direct opposite of "combinations" in restraint of trade. The advent of combines was. and still is. an infringement upon the principles of Free Enterprise. and cannot be fairly attribiitcd as a product.

Sc-me years ago. a sociallstic idea was imported into Canada. and locally, by voluntary economic up- lifters. who became convinced its theories. when put. into practice and actual operation. would right the wrongs associated with pre- vailing trading methods, and would assure the individual. fair treat- ment. Its philosophy of "all for one. and one for all," had an appeal, and consequently on early follow- ing. but in practice, it soon became evident that ii lopsided percentage of those participating had :i rather contracted estimate of what co- operative doctrine involved.

They overlooked the fact there were obligations to be observed as well as. advpntages to be enjoyed. and the extent to which the latter would become available depended largely upon how faithfully the fcrrner were being discharged. Thu was not always the fault of those being instructed in this new or: of self-help. but rather that the pitfalls and responsibilities were not being depicted as vividly as the rewards were being portrayed. For this and other reasons, the coop- erative-ldea in practise has not made the headway in leavenlrg our economic ills. that was predict- ed fifty years ago and since. down through the years.

The cooperative philosophy in practise has lost much of its up- peal, lately. in the transaction of business, as compared with the period of its early introduction. This conclusion can be soundly based upon the super-intensive ef- forts being made throughout Can- ads. to have its principles fastened upon the people whether or no. and despite much visible objection. In our own Province, activity border- ing on the fanatical has been greatly in evidence during the paint twelve to eighteen months. Proper cooperative functioning boundaries are being disregarded by enthus'- iistic promoters. who in their zest for opportunity to dominate economically. would invoke from the government power to make their will supreme.

The experience of this Province during the railway dispute should be 3 future guide in this respect. Never again should power beyond the reach of government be con- ferred upon uny group of indiv- ldunls. our isolation from the rent of Canada 3 week or two ago. at the instance of n civilian, heading in group. and against whom the Government of Canada stood pow- erless to act should be soni-thing over which farmers as well M other classes should ponder before ieopardlzlng their right: of citi- zenship 1 un sir, etc.

ion in trade would be effectively

knocks again

OPORTUNITY

To buy insurance made to fit your needs . . .. r. it just a policy or so, but in complete program. That lg the modern way to financial security. Our fifty-two years of study and experience are at your service.

. J. A. GILLIES Charlottetown.

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ii. -. Notes By

Whey can have tramps in Eng- land. But they are no longer ugl- cd tramps. Nor are the casual wards called cnual wards. In- stead, they are "Reception cen- tres for Persons without 5 set- tled Way of Living". This means a. change in the lyrics of at lent me favorite folk-song. Hence- for-th, we shall have to omit: "I-Iallclujchi I'm I Person- With- out -1- Settled - Way -of-Living."

. -ccalgaxy Herald.

"Alulta In estimated to have 2,000,000 acres of land suitable for cultivation, and another 4,000- 000 acres suitable for grazing. Yet only 12,000 acres are now being used for agriculture. Last year Alaska produced 51,800,000 worth of foodstuffs and imported si'1.ooo,ooo worth from the United states not including tea, coffee. spices, sugar and other products that are never likely to be pro- duced there. Trimsport costs add tremendously to food costs in Alaska. Eggs that cell for 70 cents 8 dozen cost 81.20, by the time they get to an Alaskan store.- Mllwaukec Journal.

The modern machine is forcing its way into the thick forests of Northwestern Ontario. The de- partment of lands and forests is now busy testing out In new plow. designed for use in fighting for- est fires. The plow, invented in the State of Michigan, may oust the bulldozer in the job of mak- ing fire guards. It can travel It 50 miles an hour on its way to a fire zone, and when it arrives at the scene for action, the machine can cut a fire guarrd five feet wide faster than B. bull-dozer. It is mounted on rubber tires for fast. travel on roads leading to the fires.-Foirt. William Times Jour- nal.

A reference in this place to magpies, an increasing race. as the worst enemies of neatlings, has brought a letter from as far away as Cyprus. They are descri- bed as flying over the land at the height of about two yards

Wei

- LIGHTHOUSE

Beating in at dusk from the ocean purple

with piling storm, the fishing boats tack past

the lighthouse with its dashing golden eye.

drop sail and warp to their land- ings and make fast.

Up the steep hill above the her- bor. houses.

white in the threatening twilight. open doors

to shed their warmth upon the cobbled streets,

and tired men climb to stow their nets and cars.

Under the dooi-yard apple trees. . while children

and dogs rush out. Yet each bronze seamen turns

on his threshold and looks good- night to the darkening waters where steadfast in rising wind the lighthouse burns.

-FTIIICCS Frost.

Dnfeo

The Age-old Story

M&6

Behold, I have taught you statutes and ' dgmcntc, even an the Lord my God commanded me, that ye should do lo in the land whither ye go to it. Keep therefore and do them; for this In your wisdom and your under- ntmding in the light of the nations. which shall hear all then ctctutu. and soy. surely this great nation is a wise and uuderstonding people.

an SEPTEMBER 9, ' 1950

..1m

The Way -1 .

and . uttering sudden sou”,-3, which frighten mother bu-as m, to leaving the nuts. which the linrples at once empty. The once vast number: of the species havg been very much reduced by- the simple process of an offer to pm-. chase the eggs from small boy; Nearly 2,000 were so bougm in three yearn, and the magpies have almost disappeared. As the bin; lays a very large clutch the may boys do well. The paucity of mm birds in part: of France iii cer. tainly due in ii large part to the excessive number of magples one most unexpected poim 1,, their favor is noted in the Cyprian experience: "They drive away the crows. which are nearly as bad.-Londop spectator.

ti Old Charlottetown

(And If Is. I-) NEW GLASGOW CHAMPIONS

"A ploughing match. under the direction of the committee of the Royal Agricultural Society, took place on Tuesday last in 9. field on the Hon. Captain Swabey'i farm. Thirteen persons had en. tered their names as competitors and eleven made their appearanci on the ground. There was no liml. tation as to time, and the stylq of the work was left in a greai measure to the judgment of the ploughmen themselves, with lhg intimation that the size of the furrows should be somewhere about 8 inches by 5. The judges, Messrs, Henry Longworth. Ches- ter Woolner and James Proud- foot, gave the following as thin decision:

"lst prize: 5:3 to James Moffui, New Glasgow, a native of Scot- land - an iron plough. Wil- kle's No. 2, imported by James Arthur.

”2'nd prize: 22, to James Sample. New Glasgow. a native of the Is- lan ii wooden plough, made by & native of the Island - an iron, plough, Wllkie's No 2. imported by Alexander Laird,

Esq.

"srd Prize: ii. to James samp- le, New Glasgow, a native of the Island a wooden plough. made by his father, and mounted with Edington's Wilkie's No 1.

''4th prize: 10 shillings.

to

-Francis Henderson. farmer to Dr

Oonroy, at Bedeque, a native of Scotland on iron plough Gray's, imported in 1824 by tin late John Stewart. Esq.

"Shortly after the termination of the match, a. discussion took place as to the merits of the var- ious competitors, and of plough- ing generally, when Dr. Conroy offered to back Henderson, win- ner of the 4th prize - notwith- standing the result of the day's proceedings - against any who could be brought. against him. The challenge was immediatcl accepted by Mr. James Arthur, who named Moffat, and he hav- ing consented. the result was fix- ed to come off the following day. on Wednesday accordingly. the several parties met on the same field, and proceeded to turn up I couple of ridges each, which had been marked out for them the previous evening. The judges. Messrs, A. Laird and J. Ferguson. gave their decision in favor of Mcffat. at the some time declar- ing that the difference between them was very slight. The stakes were handed over to Mr. Arthur. who divided the amount between both contestants.

"Were an argument wanting in favour of the benefit to be deriv- ed from ploughing matches, it might be found in the fact tlni the three principal prizes at tlili match were carried off by in- habitants of New Glasgow, in which settlement, we understand ploughing matches have been re- gularly held every Autumn fol the last three or four years: and it is to be hoped that. should th: Agricultural society continue to offer annual premiums for :00 ploughing, in much greater num- ber of competitors will be fcund.'

The Islander, Oct. 16, 164!

J. A. Metiuigcn NOTARY, ITO. IIAIIRISTER. SOIJCITOB CIJRIIIE BUILDING

J. S. TAYLOR

Optometrilt lye: cnnilncd. giucel fitted. Corner Kent A Queen su.

PROFESSIONAL CARDS

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