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MONDAY.

4

Russia lias Second Biggest

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By mmvoiz moan:

IDNDON. (Routers) - Russia today has the second biggest navy h tho world-outnumbered only by the United states--but its main Iting .is believu-l to lie in fast minelaying cruisers and submar- Ines

This knowledge was a big factor is planning the mammoth Atlantic naval manoeuvres which toiork place this summer under on name of g"Exercise Mariner" and brought the combined fleets and air forces of the Norilh Atlantic Treaty Organization into action

Despite the growth of Soviet naval power, there is no indica- lion that Russia is capable yet of fighting major naval battles or is wen arming for them.

The threat of its miiielaying vel- asla is recognized, but naval ex- perts here say that on the basis at meagre lntf-'lllg0i'lCe reports, Russia has no aircraft carriers, its fleets are landlocked.

Reserve Fleet

Britain. which long regarded it- Ielf as ruler of the waves, has re- covered from the shock of a parllasnenia-ry announcement last March that it is now in third place behind tho United States and Russia as a naval pnucr.

Within 0. work of thn announce- ment Cmdr, A. H. P. Noble, a key admiralty official, pointed out that Britain could return to the No. 2 spot nri short notice if its reserve fleet were brought into commission.

And both An'im'i('an and hritish Navy chiefs realize that over-all efficiency in seopou-or and partic- ularly the composition of fleets are more lmrmriiint than Tho number of vaxv-is that can be put to sea.

- ll0nfcolfd days youlre sure of VA and Fast Worm-ups with because itls WOW: CIIMATI-CONTROIIED”

rid, is Belief

The shape of Ruasiva navy. as shown in that authoritative Brit- ish reference work. "Janet: Book of Fimting Iiipa." indicates no great ability to carry the war ef-

fectively across thg major oceans .-

of the world.

The most reniarksbio aspect of -

the Russian Navy is that is ap- pears to have no aircraft carriers and to contemplate none.

As to battleshlps- and these are still part of a naval inaursnca pol- icy in global warfare-she has three antiques dating back to the First World War. The construction of one or more new battleships has been persistently rumored in recent years. however.

I10 Submarines

On the positive side, the Rus- sian Navy is distinguished by its huge submarine fleet and rapidly increasing cruiser strength.

"Jane's" gave an authoritative estimate of the Russian submarine fleet at the beginning of this year as 370 in service or reserve, com- pared with 57 with which Hitler launched his sea warfare. At the same time the number of Russian submarines reported under con- struction in Soviet doclryards was given as "some 120."

British Naval experts know that Russia's fast mlnelaying cruisers and submarines could play terrible havoc with”the shipping of the Western world, and that is why the emphasis in British naval con- struction today is on anti-submar- lne frigates and mineswecpers,

But in the long run. the experts add. Russia could hardly expect to fight fleet actions or dominate the seven seas with it navy lack- ing aircraft carriers and modern capital ships.

Treasurer. Ilonoml

0. A. (Harry) Day. 'l'rea.surer of The Canadian Press, was chosen by directors of the news-gathering co-operative to receive the Coro- nation Medal allotted CP as a national amocintion. Their citation said his devotion to the co-oper-

ative idea. his understanding of daily newspaper operation across the country and the high regard in which he is held by Canada's newspaper men have enabled him to make an invaluable contribu- tion to CP's development. A native of Old Perlican, Nfld., Harry Day joined CP as Chief Accountant in 1922, became Treasurer in 1935.

(C? Photo)

LONG SERVICE EDMONTON - (OP)-Retiring after 33 years as a railway mall clerk, Kenneth Murray was pre- sented with a. purse and scroll liy the Railway Mali Clerks Associa- tion. Native of Woodstock. Ont.. he joined the railway mail service at

Calgary.

ramv W Final Volume of Churchill War. lfemoirs Published

NEW YORK. (OP)-Sir Winston Churchill says "the first important divergence on high strategy" be- tween Britsin and the United states in the second World War came over taking strong Allied forces from the Italian front for use in the landing in southern

. France.

Sir Winston said hi favored maintaining heavy forces in Italy for a drive northward toward Vi- enna and the Balkans. ,

President Roosevelt disagreed and almost 100,000 Allied troops were withdrawn from Italy for the land- ing in 'uthern France Aug. 16, W44. As a result, sir Winston says:

"ItsLv was not to be wholly free until May 2, 1945: the rlghthanded drive to Vienna was denied to us: and. crept in Greece. our mili- tary power to influence the lib- eration of southeastern Europe was gone."

Stalin Agreed

Life magazine, out Thursday. publishes the first instalment of "Triumph and Tragedy", the sixth and final volume of the Nobel prize-Winning memoirs" of the wartime and present prime min- isters. In Casada, publication rights are held by Week-and pic- ture maganine and its associated newspapers.

The volume traces the Second World War from Operation Over- lord, the Allied landings in Nor- mandy June 6. 1944, to the final surrender of the enemy l-i months later.

Sir Winston said the landing in the south of France "was origin-

ally conceived as s feint or threat

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to keep German troops on the Riviera and stop them joining the battles in Normandy. but the Am- ericana in Cairo had prenad for s. real attack by 10 divisions and at Tehran Stalin had supported them."

After Rome fell June 4. 1044, Sir Winston said, the use of the Al- lied forces in Italy and the Med- iterranean, had to be reviewed.

"The American chiefs of taff . . condemned what they ed the 'commitment of Mediterranean re- sources to large-scale operations in northern Italy and into the Bal- kans," miurchill says. "our own chiefs of staff took the opposite view."i

Appeal To Roosevelt

Churchill appealed to President Roosevelt, who replied:

"I oamiot agree to the amploy- ment of United States troops . . . into the Balkans. nor can I see the French agreeing to such use of French troops . . . for purely political considerations over here. I should never survive even I slight setback in '0ve'rlord' if it were known that fairly large forces had been diverted to the Balkans."

An attack on the south of llrance was ordered for Aug. 15, and the Fifth Army in Italy was reduced from nearly 250,000 men to 153,- 000 by the shift.

"But. I saw the effect of this de- pletion of our forces in Italy for myself. On Aug. 19, while I was visiting the front in that theatre. Mark Clark received me at his headquarters. In our friendly and confidential talks I realized how painful the tearing to. pieces of this fine army had been to those who controlled it. The general seemed embittered that hiasrmy had been robbed of what he thought-and I could not disagree -was a. great opportunity. . .

Gleaming Possibilities

"A very little more. half what had been taken from us and we could have broken into the valley of the P0, with all the gleaming possibilities and prisea which lay open towards Vienna." .

On his visit to Italy. Sir Win- atori also saw Marshal Tito and discussed the future of Yugo- slavia. Sir Winston adds:

"Tito assured me that, as he had stated publicly, he had no desire to introduce the Communist system into Yugoslavia, if only because most European countries after the war would probably be living un- der a democratic regime. Develop- ments in small countries depended on relations between great powera. Yugoslavia. should be able to profit by the growing improvement in these relations and develop along democmtic lines. The Russians had I rnlmion with the partisans. but its members, for from expres- sing any idea of introducing the Soviet system into Yugoslavia, had spoken against it."

Diaquleting signa

Bi: Winston also was concerned over the rest of eastern llhirope, noting: -

"While we were thus striving to reach a balanced result in Yugo- slav affairs by direct negotiation with Tito. no progress had as yet been made with Moscow about Po- land, Hungary, Romania and Bill- guria."

Sir Winston wrote President Roosevelt: "There have recently been disquieting signs of a pos- sible dlvergonw of policy between ourselves and the Russians in re- gard to the Balkan countries. par- ticularly Greece."

sir Winston suggested that Rus- sia take the lead in Romuiian af- fairs and the British take a. alm- ilar lead in Greek affairs. adding:

"We do not of course wish to carve up the Balkans into spheres of influence, and in agreeing to the arrangunent we should make it clear that it applied only to war conditions . . 3;

President Roosevelt! reply to the suggestion was that it "would certainly result in . . . the division of the Balkan region into spheres of influence despite the declared intention to limit the arrange- ment to military matters.”

The United sum later reluct- antly agreed to a ti-iree-month trial of such a plan. and Sir Win- ston adds:

"But Stalin was non-commits! 8501"; my msuestion. and in view of American official reluctance. we abandoned our efforts to reach a major understanding until I met Stalin in Moscow four months later.”

HUMBLE START '

Sir Henry Jones. distinguished Welsh philosophy teacher who died in 1822, began life as a. tioemaker. I , ' i 0

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Challenge To - Mcfiuireici .

WASHINGTON. (AP) - The United states Supreme Court Mon- day rejected a challenge to valid- ity of the federal McGuire Act. which puts teeth into the "fair trade" laws of 45 states. J

The McGuire Acl: permits mum. faoturers to specify the mum prices at which they products are to be sold in each of the 45 states. They may do so if a single l'.el.Blier in any state signs I. pricing agree-

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- THE LIFE

family. He also helps

ment. It then in made binding on all other retailers in the state. in- cluding those who do not sign.

All of the states except Texas, Missouri. Vermont and thegDis- trlot of Columbia have "fair trade" laws. . Constitutionality of the MoGuln: Act, as well as the Louisiana "fair trade" law. was attacked by Soh- wegmann Brothers Giant super Market of New Orleans.

Schwegmann appealed to the high tribunal after the U. 5. dis- trict court in New Orleans ordered him to sell insulin made by Eli Lilly and Co. at the state "fair trade" price of 32.83. cu." "ft had been aelling for '75 cents less.

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Next time you watch a construction job, remember - you may have a closer connection with it than you

If you own life insurance, that connection could be very close. Some of your premium money might be helping to pay the cost of digging that gaping pit. For. ' - every year,vhundreds of millions of dollars are invested for policyholders in ways that provide many kinds of

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ANALYSIS

F. HUTCI-IESON

In SON Optometrists 53 Grafton Street

7

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