IIAS7:AR‘D’S ‘QAZETTE. JUNE 17.

ensxnes not Lari: rsriias

THE COST 0!‘ WAR.

In sotsteussut lat lsidbslsre tbsParlissient of the fllniatod uni‘ oxpaoditsros for the cur: rent you-. the largo sum of £3,090,700 is set down for “tho expenses of transporting troops and horses." It will be but a poor consolation to “'0 Bllfilll nation, who have these ex uses to F14,“ select that the total expense oft return

go dfiao men and horses, is likely to be very much reduced. Among the other items of the suplemcntsrv estimate. are £220,000 for a year's wages of 5000 additional seamen, besides £Il00.000 for six month's additional pay of £500 sesmewreviouslv voted for six months only. ‘Photo also £130,000 for fuel for steam tes- Iela: 1369.674 for the urchase stul repair of steam mbdiinory. and £ 4.057 for the purchase of steam vessels, gun boats. Ito. The ouplotnooo talsrriiy esti'nfste,- provides for a further addition to the army of I-1,799 mes stall ranks to the land forces, making the whole numerical force of the army 142,776, —it being 40,493 additional to the force authorised last year. making the enlarge- ment of the estimate for this item of the service, £l.l33.-470.

From Parliamentary returns it appears that the expenditure of En lan during the war, fro 1803 lu 1815, inclusive. amounted to £1,159,729,- 256. or close at 1 ct’ u H rnillion tiallotxrs. In the last year of that war the expenditure rsu thus: £l03,42l.538 in the year l8l‘Z: £I90,952.657 in 1813: £ll6,84l3,889 in ISM; and £116,-l9l.05l in l8l5—in which last year the cam sign commenced in April and finished at aterloo, in June. This is the more money cost for tnaintaining armies \Vhat it has caused the nation may be seen in the overloading taxes and the amount of com- fort which the people are deprived of in conse- quence, and the positive misery and dcstitution existing.

THE CAPITAL OF RUSSIA.

St._Peterebui-g, the present on ital of the Russian Empire, now confine population of about 350,000, is little more than a century 91d, havin been founded by Peter the Great in 1703, w en he raised with his own hands the first but, which is still preserved for the inspection of the curious. T e rick house was built in 1710, and in 1712, the resid- ence of the Emperor was transferred from Mos- cow to the new city, which was named St. Pe- tersburg, after the patron saint of its founder. The approach of the city is through ti wild and desert country. There are neither country seats nor gardens in the environs of this, large town. The stecples are not sulliciently hi h to be seen at a distance. The entrance is on or a wooden barriers, an r it mile the traveller drives through a small street of wooden;bouses. Turning on on Io, he finds himselfon a brid over the blue Neva, having before him the A ~ iniralty, the winter palace of the Emperor, the Heritage, the Marble Palace, and a succcsion of magnificent buildings on the granite qua . No dirty lanes or paltry hats to be seen, oi

ound bein the properity of the Emperor or t e nobles. lost of t e original edifices have been destroyed by time or fire, and none of the principles streets are now permitted to be built wit wo . he usual material is brick well stuccoed, and the proprietors being com ell to renew the outer wash once at car, the uild- ings always look new. The mo rcn houses are built on piles, the ground being marshy. The are left and generally handsome, with roo s nearly at sheeted with iron, painted red or green ; they are all numbered and the name of the proprietor is on each door ; the ground fioors are chiefly shops, the first and second floors being occupied by families. The of lass in the windows are as large as feet by feet and upwards, so that each ap are a separate window. At the corner of eac street is a licemau in it sentr box. Three lar and several small canals, studded with bridges of cast iron and ranite, facilitate the inter- course between the diforent parts of the city whose circumference on the banks of the Nova is nearly twenty miles, though scarcely a fourth part of the area is covered with build- in . he waters of the Neva are rfectly blue and transparent, and reflect the orig line of (iracian pillars on the banks The river at the broadest art, is about three uarters of a mile wide an is doe enough for envy ships, but a bar across mouth pevents vessels drawing more than seven feet from oing,up. Near the Isaac bridge. in the centre 0 the city, is gfamous bronze equestrian statue of Peter the Great, weighting sixteen tons, and resting on a piece of units of nearly fifteen hundre tons. being t e largest block ever moved by art.

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The royal residences are so numerous that St. Petorsburg may be called the city of pala- ces.

Tris CANTON Rivr:s.—0f all the extraordinary scenes which can be witnessed, nothing can more surprising or astounding to a European, than the n pearance of Canton river ; for let him have trave led “far and wide,” nought can give him an idea of the scene but occular demonstration. Myriads of boats fioat on the waters, some voted to hsndicrsfimen of all descriptions; others to retailers o edibles, cooked and uncooked; boats laden with chests of tea piled one upon ano- ther, tier above tier, until the side of the boat, is level with the water's edge; mandarin boats forcing their wa authoritatively through the crowd; war jun s at anchor; while here and there is an European boat manned by sailors who give vent to their excited feelings by uttering sundry and divers ejaculations, not particularly complimentary to the good scamsnship of the natives,_or expressive of kindly feelin s towards t s lower boats, and others beonging to gnigans, vendors of food, peddlers, merchants, poultr and sand-pans, are wedged togotherte onosoid mass. sp arently impenetrable; while the air is fi|l_ed,au the ears stunned with the deafening sounds of gongs and wind instruments, diecoursing most unogrt y music, aoconipasii by the yelling, scrssmlng, gobbling, and clamor of hundreds of thousan hstnsn tongues. producing a hodge-pudgo of sounds, unrivalled and an uallsd since the building of the Tower ofBabs.E As isuo part of the world so densely populatodas Cbiss,.so there is no part of China so thickly as Canton; the piilation of the city of _eatos and its suburbs bring" estitua as above one t_aillion;aud the deniaons of the river, who habitually reside in “sal; boats, are said to exceed two ltusdrod thos- oa

this-son lnniiit Tllll1'ollls.—Il. y are that the East Indian ‘territories over w eh Great

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”r*..:.,‘*.‘3§."P.r" :t'§:i'-..:.."*-..:-.;..": of ass oofiod years, rsqflsglsnd did not aslsgls ssvevsigsty ts Iedlssesstsryss

Huanisns arm Wtvns is FnArtcs.—-A lins- and has generally nothing to do with the details of lmuscliold affairs ; he never liuya limm, plate 0|’ flfllltlli, tlltioh less pruvisiuus. 0 would be eternally Illllt‘.lIlOII who slit-old th nk of brltininu home a “ hit ..f deli" for tlintier. He lt ltsppt-sctl not to lniuw the price of any srtiole offilst tiecessiiv. In uenleul society he scarcely over lsnwnm whom his wife has ittvitul to tlitiggr until he sees his guests. The lady of the hind‘? overlooks evertthint_:—cven the dress of her husband, slit-.' buts his shirts, lite l‘lt\I'lII, his gloves: her taste presides over all.

A linrrtiitr or Rusrssrt liliaincaoits.-—Siicli a list as the follntt-tug account of ti ct-ntury cannot be prepared from the annals of any European kIngaluni,antl scarcelv petlispg [mm gn Agiuic monarchy in ordinary times :—- l7l8. Alexis son and heir of Peter tho Great, executed by order of his fuller.

I730. Peter the second, son of Alexia, ‘died luddenlyttleposed and murdered :' with him ends the male branch ofthe house of Rontanolf. ‘I740. lvati Antanovitch, an infant. succeeded his aunt Anna, in 1740. n .1 year he was deposed by his cousin. the Einprcss-Elizabeth. who confined him in various prisons. In 1754 he was made away with by Catherine the Second, urint: an insurrection.

I762 Peter the third murdered by his wife, the Em ress Catherine the Second.’

I aul, her son, murdered by a conspiracy

of his nobles. 1895. Alexander, supposed for a time to have been made away with by the conspiracy which broke out on his death ; but later discoveries- fmm Russian sources, ho\vever—-tliruw doubts on this rtimour.

‘ That is something like reigning !‘ exclaimed the youtltftil Louis the Fourteenth, in reference to the absolute power of the Turkish Sultan. ‘But. Sire, several of these Sultans have been strangled in my time,’ said an old noble, who dreaded the impressioti. Still Russia is super- eminent in the annals of despotism: every Emperor or male heir from Peter the Great to Alexander removed!

UNITED STATES. BOSTON. June 6.

BROOKLYN AND Nsw Yoiut Rio-rs.—'l‘he spirits of lawlesness seems to be rampant just now. Last Sunday Brooklyn it N. York cities were disgraced by fearful riots, and the ce an sanctity of the day utterly destroy by scenes of violence and blood. Street preaching so cal- led was the occasion, if not the cause, of these breaches of the Sabbath and of the eace. In Brooklyn, from all accounts the Iris were the aggreseors, though provoked to the aggression by the arrangements and procediuge of the street preaching party. The riot was violent and many persons were injured, but it does not appear that any one was actually killed; though the most rightful accounts of murdered persons were freeiy circulated through the city and country. About thirty persons were wounded by pistols, clubs, &c. and about 50 lrishmen were arrested.

In N. 1'. city Sunday was alsoa day of the most intense excitement. There was street

reaching and some skirmishing during the afternoon in diflierent places Durin the Dis- course in the Park about 4o’cloclt, w ere some 5000 persons were assembled, an alarm of fire was given, and multitudes imuiediately rushed towards the fire. This being extinguished, two engine companies, which had long cherished ill will towards each other, commenced a. fight This was quclled by the police, but was after- wards reuewed by the original parties, support- ed by several hundred partisans on either side. Thirty thousand people, it is said, lined the streets. and it required a strong police force to arrest the progress of the fight.

Monrsairr IN Nitw Yoitx.—Thcre were 415 deaths in New York city last week; whic were 150 more than in the corresponding week of 1853. Among the deaths there were twelve cases of cholera.

SHIPPING Isritatzs'rs.——A lar number of ves- sels are now at this port, considering the gene- ral demand for shipping, On Wednesday nearly 60 ships, exclusive of barques, lay at the wliarves of this city. At New York ti vast number of vessels have arrived within a week past. In four do s 120 square-rigged vessels

rom all parts 0 the world, many of them largest sized ships, arrived at that port. About 180 ships are now in that port. Nearly 200 sail of ships, barques and bri n are_ in the port of Boston. Freights, for botg lar and small vessels continue cod, and vesses are fitted away as soon as eymre discharged.

There is danger that the fine prospects of the wheat growers will be blasted by the Hessian ll , joint-worm, and other insects. The work ofdestruction has commenced in Virginia, and ruined wheat-fields have already been ploughed in, to plant with corn.

The San Francisco Herald recordrthe follow- ing extraordinary oircumstance ; a poor fellow who had been be in from door to door for a dollar to buy a itt e meal, two days after- wards, at Yankee Hill di ings so called, found a lump of pure gold weig tag 27 lbs. The nug- t lay about eighteen inches beneath the sur- es and had the appearance of having been in the fire, the outside being black and burnt; in shape it was Gggoadnngulsr and rather flat, value about 5 ,

The Washington correspondent of the New York Times states that there is reason to sus- ct that Russia will, are long, odor the United gfstes tempting bribes for its alliance, includ- ing a repeal of all duties on American ro- ducts imported into Russia, and the offering of liberal bounties on some important articles.

The underwriters of New York have resolved not to perfect insurance on any vessel carrying

tsct insurers against frequent losses, such as have recently oeoured, resulting from the shining of grain cargoes. This measure has been adopted as well for the better prevention of the loss of vessels, as for the preservation of lives. ’

The flying Clwd's Pours beaten by Heresy. 'l'he—N¢w orb ' league by telegraph from New Orleans, that the clipper ship Flying loudlias beaten herself, having made the pos- soge from that city to San Francisco in eighty- sight days. She had discharged ltor cargo of 900 tons of merchandise, and sailed again for China on the ninety-ninth do from leaving New York -—-a feat beyond anyt ing before accomplished.

* HORRORS OF’ THI GUANO TRADI‘.

We base received fall confirmation of the her- rors reported to be in the course of porpstrstioti in connection with the guano trade, at the Chi»- eha lastsnds. it is picked up and wltesled to the atiooin, It a pears, y contract. The contractor lies liiipcrt Oil for this work, nearly six

of whom are aew'oa these tales

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ltlrsdhlvoyaai mmuorsré psraa:'a‘n. ‘I'be;cetsosss's'i.vsrklatbe

grain in built. This measure is adopted to pro- 0},

int: as soon as they can see to work. 'I'lI0.V “"9 tit-o tons of guano to dig and whoel to is distance [pf orgy mipgiglith of a mill. ll tllll, nearly all,

n so hard that it has to be picked up; and if they

do not accomllliah these live lotto by 5 o'clock I’. M., they are flu-nixed _wtIli raw hide whips, some five feet long. receiving one dozen stripes, each of which starts the blood ; then they are driven hack to finish their work. The guano has a very bad elf-ct upon them. swelling their legs and arms and giving llIt:ll| trad sores on their legs. feet, and hands. Notwithstattditig all these. however, lftlioy can get alum: they are compelled lu finish their task. Our informzmt says have known as many as thirty flogged in one day. They have no Sunday allowed, with the exception ofoue in a year, the same work going on on Sun- day as during the rest of the week. The cuties-

uetice of this ill-treatment is suicide in various orms. surh as leaping from the rocks one hun- dred foet high, cutting their throats, antl burying themselves alive. This list has actually been the case, to my knowledge. One morning three were found who had so buried themselves; two were dead and one alive. The last recovered to pro- long his miserable existence for a short time. " It is time lll-ll the voice of civilisation throughout the world was heard in denunciation of such hor- rors as these.—-- New Orleans Picaune.

:1“

The New York Herald states that the treaty agreed upon by the Secretary of State and the llritish Minister, not only includes the adjustment of the fishery question. but also provides for reciprocity of trade with the North American Colonies. The principle is extended to all the natural products of each country, with the creep- tion ttfcoal. tubtaccu and sugar, and it is thought the first minted article will likewise be included. Great Britain has acqiiiesed in the terms, but with the iinpon.-mi proviso that the Colonies also agree to them.

By Telegraph to St. John, June 11th.

Pacific arrived at New York June ll. Silistria continued to hold out against Rus- sians. British frigatcs have bombarded and destroyed the advanced works of I-Isugo, Finland, on the Baltic. and Admiral Napier was preparing to attack the main fortifica- cstions_ of the place.

ii the Black Sea the allied fleets were blockading Sebastapol. Dates from China are to April l0th. March 10th imperialists iiinde an unsuccessful attempt to retake Shanaliai. The Insurgents were steadily marching to Pekin.

Bread stuffs, Market dull, with decline of Is. on flour 23. on men

NOV A SC 01‘ I A .

Tris rtasr Son 'ruiutso.—We understand the first sod of the Railroad was turned, near the Governor’s Farm. esterda morning, in the presence of His Excellency the Lieut. Gover- nor, the Railway Commissioners, and other per- sons of note and ‘influence in the community. A hundred labourers, a moiety of the one thou- sand required, wcrc at hand. Wheolbarrows, (ti pile of which we noticed on the evening re- viously turned upside down, at the " ig-

ings,”) Pickaxes, and Shovels, are now in motion. The thing was quietly done—no pa- rude or hurrah, and all the better for that.- Halrfar Sun.

The ‘fenders for grading the first 8} miles of the Provincial Railroad were opened on Tlitirsday, the eight instant. There was eonsiderable competition—-t.*..... were I2 tenders. The lowest was that of Messrs. Cameron, Fraser, Cameron and '|‘urnbull, ol' Pictou. and to them the worlt has been awarded. Our contemporary the Morning Chronicle says, “'the contractors engage to grade, that is to ctit down, and fill up and level 6 miles, 44 chains and ni_nety links—a little over six and a half miles—comrnencing at the Governor’s North Farm at Richmond and terminating near the Nine Mile River, at Piers’ Mill, and spread the whole with a foot of clean ballast ready for the sleepers, to be finished on the 8th day of October next, and delivered over to the om- niissiuners for ilie gross sum of 29,925, or at the rate of £3,527 r mile.

his contract covers all contingencies, such as masonry, carpenter work, bridging drsiniitg, culvert work, rock-cuttings. grubbings, &c., &c., and the whole is to be done in the most approved manner, with the most a roved materials, and to the entire satisfaction utfltlie Chief Engineer."

' e permanent way to be laid down upon it will consist of hscmatac sleepers ten feet long, ten inches wide, and five inches thick at the small end, lying at an average distance from each other of three feet, from centre. Upon which will be placed a heavy rail of 63 lbs. to the yard, or about 100 tons to the mile. Chairs correspond-

.tn . l‘he guage ofthe road being 6feet and s

half—ilie whole when completed, if not superior, being certainly not second to any road in America.

The Rails for the first ten miles have been purchased. and will be shipped early in the scnsnn. Theircost per ton delivered on board in Wales. is £7 l5s. stg., at6 months—leeo3 per cent for cash.

The June Term of the Supreme Court for this County closed its sittings hero on Thursday last. On that mornin the hail of the crew of the Fairy Queen was discharged by order of the Court, the indictment under which they were held for trial having been set aside b the Beach in Hallifsx, on account of the illega constructi- on of the Grand Jury, and there bein no wit- ness present at this term to give evi once on which a new Bill could be framed.—Pidou Cltronirle.

A Srra.utoas.—A neat little steamer made her appearance in our waters yesterday morning. S e is called the " Col. Fremont," is a Phi- lidol his built boot, and is on her way from St. ohn N. B. to the Miramichi river, where she is intended for a ferry-boat, to ply between atham and Newcastle. Having received a supply of coal she dad on her voyage

bo . he Col. lromorit has a high-pressure engine, is of about 60 tons regio- ter, and is pro lledclz a single paddle-wheel at the stern.— iaou ' .

[The col. firesiost visited this Harbour on Wed- Eesdsy, and sailed again on 'l‘bsreday.—En. tins.

as. ‘

Isnssnss Goon Fisuis.-The barque Sprin bolt, arrived at Boston on the 16th inst., rings Cape Town dates to the filth of March. 'l‘bo rs are filled with ac- counts of gold discoveries, and the whole extent of the sovereignty is said to be rich in gold. i be more eutifnl on the surface than is either Cali is. or Australia, Many parties are leavin Cape Town for the diggi s. Agatoa a other valuable stones are so found.

Taiitsrssascv or Oc ’as.—Coto- Inander Glynn of the nitbd so Navy,

I St t am. has tlirnialted the Atnericsn Sclotitlfio

d

ciatiou an interesting paper on this subject. The lowest depth at which objects are visi- ble from tho surface, under the most fav- ourable circumstances. he finds to be twen- ty live fathoms,or one hundred and fifty feet, and the temperature at that depth 89 de- grees Fabrenhcit. The peculiar trans ar- eucy of this spot (in the Pacific Ocean he attributes to its freedom from admixture with the comparatively turbid waters of the great rivers of the East and North-east of Asia, and partly to its high temperature.

ear Cape Hem the littiit of vision is about ten fatlioms—eixty feet.

Dsas-its irsois Joir.—U n the occasion of the recent announcement e a free discharge to the convicts in Newgate Prison, Dublin, under sentences of pens servitude. so overjoyed were four of them at the sudden intelligence, that they dropped dead.—-Sounder’: News ter

Vsaocirv or ‘fill Wmo.—Prof. Stoddard, in a lecture recently delivered on the hurricane, in Knox country, Ohio, stated that in one town a grove of oak trees was almost entirely blown down. The trunk of one of these trees was about three feet in diameter. Assuming, how- ever, its diameter to be but two and a half feet, a force of l47,000 pounds would be required to break it. 'l'he surface of the tree exposed to the action of the wind was about 1000 feet, which would give a pressure by the wind of 147 pounds per square foot, or a velocity of not less than l7l miles per hour. which is nearly one-fourth the initial velocity ofa cannon ball. Allowing the height of the hurricane. or whirlwind. to have been sixty feet, the whole force exerted at one time along its track was five thousand million pounds, or working power equal to more than half the steam power of the globe.