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‘ elation

once noun, THE. GUARDIAN

lurnlng Dally (Founded ll INT) Authorised in rlecunil Clan llall, Pant Ctfleo Department, Ottawa. The lolnnd Guardian Pnbllnhlnl 0e. “Qslltor and lhmoglug Dlroetar. J. s. Burnt"

Aseoefale Editor, Irlnh Wnllree

fThe Strongest Memory is Weaker Than the Weakest lnk."

UIABLUTTITOWN. TUESDAY. JULY 27. 194B

Tho Vote lnlowloundland

With final results frpm all but three dis- tricts, including Labrador, the Newfoundland referendum showed 77,295 in favor of Confed- and 7l,374 for Responsible Govern- ment. As feared and anticipated, the vote is close—about 5l.9 per cent being in favour of union with. Cllflfldd-

"Baby bonuses" and old age pensions were said to be drawing cards in the Confederate campaign. But there were other inducements, which to these Maritime Provinces at least seem to have been pretty generous. Canada under- took to absorb 63 millions of Newfoundland’: national debt of 78 million dollars, at the same time taking over such resources as the Newfoundland railway, ‘communication system, Gander airport, steamship service and broad- casting corporation. lt undertook to provide a total of $6,200,000 annually by way of spe- cial subsidies and rental sums for certain tax- ation fields ceded to the Dominion. Old age pensions, children's allowances, unemployment insurance and other social security measures would be extended to benefit the colony's popu- lation. ln return Newfoundland would, among other things, abandon most of its present rev- enue producing measures which bring in 3S to 40 million dollars annually. Its new provincial status would, however, permit it ta raise about three millions in revenue, mainly from customs and excise duties.

Prime Minister Mackenzie King recently stated that this country would only initiate act- ion toward a Canada-Newfoundland union if a decisive majority was registered in its favor. As usual, Mr. King's words are capable of dif- ferent- interpretations, and it remains to be seen how he purposes to measure the term "de- cisive" in this» case.

Meanwhile the Prime Minister has appar- ently decided to ignore the protest of Premier Macdonald of Nova Scotia, to the effect that Canada's nine Provinces should be consulted before Newfoundland is brought into Confed- eration. The British North America Act, as well as the inter-provincial compact to which the Act gives effect, defines certain terms and conditions under which Newfoundland may be admitted. The offers emanating from Ottawa indicate that the Dominion Government has changed some of these terms and conditions withoutthe consent of the Provinces. This is not ‘just an academic question, as the validity of documentary agreements is essential to the maintenance of our provincial rights and priv- ileges. Our local and Federal representatives have need to be constantly on the alert to guard against encroachments in this field, which is the only place in which we can hope ta fight successfully against domination by the bigger Provinces.

pollege Exams

Prince of Wales College is not the only institution of learning with regard to which com- plainls are heard from time to time about the alleged excessive number of students "pluck- ed." At present there is a row over examina- tions at Osgoode Hall, Ontario's law school, where 87 out of 323 trying first year exams were flunked. According ta-the Financial Post, there has been much wailing in some quarters that the exams were too tough, the marking too hard.

The Post cannot see what the furore is all about. Educational people do their students, the parents of students and the whole commun- ity no good service, it maintains, when they have weak and pliable examination standards. To the argument that examinations are not a fair test of a student's ability, it replies:

"Whatever value they have, examinations do three things which are vital lessons for life. They,impose discipline of mind and body, some- thing of which humanity is notoriously short. They teach wise--or profitable—apportionment of time. They train young peoPlfi in meeting crises. From birth to death, man's personal and business life is a series of crises, a series of major events calling for his maximum of "energy, perception, judgment end wisdom: The business of learning how to pass examinations of any kind is mighty useful training for the business of livng and mak-ing a living."

Great Telescopes

Britain's Royal Observatory, when it gets settled in its new home at Hurstmonceux Castle in Sussex, is eventually to possess a super in- strument for the conduct of its observations. As e memorial to the great Sit lsaac Newton, a hundred inch reflector is to be installed. It is likely to be some years before it gets there, for these things take time to produce.

to now the most ambitious project of

the kind baldhgs to America, in the two hun- dred inch instrument through which the heavens ‘will be surveyed on Mount Balomar in Cali- Iornla. The war held up the production of. that “ggtqpt, but lt has been over ten year: in con-

“I Immpnsa amount of scientific knowl-

410M mechanical genius ls needed to pro- v ell instrument. The work of pro- ‘telescope-ond the great disc for ~ will bfdone in Britain. It is ' lo be enpected that America If tlsfled with their two hun- they are already debating i!‘ 0f. ill!"

\

— EDITORIAL NOTES -

i.-

The Governor-General in

x

residence. a _.

well as at the beaches. Likewise in the air. i O t

W

it should be, for the future of our great and growing country is at stake. I I i‘ W

This was supposed to be Canada's cen- tury but it is almost half over and we are still a long way behind the United States in popu- lotion and in wealth. If Australia's ambitious plans go through we will soon be behind her

also.

i‘ I I I‘

The Regional Employment Commission has offered Islanders good advice for maintaining employment and wages at a satisfactory level. New industries such as the production of building material are essential if the Island,

is to be a place where one can make a living.

wean

"G. l. S." has made a specialty of saying things which arouse the wrath of his audience but this time he may have gone too far. In saying that people ought to stop using soap on their faces Shaw will have the moth- ers of the world down on him like the pro-

verbial ton of bricks. R

i‘ Ir I

Before national conventions became popu- lar it was the members of Parliament who sel- ected their respective leaders. Such a proceed- ing would hardly be acceptable today but it is still necessary for a party to select a leader who' can command the loyalty of his fellow imem-

bers.

I I

The Province is entitled to 35 delegates and l8 olernatives at the forthcoming Liberal Convention at Ottawa, viz., 4 M.P.'s or can- didates, 3 Senators, 9 Provincial representa- tives, l National and Provincial President, 3 women Liberals, 3 Young Liberals, (6 altern- ates). The election of Leader takes place Sat- urday, August 7.’ ' '

I I O I

I I

Hilloire Belloc, English poet and mjscel- loneous writer. His work consists of poems, satirical novels and books of travel. Was a keen student of military affairs, and before Great War l'predicted that the Germans would disregard treaty rights and attack France through Belgium: When l am dead, I hope it may be said: His sins were scarlet, but his books were read."

According to MacLean's Magazine, a gum of $200,000 was promised in Montreal to pro- vide a frlnd for a pension for Mr. Bracken on his retirement from the Conservative leadership. Alternately it was arranged to give him dir- ectorates that would provide the equivalent in fees. _ This IS what Hon. James ‘Gardiner w; yliaferring to when he declared in Halifax that sometimes even it is arranged for you (a lead- er) to retire before you know it."

* l‘ * i

It was with considerable satisfaction old Rover Sea Scouts learned of the success of the snipe "The Four Bells" at Shediac Regatta. Skipper Martin musthove been especially well pleased, for it was while he was in charge of the Rovers that the snipe was built one winter in the basement of the Kirk. lt afforded profit- able and enjoyableupastime for the seventeen Rovers, all of whom subsequently enlisted "for

the duration."

Q i i I

Those who predict a continuing large vol- ume of total production and distribution for the remainder of this year, or longer, b their conclusions largely on unflagging de and for capital goods, reports The Wall Street Journal. Among the basic industries, many manufacturers have persuaded themselves that the volume of their sales is not going to be rash-med in the near future by consumer resistance to higher prices. They reason that expenditures on the European Recovery Plan, the volume of public works now being financed, the enlarge- ment of industrial plants and public service facilities now going on or being planned, will mpintain the general purchasing power indef- initely. . I W

After the political fight in Newfoundland, the disputants are now concentrating on the problem-how much,_and for how little, can they get out of their proposed new relations with Canada? This certainly is the time to settle thIe issue. It is said the big interests in St. Johns swung to the support of Con-federa- tion at the last moment because of hints from London that. in the event of responsible gov- ernment_ failing to make ends meet, as it did before, it would be hopeless for the colony to look to the Mother Country for financial relief. It was therefore a case of no alternative. New- foundland has comparatively little to offer in the wpynaf trade to Canada, but has great potentiolues rn Labrador with which to utilize in Confederation bargaining.

I I i i

\- a

Tomorrow the Province of Quebec goes to the polls after six weeks of hard, vituperative campaigning. The Duplessis Party has been vigorously attacked in every constituency by the Opposition Liberals led by Mr. Godbout. For the first time the Federal Liberals have thrown their lot in the campaign with the Pro- vincial, and leading lights from Ottawa, in- cluding Hon. Louis St. Laurent, have been speaking at various meetings. The principal platform help Mr. Duplsssis has been able to secure has been Mayor Comillen Houde of

Montreal, who sways tremendous influence in that City and environs.

t. .

Unexpected death lurks on the roads as

Active interest is now being evinced by’ the rank- and-file of the two major political z parties in the selection of leaders. This is as

in addition to being a pleasant place to live in, I

..s_ --_. _

rue GUARDIAN. Cl-lAliLUFrETOWN

laser's A none rm 1o oosron- ,Au. unusss

l l l

MAIWEWS-Wtttf coiuvr A CONTRAST 7Q. YOU! l

we soowus our tsrccnno are ‘mines or You. we'll: MEETING ‘lb HANDLE YOU

cousin! .

-_e_~_-_~;7-_~;.-__.... >-¢4 ‘_. t

Communism Versu_s National Sovereignty In Eastern Europe

(by W. N. Ewes‘) The Cominfornrs excommunica-

tfon of Marshal Tim and his colleagues and its call to Yugoslav Communists to

revolt end remove their present leaders opens up a conflict decisive for the future of Eastern Europe.

There hes. ever since the war and the creation of the Sovmt Block. been a deep contradiction bet-ween avowed Soviet pollcy an’! avowed Communist. doctrine.

The Soviet. Government. has a- gain and again protested its be- , lief in national independence and national sovereignty. At. Yalta. fr. solemnly affirmed "the right of all peoples to choose the farm 0r. government under which they live." And in all the controversy about. the Marshall Plan, the reiterated Soviet. thesis has been that. Russia was the champion of the sovereign rights and sovereign independence of the smaller countries of Europe.

It is laid down in the declara- tion issued last. eutumrr-when the Comlnfonm was founded than “the Communist. parties must take into their hands the defence of the national independence and sover- eignty of their own countries."

Yet. at the same time it. has been the Communist. doctrine the; every Communist must on every issue follow the "correct line." And on every issue the "correct line" is the line laid down by Stalin. For orthodox Communism ls "Sta- linism". The two terms are 1n- terchangenble. And to disagree with Stalin is- by this very def.- nitian-o. heresy against: Stallnlsm.

O O O

so the heed of any Communist- controlled governmepl; 1s. since his state ls "sovereign and incl:- pendenr)‘. fully entitled to act fr.- dependenlly. of and even confrary to the wishes of Joseph Stalin, a1. head of the Soviet. Government. But if he does so he is. as a. Conr- munist. guilty of heresy against Joseph stelln. the supreme and ui- timate law-giver and decider of Communist orthodoxy and Com- munist truth.

Until now the contradiction has been resolved simply enough. Cmr. munist. leaders have used thou freedom tn faithful obedleficc so the wishes of the Kremlin. They have voluntarily embraced servi- tude in the full exercise of she-fr "sovereignty and independence.”

But. sooner or later a clash was sure lo ccrne, And ft has come ..1 Yugoslavia. Marshal Tito, temper- amentally the most. self-assertive and the least. inclined lo subser- vience of all Communist chfefs— and the only one who does not owe his position to Moscow —lias dar- ed to disagree with Stalin. He has refused to accept "advlce” or i; obey orders. He has acted as if Yugoslav independence were n re- allty.

O

The Comlnform communique is vague and deliberately confusing we to the real Issues which brought the rupture. Almost certainly Tfoc‘! project for u. great Balkan Federa- tion under his own leadership was one. Very probably his desire -a.c- tated by Yugoslavia‘; urgent needs . -for closer economlmreletfons vrlth the "capitalist world“ was nnorhcr. Tito has. an old grievance about what. he regarded as Russieshe- trayel. in 1946. of the Yugoslav claim to annex Trieste.

But all this is of minpr import- ance. The essential fact. is shat. Marshal Tito. l Communist Pre- mler. has revolted against. the control of Moscow. It is. in Corn- munlst. eyes. an act. of sch ens‘ heresy. Excomrnunfcntlon the logical sequel

Now. equally lozloelly. the met. fer must. be handed over to the secular power. The Cornlnform cells upon all “healthy Commun- ists" in Yuyoslnvln to remove the Marshal from power. lut. ouch u: attempt. has not the least. chance of success gnlesrbeolea try the armed power of the Bovlet Union -efther in callus or menacing‘; visible.

O O O

And so the Picture takes rte true character. The Comfnfam’: role is incidental --e more teouesl episode. The reef conflict to be tween the Soviet. Government eaf the Yugosfew Government. ‘Ilse pool issue ll whether the Yugoslav Government een retain any shred of "national independence and sov- minlsv" or nun fa all ftp 3&-

e o

EABLIEST WINDOW

Because my earliest window faced the north,

I knew Polaris as a guiding star.

The Greet Beer e/nd she Little

Bea: came forth

And Perseus, curving

' miter,

Stood by to save Andromeda. The night

Recurring broulht the peeeentry

anew; And I. the child. felt ever-fresh deligh

like a soi-

l. Nor sensed there might. be stars beyond my view. Noe dreamed that. other eyes look-

The Southern stars that. burned

In ujsfendor, though they bore no name for me.

On for horizons I had never learned.

How khnll we ever speak. with common tongue Who followed different stars when we were young!

—B. Y. Williams ln The chi-mien ‘ Science Monitor.

g Old Charlottetown; (And r. p. u

emu worm non nu.

“They export live slock- of all

kinds, grain and potatoes, to New; foundlend; and Bram. 9°?“ “Ed potatoes to Mlramichl, and grain and potatoes to Hallfax...The Islanders enjoy a Pflvlllti! which many of the labouring classes at home cannot at; present. obtain; they may all be employed in cultlvallnfl the around: and the ground, I have heard it said. l! so greetful that no men ever yet bestowed prudent. labour "W" ll but. it repaid him for his toll... If, instead of going n-flshlns. rawung or making timber. they were to repair to the shores to collect. kelp and tea-weed, to the mussel-beds for whet. they call mussel-mud, or to the woods l0 Bother ferns to rot them down to manure, and to the sides of their marshes, _ta throw up compost hills, ln all these ways they might provide good manure for their land." —Lett.ers descriptive bf Prlrtce Edward Island by Walter John- elone. 1820-21. '_. ' ales, internal and external. oocy unauestfonlngly whatever orders -‘ received from Moscow.

Whatever the upshot. of the con- flfct-bven 1f ll. were swiftly subat- ed by a Yugoslav cspitulscion - the disturbing effect. upon men's minds in all the satellite countries must. be profound. For the issue has been openly posed. Russia's elelm to exert. absolute control u! to exact. blind obedience from all satellite countries. from elf Corn- munlst-controlled countries. has been nakedly revealed.

And 1n countries outside the 5o- viet. sphere of influence the rea- son is equally ploln_ Both Com- rnunfals and “fellow ' travellers" can have no more illusions. "Sta.- lrrfsm" is not a form of socialism: ft. is not. on economic or‘ p.‘1t.o- sophlcel creed. !t.~is the acceptance. whether by en individual or ay e Government, of complete eubmlo slon ta the orders of Moscow — whet/ever they may be —ep e first and paramount duty.

The Comlnform has done e erect publlo service In etzlpptal sway ldeoloeicel illusions and rnekrul that. stark end simple fact can beyond the pbeetbilfty as misunder- ltendlna. _

ALIIITA PflODUOIl IJII l ' GOAL

-_-i-_-

IIDIIONNN — (cm-con pro- duction fn Alberto for the four months ending A 80, totalled 2.240.247 may, a dr -of 471.69 tone’ for the some period In 1947.

an-Apttf, output increased Q40‘! to 7005i lbfll. WIA’! A HINDI-I

Impress Josephine" of Irena was born Mario IMO Josephine

‘laminae-seamen

1 r-

t-eqf‘ ‘ .

.-

From ArizonekTo The Maritime: Motor

(By lben leek liar-ray)

(Concluded frcrn yesterday)

I ‘Although our way serous Norah Caroline seemed a continuation of mountains. it.‘ his been rendered exceptionally scenic" by the Blue Ridge Parkway which follows ..he crest of one of thereon; of the Blue Ridge Mountains. This sped has little voles alternating with summits that afford panor- amic views of surpassing beauty. There fl also the additional feat- ure of e super-abundance of, purple rhododendron» growing in gorgeous

the highway. In old Virginie our highway cer-

lts varied topography While

as rich in natural scenery es geogrbphfcel interest. The Shenan- doah Valley is repuiod one of the finest farming regions la the er.- tfre country. Towering above along the Blue Ridge Mountains ls the Shenandoah National through which runs the Skyline Drive. dotted at. intervals wlhh Lookout Points that furnish vlewrl comparable with those already

ones sees among its other indus- tries many large orchards. since Virginie has become one of the leading apple producing some . Several historical places well worth the attention of travelers are omit.- ted here, because they belong 1n the category of our-former ooare but we cannot. refrain from men. tfon of our recent side trip to Monticello. the home of ‘Ilhomae Jefferson. that. commends a fine view la ell directions. with its spacious and well kept. grounds and great. varlcoy of relics of that. ingenious ind versatile man. this historical nun- slon is both fascinating and tr.- splrlrig. , O O O

After spending a few days in Washington, D. C., we proceeded northward. first. through Baltimore. thence over one of the routes far- ther inland in order to bypass one large cities of the northeast. ‘Near Peekskfll. N. Y. we crossed Li! Hudson River on the Bear Moan-- lain Bridge. Then following the east side of that river for e short distance we reached Hyde Perk. This little town has e history of its own, but. chiefly what hes ren- dered lts name familiar in recent. years is the fact. that. eddecem to it. ls the Roosevelt Home. I-fere the fete r1 esident. was accustomed to spend ishort periods of relau- tlon- away from Washington.

The estate here contains both the residence long tn the possession of the Roosevelt family and the L:- brsry more recently established. It is mostly around the letter interest of the thousands of vial. tors is centered. Briefly summarie- ed the Library had its ‘ epuon when Roosevelt offered 16 ec.-es from his estate here to the Gov- ernment. for the purpose of pre-

“n!

merits end official , that. accumulated during his term of office. C _ accepted

n".