.THE ED UCA TIONAL HORIZON -

vnssanrmo NEWS AND VIEWS or lN'l'EREST T0 reacnrzus AND 'Al.i. ornl-ms” sesame

IMPROVEMENT

IN EDUCATION

As the school year is very near its close. and as many pupils will soon be writing the matriculation ueminetfane, this will be last muse of the Educational Horizon for this term.

our main thought throughout me year has been to give the xachers and pupils as much help ind service as possible. We have tried to provide material which has dealt with many of the pro- bicms facing our teaching body and having a direct bearing upon ahe people of this province.

We are grateful t. the publish- ers. correspondents and all others who helped and encouraged us in our efforts. We can again report the very finest co-operation where- ever co-operative effort was need- ed. '

To our teacher readers we hope your summer vacation will come up to your expectations in every respect and provide you with the rest and relaxation which are so essential to the best work when on duty.

BAUXITE

out of bauxite. I kind of clay. found in United States, France, and British Guiana. the chemist l”.ls made aluminum. It is one of the most important metals for iinrtime uses. Aluminum alloy is almost as strong as grades of steel. yet with one-third the weight of steel, which makes it fine for atr- planes. More than 60 pt cent at

the net weight of an airplane is aluminum alloy. In France it is found at Les Baux. 3.2:. France. Antrim. U58. A.. W. Indies, and elsewhere. From it aluminum is ex- tracted in the very high tempera- tures available in electric furnaces at Niagara Falls, l..'Argentlne (France), Kiniochieven (Scotland).

conrrsoivr-5 .

Ill 1919 a new remedy was found (lint offers hope for arthritics.

This new remedy is cortisone and is a substance produced by the adrenal glands-glands foiuid in man and animals. Very little corti- some can be manufactured by chemists at the present time, how- cicr. and there is by no means hlloilgh for those who need it. Its use is restricted now to.hospitals mil clinics, Forty head of cattle

for one patient. The production of cortisone requires thirty-seven operations. This process is the most elaborate and oomplicated

chemical synthesis known to science.

Scientists hope ow, however. that it may be p sible to make

cortisone from an African plant called Strophenthus. it takes five years for the plant to bear seeds. and it is from these seeds that

must be slaughtered to provide '3llOilZll cortisone for one daily dose

cortisone might possibly be made. 8. 0. K.

THE VALUE OF CROP ROTATION

1. It maintains the humus sup- ply by means of a grass crop.

2. It restores nitrogen by the crowing of legumes. The supply of nitrogen in the soil can be main- tained by growing legume crop once in four years.

3. it alternates crops having dif- ferent root systems and habits of

from different soil levels rather than only one.

4. It helps to control weeds. fungus diseases and insects. Sum- mer fallow and intertilled orofis are very effective in controilins weeds. Many fungi and insects attack only one kind of crop. End by change of crop they are con-

growth, so that plant food is taken

trolled.

MATCHING GAME ,

Copy the first name in the list No 1. After it write the correct rxiilzination from list No II.

No. I 1. Tundra. 2. Ci-ulids, I. sarnpans, 4. Mob. 5. Boomerang, 0. las- mania. 7. Blackfellcws. 0. Darwin. 9. station, 10. Capra, ll. Latex. 12 Maliiys.

No. If

i. A weapon of wood shsiwd like a new upooil. 2. The people of Java and other near-by islands. 3.

QUIZ (Know

1. In whit large city of the United Statescen you stand on lhe river bank and look south into Canada?

2. where can a men have his foot in four states at once?

3. The centre of what river bed is a state line.

A flat stretch of land aovered with bogs and marshes in summer and snow and ice in winter. 4. Natives of Australia. s. The milky sap of the rubber tree. 6. Group! 0' people who worked together for the good of everyone in the group. 7. Another name for house- boats. 0. A city in Australia. 9. An island off the coast of Australia. 10. The name used in Australia for a herd of cattle. ii. The dried meat of the coconut. 12. Anothc: name for a ranch.

Your States)

5. What state has the longest coast line?

0. How many of the Great Lakes lie entirely within the confines of the United States?

7. What two states are tied in having the most bordering states?

8. In what state do you find the

4. Name three state capitals that just missed getting into other states.

geographic centre of North America?

CANADA

Canada leads the world. in the productions of nickel, asbestos. platinum and radium. ranks sec- und in gold, in copper. (imported ore), zinc. and molybdenum. third in cooper. lead. magnesium and arsenic. and fourth in silver. it is the leading nation in the export of base metals. Min- ing is carried on in every pro- vince except P. E. 1. Ontario leads bv producing over 40 per cent of the total mineral production of the Dominion. Quebec holds sec- ond place.

Newfoundlanfrs forests of bai- som. fir and spruce. raw materials for pulp and paper mills are in the river valleys and along the coast.

cellophane was first manufac- tured in Canada in 1932, at sha- winigan Falls in Quebec.

The largev; sardine-herring canning industry in the British Commonwealth is situated at

ada's East coast is the world's largest lobster fishery, Practically the world's supply 01 Cmmd lobster is produced in the Atlantic Coast provinces. At Steveston. B. c.. is one of the largest salmon cannerles in the world, and at Prince R-D9915 15 the world's largest cold storage fish plant. Canada is the world's greatest maker of newsprint-that is the paper on which nowspa-PCT 13 printed. Canada has the world's sec- ond largest hydro-electric system. The Saguenay River ship-Shaw Plimt and the St. Lawrence River Beauharnois Plant are the largest of the developments in Canada. The Province of British colum- bia leads in production of lumber for construction plli'pOS'-H. followed by Quebec and Ontario. The Province of Quebec leads in paper production.

Blacks Harbour. N.B., On Can-

PAPER. MAKING

unnaua has all the things nec- essary for making pcper. They are as follows:

1. Wood. Paper is made from wn:irl and Canada is a land of lDl'('iii.S. one and a quarter million Itluare miles of Canada are forest- 0d.. of which over 800.000 square miles are productive. Of the pro- ductive, 435,000 square miles are within the'reech of Canadian in- dllstry to-day.

2. Power. The falls and rapids of Canada's great rivers supply power needed to run the turbines that make electric power. The Dlup and paper industry is the largest user of hydro-electric power in Canada.

3. Water Waterways are needed to flee! logs to mills. and in the mills themselves large quantities of water are used. As much as M ions of water may be used to make one ton of paper. Canada is

rich in waterways.

4. Markets. Canada is next door to the greatest pulp and paper buying country in the world. the United States.

5. Men. Canada has men of the ability and the training necessary to carry out all the Jobs in the changing of wood into paper. In this rapidly expanding industry more and more men are needed. These men Canada can and will provide.

'I'he pulp and paper industry has grdwn to great importance in Canada because she has all of these factors; forests. river routes. water power. mills and machines, men, and markets.

Most important are the forests. Before we can have paper. "995 of the forest must be cut down and taken to the mill. This is easy to say. but. to-carry it out, much planning and work have lo be . done.

OURRENTEVENTS

lldeutanent-Governor of Al-

Tbe first president of India ll nsiendo Presad.

French Minister of Portllll M- felrl II Robert Bchuman.

mdia'a Ambassador to the Unit-. all states il Vii!!! Iaklhm

Pendit csnada'e Ambassador to United States is H. 1!. Wrong. v "ml

Oenedas o9l'i'Imll0i0Ml' to intent is Dane Vlilnees. The Riet Keefer General of

canals fl Ron. OJ. liafret. Canada's etsuiie plant

mall Rivl. Ontario The tion

DI

no population of States in estimated to be isonoi.

000. ,

The total area of Canada is 3.842.410 square miles.

area of the United states (including Alaska) is 8,608.19! lauere miles.

The live of nlrope is 3,116,100 Square miles.

The winner of the Nobel Physics Prize of rim is Dr. Hidekl Yukawa. .

The Prime Minister of Greece is Nicholas Plsstires.

The leader of the United Mine workers of America is John 1. Lewis.

Prime Minister of India is Jaw- aliarlai Nehru.

Minister of Resources and De- Velopment (Canada) is Hon. R. H. Winters.

Minister of Citlzenshi, and Im. migration (Canada) is l-ion. Wal- ter Harris.

Minister of External Affairs. Canada. is Hon. Lester Pearson.

Britain's Foreign Minister is Hon. Ernest Bevin.

The Canadian High Commis- sioner to Australia is Maj.-Gen.

The largest and richest iron-ore deposit in the history of the world has been discovered in Venezuela. The lode is said to contain over is billion tone. This mountain of ore. known as Geno Bolivar. juts upward 2,000 feet from a great surrounding area of grasslands. the mountain is visible for a great distance.

The discovery pruenfs massive construction problems in order to get use of the ore, A decision is expected soon on whether to transport the are via the Orinoco River or by railroad to shipping points. The former plan would in- volve dredsins 46.000900 cubic yards of river bottom to open a cnnnnel 110 miles upstream to a rail leading tenninel. The option

one vitamin that does not have a letter symbol is nisoin, which is really nlcotin acid. Niecir. a member of the complex, is im- portant in the use of sugar and starch in our bodies. The best food sources include liver, yeast, bran and lean meats, fish and poultry.

Although vitamin D is very im- poriant to man's health. there are only a few of our foods that sup- ply it. Small amounts are pru- sent in eggs. herring. sardines, tuna. salmon. and very small amounts in butter. The only ricii natural sources are to be found in the livers and certain other organs of fish. and in the livers of animals that feed on fish. Very

The coldest place on earth in- hablted by man is Verlrhoyavisk above the Arctic circle. in North- eastern Siberia. The thermometer there drops to 90 degrees below zero in January. but lometim-:3 rises to 88 degrees above zero in the shade in July. dropplnli how- ever, to the freezing point on the warmest summer nights.

MATCH THE

1. The mosquito that carries the germ of malaria.

2. Anything which removes the heirs from the skin.

3. The part of the intestine lm- rnediately below the stomach.

4. A chemical. which, when acted on by ultra-violet, rays. provides vitamin D.

5. The part of the blood plasma which forms fibres to assist in checking bleeding.

in the pancreas. which produce insulin.

8. A vitamin of the B group.

9. An eye specialist who exam- Ines eyes and prescribes glasses.

10. A place where two nerve end- inga come together.

11. Introduced chloroform as an anaesthetic.

12. The first man to learn about stomach digestion by direct ob- servation and experiment.

13, The man who taught the world the art of vaccination and made possible the conquest of smallpox.

M. Discoverer of Radium.

15. He made the famous discov- ery of X-rays.

or adults, only. have wings. Once an Insect has developed its wings there is no further growth and no more monit- irig. Little flies never grow into big ones. All growth. therefore, take. place during the immature stages.

Immature insects often differ greatly in appearance and in he- bits from the mature insect. The change they must undergo dur- ing maturation is called metamor- phosis. Accordingly to the amount of change that takes place the species can be placed into two groups as follows:

(1) Incomplete meiernorph The immature insect. or rwmph is very similar in shape. and usually in habits. to the adult except that it is smaller and has no wins. it is active from the urns it escapes from the In until It is mature. There are three stage; in its de-

Mature infects,

l veiopment: ell. nymph. and adult.

Grasshoppers and dragonflies are examples of insects in this group. (Crickets and bugs).

2. Comping phoeis. The structures. and usually the hebzu. of the immature insect. or larva. are so different from those of the adult that it is usually imwnlblc

IRON

NIACIN -

VITAMIN!)

HOTTEST, COLDEST. WETTEST, DRIEST

8. Having foul or offensive yellow fever. breath. 21. A substance that gives colour. 7. Minute group; of cells found (a) Synapse.

MEIAMORPHOSIS

I OIIAIAOIIIISTIOS OF BEEF CATTLE

The beef breads rim certain cattle. general feature. which mark them as distinctly different from dairy llcep. broad

L. R. La Fhche.

The Prime Minister tralia is Robert Menzies,

The Prime Minister of New Zea- lend is Sidney Holland.

The Prime Minister of Jerpen is Shlleru Yoshlda.

The Lieutenant Governor Saskatchewan is J. M, Utu-ich,

An Ambassador is a minister of the highest rank sent to a foreign capital to represent his country there.

He has the right to a personal interview with the sovereign or chief magistrate of the country in which he resides.

A High Commissioner is the re- presentative of one country, slag- ioned in another. It has bem...g restricted to the chief representa. tive of a member of the British Commonwealth, stationed in Bri- tain or to the chief representative stationed in one of Dominlons.

An Embassy is the official re- sidence of an ambassador, and is Bleo applied to the. Ambassador and the body of. deputies that make up the Ambassador's staff,

of Aus-

of

is a 274 mile, :ioo,aoo,ooo railroad to deep tidewater at Puerto de la Cruz near Barcelona.

New Delhi: Prime Minister oi India and Pakistan reached an agreement to halt warfare be- tween Hindus and Moslems. They have agreed on a. bill of rights for minorities and will permit free movement of population between India and Pakistan. W. A.

on April lath, 1919 the Eire be- came the compiet', iridepenueni, Republic of Ireland.

The President of the Philip- Dlnes is President Quirino.

India Prime Minister Nehru visited Washington on .occ, 11, 1949. .

The first President of Israel is Dr Chaim Weizmann.

Peanuts and whole wheat and en- riched white bread and cereals give considerable mounts of this vitamin, too. Without meat, dried Yent. bran or vitamin pills. how- ever, the body does not get enough niacin from peanuts, bread and cereals.

important quantities of vitamin D2 are obtained commercially by ex- posing ergosterol. obtained from yeast. to the effects of ultraviolet light. Sunlight sets up a. process in both animals and certain plant: that produces vitamin D. For lhis reason. this vitamin, which is so important to health. is some- times called the "sunshine vitri-

min." B.O.K.

The hottest place in the world is the interior of the great Sahara Desert in Africa, where the ther- mometer rises to 122 dezrees.

The wettest place is Greytown, Nicaragua. where the mean 51.1- nunl rainfall is 260 inches.

The place of least rain is Part Nolloih in South Africa. where less than an inch sometimes fails in 1! year.

FOLLOWING

16. The man who first used ether as an anaesthetic.

17. The first to use Pasteur-'3 dis- covery to prevent infection in sur- gery.

18. Discovered nitrous oxide.

19. The man who proved that germs may cause disease. and in- fccilon. as well as spoilage of food.

20. He discovered that the mo:.- quito was a carrier of the disease,

(bl Dr. W. Morton.

(c) Madame Curie.

(dl Duodenum.

(2) Edward Jenner.

(fl Sir James Slmpsoi (gl Dr. W. Beaumont. (h) Lord Lister.

(1) Joseph Priestly.

(ii Dr. Reed.-

(kl Halitosis.

(l) W. Konrad Roentgen (mi Pigment.

(rl) Louis Pasteur.

(oi Anopheles.

(-pl Niacin.

(q) Fibrlnogen.

(r) islands of Langerhans. (sl Optometrist.

(ti Ergosteroi.

(u) Depllatories.

lo recoknize lhet they really me the same insert. The transforma- tion of a larva into an adult is so great that it can take place only if the lnrect ie in an almost in- active condition. This necessitates an additional. or pupal, stage in the development of these insects. The four stages are: egg, larva, pups. and adult. Butterflies, moths and files are examples of insects pf )fhle group. (Bees. weeps. beet- es .

since in the pupal stage they are V"! helpless the larvae of many insects spin around themselves a solid felting of silk before they pupaie. This is known as a cocoon. and it must not be confused with the pupa which is inside it.

when an insect has developed from the egg stage through the growing stage and has become an adult that is ready to lay eut it has completed its life cycle.

The majority of insects have one rrcnorafion a year: others. such as the house-fly. may have ten or mm-o generations in a year. A few epr('if'!. of which the wire-worms and while grub: are cxamplrs. rc- qulre about four years to compi-re their life cycle. willie the cicada requires seventeen years.

Dear-ance they must be thick and biocky. end the conformation should be rectangular. Additional characteristics of the beef type are:

(1) Large muzzle with big, op:-ii nostrils; (2) plenty of width be- tween the eyes; (3) a prominent! but placid eye: (4) short neck with well-filled neck-vein; (5) smooth shoulders. well covered with flesh;

a good constitution; (7) good spring of ribs to provide a large feed capacity: (8) loin wide and heavily covered with flesh; V9) thick through the thighs and low in the twist with meat carried

well down to the hooks; (10) f. e ln the bone. yet strong and iar.':.'.- enough to carry the animal easily when in high condition of flesh.

This Department is con- llueted by the Prince Edward friend Teecbere' Federation. Contributions are welcomed and should be addressed to Miller Meeliedyen. 8 L2 Fel- ling St.. Charlottetown.

Brigadier Coke To Visit Here

Brigadier W. L. Coke, 0.B.E.. Director General of Medical Scr- vices for the Canadian Army is slated to arrive in the Maritimes on June 11 for an extensive toil-: of R.C.A.M.C. units and estab- lishments throughout Eastern Army Command, Major General l-I.W. Foster. C. B. E.. D.S.O., command chief, said here yester- day.

One of Canada's outstanding mi!- itary medical mcn. Brig. Coke will survey existing facilities in both active and reserve units for peace- time tralning of medical corps per- sonnel and care of active force personnel.

As a. part of his tour, he is scheduled to attend the sist an- nual meeting of the Canadian Mdlical Association in Halifax from June 19 to 23 where he will present military aspects of the profession.

Lt.-Col. R.'B. Murray, Eastern Command medical officer. will ac- company Brlg. Coke throughout the Maritirnes and will serve as secre- tary to the section of the armed forces during the association meet- ing.

Lt.Col. S.W. Cavender. United States Anny medical liaison officer will join the group in Moncion. N.B.. on June 14 and proceed with them to Prince Edward Island. Nova. Scotia and Newfoundland.

During the tour of New Brun- swick, Major A.S. Cowie. N.B. Army Area medical officer will conduct Brig, Coke and his party. Major J.M. Ficndel. Newfoundland Area medical officer. will perform a similar duty when they visit his province.

Commenting on the forthcoming visit. Col. Murray said that no great changes were expected in the military medical organization of the Maritimes. He pointed out that Colonel Harold Shaw, well known pathologist and medical consultant of Charlottetown. P.E.I,, had re- cently been promoted to his pres- ent rank and new fills the first east coast appointment of adviser to command headquarters on mori- ern medicine and surgery in rela- tion to the armed forces. Brig. Coke will visit Col. Shaw during the course of his tour, he said.

The complete itinerary for the group includes:

Fredericton. June 11: Saint John, June f3; Moncton, June 15, Charlottetown. June 15-18; Hali- fax. June 17-25; Sydney. June 26: St. Johns, Nfld.. June 27 to July 2.

LANGUAGE UNCHANGED U The present Icelandic ianguagci, is little different to that spoken! and written at the time of the country's colonization in the ninth cerftury.

(6) larre,hem lllrth indicative of ,

" L3” 17" i950 1 . rill: GUARDIAN. CHARL()TTETOWN A H y A. H H i-AGE mm: l 2l”i5:..i'?.Z?.i"l.”..i?”z3"ifI.2.2?"f.iI, PARKDALE SCHOOL, GRADES 8 and 9