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PAGE 4 WEDNESDAY, SEPT. 3, 1953.

Men And Evolution .
Dr. Herman J. Mueller, well
known geneticist. and a 1946 Nobel
Prize winner, ‘told the 10th Inter-

national Congress of Genetics in

Montreal that “continued fitness of
the human race might require that
eonscious artificial selection some
day be added to the evolutionary

forces of national selection”.

Dr. Muller noted that ‘modern
medical science is. permitting in-

 ereases in the sum of genetic weak-
"|| nesses allowed to survive and to be

passed on to future generations. (In

|| other words, modern medicine is al-
lowing many unfit persons to stay’

alive and reproduce their kind.)
Eventually, he bélieves, people will
have to develop “a different atti-
tude” toward the producing of child-
ren, “giving more regard to the
future of the child and its descend-
ants and less to. the whim of the
parents”. People with many defects
will come to realize that they ought
not to produce offspring.

The noted scientist concluded his
address by saying that he did not
‘want to discuss the subject at length,
because he felt that the public was
“not yet ready to consider such
ideas”. He can say that again. And

maintain, was the most practical—
and perhaps the most sensible—part
of the whole lecture. :

Treaty Of Friendship

The British Empire is safe for a
while longer,’ if Queen Salote of the
Tonga Islands has her way. Word
from Nokualofa, the capital, is that
the little Pacific Kingdom has signed
a new treaty of friendship with
Great Britain.

Under the treaty Tonga will con-
tinue as a British protectorate, but
the cluster of islands—150 of them
—will have increased internal
government. This will-consist chiefly
of wider trading powers in copra,
the main product of the area.

Britain will retain responsibility
in foreign affairs. (This ought not
to be a very heavy burden.)
Queen Salote, who, incidentally,
stands 6 feet, 3 inches and weighs
280 pounds, will continue in her
royal state, and, presumably, will
continue to do homage to Queen,
Elizabeth the Second. That, how-
ever, is a_ ticklish question; one
sovereign does not usually like to do
homage to another.

The Tonga Islands were dis-

because of the hospitality of the
natives. He gave the islanders a tor-
toise which, though now nearly 200
years old, is reported to be in good
health and spirits. During the years
the tortoise. which receives special
treatment in the royal grounds, has
been regarded as a symbol of British
friendship. In her message to Queen
Salote, Her Majesty Queen Eliza-
beth spoke of the ‘long ‘and happy”
relation between the two kingdoms.

A Dying Language

A once-vital language that knit-’

ted the world together is dying, re-
ports the National Geographic So-
ciety. This is the Morse code, now
the specialty of a retiring group. of
older men, which seems destined
eventually to have as few living
users as Sanskrit. Teleprinters,
fascimile circuits, and automatic
translators that require no rarer
skill than typing; are taking over.
Today’s beginning telegrapher doesn’t
need to know Morse at all. Some of
the old telegraph keys are still in
action, often at sporting events such
as golf tournaments and regattas.
where they are more economical
than heavier installations. But. the
trend is seen in major league base-
ball parks, a favorite spot of the old
Morse men, now converted to key-
board sending.

One by one, the railroads are
abandoning the code that revolu-
tionized traffic safety and schedul-
ing. On the international railways
some Morse is still heard, but much
of that is both coded and trans-
mitted by machine. Even the Boy
Scouts of America, long Morse de-

that last phrase, many people will,

covered by Captain Cook in 1777.
-\He ‘called them the “friendly isles’

votees, have lessened the Morse re-
quirements for their amateur-radio
merit badge. Scout officials had
considered dropping it completely,
but changed their minds after ap-
peals from the armed forces. Sol-
diers have saved their lives by a
rudimentary knowledge of the code.

Morse does not click-clack to-
ward the grave unsung. The Morse
Telegraph Club of America, made up
of some 6,000 present and former
Morse telegraphers, gathers in 42
chapters across. the’ country to. talk
over old times and contribute to. the
history of their craft. National
President W. B. Patterson, of Los
Angeles, California, sadly admits,
however, that club members are
part of “a dying art and profession.”

A Defeated Program

In April the United States,
Tariff Commission recommended in-
creased duties on imported lead and
zinc as protection for the domestic
industry. The President refused to
carry out the recommendation, pend-
ing Congressional action on a bill
suggested by the
which would have the effect of sub-
sidizing these and other minerals.
so as to avoid the necessity of rais-
ing the tariff.

The bill would have provided
principally for the following pro-
grams: 1. A 5-year plan to stabilize
the prices of lead, zinc, acid-grade
fluorspar and tungsten _ produced
from domestic mines. The differences
between market prices and stabiliza-
tion prices to be paid by the
Government were set out in the
measure; 2. Incentive payments to
producers of chromide, beryl ores
and concentrates; 3. A 1-year pro-:

150,000 tons of copper. The price
would not be in excess of 27/2 cents
a pound.

gress would pass the bill with per-
haps some minor amendments. How-
ever, towards the end of the ses-
sion the House of Representatives
quashed the program. Nothing fur-

new Congress meets in January.
Meanwhile, it is not known exactly
what new action the President will
take. It seems unlikely, however,
that lead and zine imports from
Canada will be subjected to higher
tariffs. The President has virtually
given a commitment to that effect.

EDITORIAL NOTES |

A new periodical called , “Prob-
lenis of Peace and Socialism” has ap-
peared in East Germany. The purpose
of the sheet, according to its spon-
sors, “is to consider. the new prob-
lems created by powerful historical
changes of our epoch on Marxist-Len.
inist Theory.” Pity the poor editor!

a *. x

A report says that in its first 100
‘years the United States’ petroleum
industry has processed more than 104
“trillion” dollars worth of crude oil.
In American usage a trillion is a
thousand billions. In British notation
it represents a million billions. It’s a
lot of oil, anyway, however the term
is interpreted.
* * x

Evidently the recession has not
spread far beyond the North Ameri-
can Continent. A report from Paris
says that economists “fear” that it
may reach to Europe if it doesn’t
soon end; and a report from London
says that inflation, not recession, is
what is worrying Government of-

ficials.
* * 2 7

It would be a mistake to supose
that Mr, Hammarskjold’s presence
in the Middle East will bring about
withdrawal of American and British
troops from Lebanon and Jordan
These troops were sent into the area
to carry out a special task—ensuring
the safety of Lebanon and Jordan
from outside aggression. They will
- not be withdrawn until the danger of
all such aggression has passed.

f. * * Ed

Newfoundland fishermen are han-
dicapped these days by shortage of
bait. However, Nova Scotia herring
fishermen are jubilant because they
are receiving $3.50 a barrel for the
herring, compared with the normal
price. of $2.75. One vessel in Yar-
mouth has taken 200,000 pounds to
Newfoundland ports, while another
is waiting for a similar load. This bait
shortage is an annual problem. The
only answer to it is a-system of bait
depots where herring and other bait
fish can be stored in times of plenty.
There are several of these depots
around the Newfoundland coast but
not nearly enough to meet the de-
mand. The same difficulty applies to.
this province to a lesser extent.

Administration -

gram to purchase and_ stockpile

It seemed for a time that! Con- .

ther can be done about it until the

<a

SS

Sees

GETTING TO THE BOTTOM OF IT .

Obesity And
Skin Diseases

By Herman N. Bundesen. M, Dd.

"TIME and again I ‘have cited
arguments against obesity. Now
Here's another one.

National Bewilderment

q By Patrick Nicholson
Special Correspondent For The Guardian

The people of Canada are liv-
ing under an entirely new sys-
tem of government, which’ they
neither understand nor knew how

to manage,” the Evening Report-

er of Galt, Ontario, told its read-
ers in am editorial last week, quot-
ing a magazine article which pin-
pointed 1945 as the commence-
ment of this new system, ‘This

| is the explanation for our nation-

al bewilderment over the reces-
sion.”

To many people on Parliament
Hill, the writer of that magazine
article shewed that he is as be-
wildered ‘as everyone else. For
as everyone here knows, we are

‘not living under a “new system”

of government. We still have the
same old parliamentary system.
What is new is the economic sys-
tem, incorporating very much
more government interference in
our daily lives. Here in Parlia-
ment we see that this is espec-
jally noticeable in the manifesta-
tions of the Welfare State and
the Managed Dollar: © 9" *

That “national bewilderment’
is a true phrase. No matter
where we. live, each one of us

_ can truly say that the world and

our country and our province and
our community are all in a be-
wildering state. Goernment: statis-
ticians here tell us that we have
never been so prosprous as we
are today; yet our personal ex-
perience tells us that we have
developed more cares ; id. anxie-

‘ties since the Welfare State er-

roneously bid us to say farewell

to our worries.
THESE ARE EXAMPLES

We have more life insurance
in effect today than ever before,
and proportionately more than
any other country. Yet the secur-
ity which that insurance offers to
wives and children is half what
is was ten years ago. ,

We receive fatter pay pacifats
than we dreamed of in our most
ambitious moments ten years ago.
But we can never save a nickel,
and have to borrow more each
year, at exorbitant interest rates,
to pay for the gadgets and gim-
micks we ‘dbuy on time.’’

Scientists have made such won-
derful progress that they are now
endangering our lives with leu-
kemia and cancer and threaten-
ing to make our great great
grandchildren into monsters,
through the hazards of radiation
from’ X-ray and H-bomb.

These are the things which have
changed — or some of them; our
government has not changed. For
that is still made up of our aver-

‘age fellow citizens such*as the

small town lawyer and the big
town doctor, the country farmer
and village merchant, the school-
teacher and the clergyman. But
winning an electoral majority and
sitting in Parliament does not

pconvert a doctor into a trained

economist, a lawyer into a skill-
ed administrator, a farer into
a brilliant planner or a clengy-
man into a sound policy-maker.
NEW LOOK _IN POLITICS

Yet those are our new govern-
mental needs under the new econ-

omic and welfare system.

Instead, government has be-
came so complex and so overlaid
with routine office work that
everyone in it, from Prime Min-
ister to rookie stenographer, is
absorbed by. the urgent routine
of the day, with no time to sit
back and take stock of the pre-
sent position and possible future
course. j

This highlights our need for a
new look in our system.

Tt was blatantly obvious under
the former Liberal administra-
tion, An ex-Cabinet Minister from
those days has publicly admitted

\that they had no time to create

new ideas, and their failure in
this respect was a substantial
cause of their downfall.

This Government has perhaps
shown the first signa of an at-
tempt to meet this need in the
appointment of Cabinet Ministers
without departmental portfolios
and routine administrative duties
Only when freed from the alba-

‘tross of red tape and bureaucra-

ister today have time for the ne-
ceessary creative thinking and dis-.
cussion. Only then will ‘‘an en-
tirely new system of govern -
ment” be seen in Ottawa.

» Dhis need has been encounter-
ed in previous days, though per-
haps never so acutely. It has
been met in different ways. In
the ungency of war, Washington
relied on ‘‘Dollar a year men,’
high business executives and lead-
ing professional frained minds,
loaned to government .as a pat-
riotie gesture. In the ungency of
creatingj/a new country, the High
CoXnissioner for the young South
Africa half a century ago creat-
ed ‘\Milner’s Kindergarten’ of
brilliant. young planners. °

Atomic

The report bf the United Na-
tions scientific! committee on. the
effects of atomic radiation is
very reassuring about the long-
term health risks due to conta:
mination of the surface of the
globe by fallout froin weapon
testis. In all the essentials this
report, drawn up by experts of
14 nations on the direction of the
General Assembly, is very simi-
Jar to the White Paper drawn up
by the British Medical Research
Council two years ago.

Britain’s lead in the develop-
ment of nuclear energy for the
generation of electricity places a
great responsibility on British
doctors and scientists to ensure
that these great projects are push-
ed ahead without . endangering
health, since exactly similar con-
siderations apply when con‘amin-
ation arises from peaceful’ uses
as from bomb - testing.

The principal point to bear in
mind when considering the dan-
fers of additional sources of ra-
diation is that we live in a world
of radiation which comes to us
in part from outer space - cos-
mii¢ rays - from radium in rocks
all round us, and even from na-
turally occuring radioactive ma-
terials which. are present in all
the food and water we consume.
In addition, there is man-made
radiation due to a large number
of factors, varying form Lumin-
ous wrist watches to the medi-
cal use of x-rays.

-RAYS MAJOR CAUSF

Fallout contributes negligibly
to extra - radiation to which the
people of the industrial countries
of the world are exposed. The
widespread use of x-rays for di-
agnostic purposes provides about
one hundred times as much ra-
diation where medical facilities
are advanced, such as in Western
Furope and the United States.

The United Nations report ex-
presses concern over the magni-
tude of the radiation burden over
and above the normal background

‘jn most highly - developed count-

ries and urges that immediate
steps be taken to reduce. it

In the belief that ‘every little
helps” the stopping of weapon
tests would be of some benefit,
but the really significant improve-
ments must come from a change
in the general practice of x-ray
diagnoses,

Radiation Report
By Dr, Peter Alexander
/ United Kingdom Information

ice

The committee feels that rela-
tively simple changes can partly
reduce the amount of genetically
harmful radiation which is re-
eeived in this way, without de-
priving the physician of worth -
while . information. The new. re-
commendations have been made
and, if followed, will reduce our
radiation burden. se

This argument can only apply
to industrialised countries. Since
the people of underdeveloped cou-
ntries do not receive an appreci-
able dose from medical x-rays,
radiation from bomb-testing ne-
presents the major part of the
man - made radiation which they
receive,

Moreover, the principle com-
ponent of fallout - strontium 90-
will be taken up to a substantial-
ly greater extent by people who

obtain the bulk of their dietary
calcium from vegetables on which
radioactive material settles rath-
er than by those who consume
dairy produce, since the cow acts
as an efficient filter. Tt eats
grass with strontium 90 which
collects in its bones ands gives
rise to almost uncontaminated
milk and méat.
GUESSWORK INVOLVED

But even so the risk is small,
and figures calculated by the
committee for the*number of ad-
ditional cancers produced are
less than one percent of those
which occur naturally - even when
the most. unfavourable assump-.
tions are made. In the present
state ‘of knowledge no definite
statements can be made and all
figures are based to some extent
on, guesswork. Indeed there is
some justification for working on
the basis that a certain:minimum
dose is necessary before any cas-
es will oecur. If this proves to
be the case then there will be no
additional cancer cases at all.

The Issue At Little Roc
By George Kitchen ;
Canadian Press Staff Writer

The central issue in the Little
Rock school integration case is
whether the United States Su-
preme Court should bow to mob
rule and agree to postpone what

‘it already has proclaimed to be

the Law of the land.

In its current integration study,
the court is considering the mer-
its of the legal controversy. over
whether integration in Central
High school in Little Rock, Ark.,
scene of integration riots last fall,
should be deferred for 2% years.

The Little Rock school board
has obtained: a lower-court. order
postponing integration for that pe-
riod. The National Association for
the Advancement of Colored Peo-
ple is asking the Supreme Court
to refuse the delay and direct
that integration be resumed when
the school opens its fall term
within the next week or two.

That is the bare legal outline
of the case, which opened before
the court Thursday and will be
argued in full Sept. 11.
UNDERLYING. ISSUE

But Chief Justice Earl Warren
put ‘his finger on the underlying
issue when, during the Thursday

hearing, he asked the counsel
representing the Litthe Rock
school board;

‘Can we afford to defer a pro-
gram of this kind merely be-

cause there are elements in a |

community that will commit vio-
legce to prevent it from going into
fect?’

Warren obviously had in mind
the mob violence which kept
seven Negro children out of
Central High last September and
finally resulted in President Wis-
enhower sending federal troops to
hold the mob in icheck and permit
the Negroes to attend classes.

Under the U.S. constitutional
setup, federal power is divided
among the Congress, the presi-
dent and the Supreme Court. The
court takes on the aspects of a

law-making body when it inter-

prets the American Constitution—
one of its primary duties,
ENTRENCHED POLICY

It was exercising this. function
in 1954 when it directed the south-
ern states to abolish their deeply-
entrenched policy of segregating
white and colored school children
and to do so with “‘all deliberate
speed.”

Integration has proceeded
peacefully in’ many southern
areas, but in some sections, in-

cluding Little Rock, the process

obésity promotes a variety
skin disorders. This
larly true where opposing sur-
faces of the skin meet, such as
the corner of the lips.

moisture between the folds of the

ayer of fat under the skin. This
fat greatly impairs dissipation of
-|pody heat through conduction and

ily become overheated and tend
-|to sweat more profusely than
persons of nonmal weight.

has an adverse effect on nonmal

most cases of inflammatory skin

known conditions,

legs, skin ulcers and striae dis-

that
of
is particu-

It is a recognized fact

Accumulation . of heat and
skin naturally can be quite irri-
tating. : ,
IMPAIRS BODY PROCES

Obese persons have a thick

radiation.
Consequently, fat persons e€as-

Excessive ‘sweating, we know,
skin. It is especially harmful in

diseases. 3
OTHER CONDITIONS

It also affects many lesser
such as stasis
eczema, which oecurs on the

tensae, which result from exces-
sive stretching of the skin.

At a recent meeting in Chicago
of the American Medical Associa-
tion’s Council on Foods and Nu-
trition, Dr. Allan L, Lorinez /re-
ported that, contrary to common
belief, most common skin disor-
ders are “‘not significantly con-
nected” with dietary or nutrition-
al allengies or deficiencies. Ge

Dr. Lorinez, who is assistant
proféssor of dermato'ogy at the
University of Chicago, said that,

surprisingly, “dietary factors in |

acne vulgaris and psorias are
generally overrated.”” -

He added, however, that mal-
nutrition in the form of over-
eating—which leads to obesity—
is ‘by far the most frequently
encountered nutritional distur -
bance that causes or aggravates
skin diseases.” ;

So if you are excessively
overweight—more than a few
pounds—better cut dawn on your
food consumption and, carefully
‘select’ the kind of food you are
eating. woued
Too much poundage is also bad
for your heart and for your skth.
QUESTION AND ANSWER

E. B.: My baby is five wmeks

ish skin. What can be the mat-
ter?

‘Answer: Your balby is probalb-
ly suffering from jaundice, due
to some disorder of the liver,
some condition which aiffects the
gall bladder or the bile passage,
or some infection or blood dis-
ease. ‘

MAXIMS

Speaking without thinking
shooting without taking aim.

ae

57 REBELS KILLED -
ALGIERS (Reuters) — French

din a three-day battle at Doualia
in western Algeria, French mil-
itary authorities said Monday. |

timidation of Negroes and legal
barriers erected by state author-
ities to circumvent the federal
Supreme Court ruling.) -

If the court now were to agree
to a postponement for Little
Rock, southern areas still resist-
ing integration would take it as
affirmation of their stand against
desegregation measures. |

The court thus appears to have
no recourse but to reaffirm its
1954 ruling and order Little Rock

old and has developed a yellow--

troops killed 57 Algerian nation- |
| alist rebels and took 32 prisoners _

NOTES BY

THE WAY

One thing about modern art fs
that things can be as bad as they
are painted.—Irish Digest

In looking for at least one ma-
jor cause of the pele * saps
wline among youngsters in 0
pe land we might be justified
in remark upon the extent fo
which the mother rather than the
fathers dominate in the- average
North American home.—Calgary
Herald ,

A study of childhood accidents
er ta the Canadian Medi-
eal Associatitn Journal found that
the ‘frequency of accidents in-
except in cases of proportion to
the elevation of the temperature
except in_cases of poisonin gan,d
more boys than girls suffer ace
cidents. Nearly half the mishaps
occur between 12 noon and 5 p.m.
and up to 80 percent. (expecially
among the toddlers) are injured
while playing at home under the
superivision of the mother—Ni

Bay Nugget : ee

The Yukon is smaller than any
of the Prairie Provinces, but half-
as big as Ontario. Its wealth pro-
duction, already large, will be-
come great for in addition to vast
mineral resoureées it has farm
and grazing lands, forests and
immense hydro-electric power po-
tential. Population, though small,
is increasing. It would make a
fine province, and would likely
progress faster by itself than if
absorbed in BC, for governments
in control of huge areas do tend
to neglect the hinterlands.—Cape
Breton Post

OUR YESTERDAYS

(From The Guardian Files)

TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO -
(Sept. 33 1933).

At the 33rd annual meeting of
the P.E.I. Dental Association held
in the Legion rooms last evening,
a delegation representing the De-.

establishing of Provincial Rural
Dental Clinics, which the Wom-
en’s Institutes have been for
some time. fostering and for
which the Provincial Government,
at its last session made a grant
of $1,000.

The 1.0.D.E. Scholarship for
this year has been awared to Mr.
E. Benjamin Rogers, son of Mr.
R.H. Rogers. of this city. The
recipient graduated from Prince
of Wales College in 1930, amd from.
Dalhousie last spring. Mr. Rog-
ers will leave for England the
latter part of this month and will
enroll as a student in the Uni-
versity of London.  .

TEN YEARS AGO
Vo > (Sepd.: 8. 1948)
A resolution asking the Agri-

Ottawa to give a floor price on
potatoes to provide the producer
with at least the cost of produc-
tion was passed at the opening
fall meeting of the Summerside
Board of Trade last evening. Mr,
T.J. Inman of the Agriculture
Committee moved the resolution

that a bumper crop
ted this year and -
sent trend was towa:
tes...

was expec-
it the pre-

_ The Provincial Government ‘in
conjuntion with the Dominion Gov
ernment and the Fisheries Re-
search Board is experimenting in
improved methods of fishing in
the coastal waters of the province
that have not been tried here be-
fore. At Rustico, Tignish and
Souris a long lining experiment,
with ‘‘flying sets’ has been ar--
ranged to be run in comparison.

integration fo proceed.

method.

of old age-Lin a y

partment of Health waited on the |
, meeting in connection with the

culture Prices Support Board at.

stating that’ indications were |

lower 'pri- |

with the present “under-nunning” |

A discouraging bit of nao,
anglers is the autopsy
a large trout found ¢

lush dense green tides
lapping at

WORTH LI

Ing? It may be caused by
liver doesn’t pour out up to
day your food may not

FERRY SE

Summer Sen
Teli
June 21st to §

_ STANDARD
For daily report
: feat thee

has been marked by violence, in-

Dairy plants which have advised their patrons

of the intention to make a collection covering:

will be making this deduction from either th

August 31 or September 15 settlement.

Farmers who have already paid in cash, who
tion should return the blue refusal card with.
which they were supplied for this purpose.

Prince Edward Island | a

_ Federation of Agriculture