_ Bisenhower. _ ary. Ghe Guardian Covers Prinses Edward island Like the Dew Published —, week-day morning at 165 Prince Street Chariottetown, P.E.1.. by the Thomson Company Ltd fan A. Burnett, Publisher and General Manager Frank Walker, Editor Member Canadian Daily Newspaper Publishers Association Member of The Canadian Press Member Adu% Bureau of Circulations Branch offices at Summerside, Montague and Alberton Represented Nationally by: Thomson eer Advertising Service 48 King Street West, Toronto, Ont, 640 Cathcart St., Montreal 1030 West Georgia St By Carrier Charlottetown, Summerside 36¢ per week, By Mail elsewhere in P.E.I. $9.00 per annum. Other Provinces and United States $12.00 per annum. PAGE 4 TUESDAY, AUGUST 5, 1958, Vancouver Important Event The appointment of an Opposition member as chairman of a | Standing Committee of the Commons is an event of\considerable importance. For _ one thing, it makes parliamentary history; for another, it demonstrates a fine sense of responsibility on the part of the big Conservative majority which could, if it wanted todo so, turn the present Parliament something resembling a party caucus. Despite the big names associated with the Liberal opposition,. opposi- tion eriticism so far this session has not been noticeably effective. Mr. Pearson, with all respect to him, is clearly not at his best on an opposi- tion bench. . It often seems to be taken for granted that an opposition group, éspecially when it is weak numerical- ly, should be satisfied with the rem- narits of responsibility. This is in dir- ect contrast to the democratic concept which assumes that parliament as a whole, not any particular group in it, is the governing body. It would seem particularly appropriate for Opposi- tion members. to have an important say in studying and appraising de- partmental expenditures. It is good to see that in the present instance this principle has been recognized; and it is to be hoped that it will continue to receive recognition. ey : _A Faint Hope : Everyone, of course, hopes that the meeting of heads of govern- ments—if one is held, despite the quarrelings of the moment—will bea success. But ‘It is difficult to see how » it can be, since the two sides are ap-' proaching the meeting from entirely different motives. At least, that is the conclusion one is forced to draw from published mier Khrushchev and President | Mr. Khrushchev’s sole ‘pampose is, in his own words, “to disetiss Ameri- can and British armed intervention in _ Lebanon and Jordan”. Iti 5 obviously his intention to eh on that fictiti- | ous subject for all it is worth—and | we may be sure that it is worth a good deal in Arab and neutralist cir- cles—and to demand , unconditional withdrawal of American and British forces from the two areas. President Eisenhower, on the other hand, has said that the main business of the meeting will be to dis- cuss Soviet “indirect aggression” in j the Middle East. Now, it doesn’t take an expert in international relations to see that these two approaches are as far apart as any divergent views could possibly be. There will, of course, be other in- fluences at work—the. neutralist in- fluence, for example; but basically it will be a tug of war between the two big power bloes; and it is hard to see how anything in the way of an agree- ment can come out of such cross pur- poses, so long as each side adheres to its declared position. Bill Of Rights A dispatch from Ottawa says that Prime Minister Diefenbaker is ready to present to Parliament a “Bill of Rights” on which he has been work- ing for some time. It is understood that in substance it resembles closely proposals made by Mr. Diefenbaker ‘when he was in opposition, and reject- ed by the Government of that time on the ground that they were. unnecess- “The main points of the bill are said to be as follows: 1. Everyone has: the right to life, liberty and security of person, and all are equal ae the law; 2. No person shall be subject to arbitrary arrest, detention or exile Any person arrested or detained must be promptly informed why and given fair hearing within a reasonable time or be released; 3. The right. to habeas eorpus of any person shall not be abridged, suspended or abrogated ex- cept by Parliament; 4. Nothing in the bill shall abridge or exclude any rights or freedoms to which any per- son is otherwise entitled. These are worthy principles, of : course. But are they not already pro- tected by our laws and respected by eur courts? A formal bill of rights might be yseful in emphasizing these privileges of free men; but it is hard into | statements of Pre- to see how it could give them a stronger hold. However, there is little likelihood of any serious opposition to the Prime Minister’s bill when it is presented. Its very name will win sup- pért; for, of course, no one would want to go on record as opposing democratic freedoms. But we do not feel that passage of the measure is a matter of any particular urgency. It appears to be one of those things. which can be safely handled at. lei- sure, since, for all practical purposes, it is already a part of the Canadian legal structure. Commonwealth Sales Canadian exports to Common- wealth countries are worth about $1 billion every year, writes P.C. Colling- wood of the Department of Trade and Commerce in the latest issue of “For- eign Trade”, Seventy or eighty per cent goes to the United Kingdom; the ten per cent variation is usually caused by the strength or weakness of the wheat and lumber markets in Britain. ; _ Of the other Commonwealth coun- tries which, with Britain, took 20 per cent of all Canada’s exports in 1957,. South Africa is historically our sec- ond largest market, though: some- times she vies with Australia for sec- ond place. Together these two coun- tries buy roughly $115 million worth of Canadian goods each year. Depend- ing on wheat sales, India and Pakis- tan sometimes stand high—as in 1953 and 1958. Normally, however, Can- ada’s sales to Pakistan are smaller than those to New Zealand and Jamaica. Apart from these major markets and the entrepot trade with — Hong Kong, roughly $35 to $40 mil- lion worth of Canadian goods go to the 25 other Commonwealth areas, EDITORIAL NOTES Lower earnings for the Big 3 automobile manufacturing companies _ jn the United States for the first six ; months of this year made a big dent in Federal taxes. The bill for the 3 in the January-June period came _ to $265,000,000, compared with $811,- . obia age for the same ee} in cee we Mae ane : ecmber of the dadyisory com- mittee appointed under the Farm Stabilization Act is quoted as saying. | that the act was designed “to protect the large\ farm operator and let the devil take the hindmost.” That’s the way it seems to be working,’ whether @ wt et be s the intentign. The: Sitawe ai iy “Would : ‘ we be bothering with Jordan and Le- banon or wortying over ‘Nasserism’ or trying to stop Middle East com- munism if the Mideast did not have oil? Perhaps not. But what is wrong about the West’s being concerned about its legitmate oil interests in the Middle East? om * * Until recently any foreign com- ‘pany wishing to do business in Bri- ° tain had to obtain special consent of the Treasury. That restriction has now been removed. In the future, per- mission will be given as a matter of course for the establishment by non- residents of any new enterprise. The old restriction was intended to keep enterprises considered “prejudicial to the economy”’ out of the country. * * ee CCF House leader Argue told the Commons that “farmers in general feel that price supports are not high enough.” That would probably be the ease if they were much higher. Our own opinion is that the chief com- plaint against the supports in this area is their uncertainty. Farmers should. know well ahead of time the lowest prices they are likely to receive for their products. R wv \e Britain is the first country to have its own nuclear power stations built by industry on a competitive basis, and the export of nuclear reac-_ tors and other nuclear equipment is similarly the responsibility of private enterprise in Britain. The UK Atomic Energy Authority will normally en- ter into agreements for the supply of the necessary fuel for British made nuclear plant exported to other coun- tries under an agreement, Dee * « : Referring to the granting of state- hood to Alaska, a Soviet paper noted that “the legislation reflected United States’ trying to find a new and more effective form of turning Alaska in- to a military, strategic bridgehead for an attack on the Soviet Union and the Chinese People’s Republic.” The editor must have been half asleep or drunk when he let that pass. Every one knows that federal control of Alaska as a State will be less, not more, than when it was a mere terri- tory. inter-government _ | will mark the latest THE BICYCLE BUILT FOR: WO _ Inside The Soviet Empire Edward Cranshaw in LONDON — Russian’ subver- sion is constant, to be taken for granted as an unfortunate fact of © life. A great deal of time is wast- ed and energy misdirected in try- - ing to establish particular examp- les of Moscow’s tireless activity — and then often getting it wrong. It is better to assume that every- where and all the time devoted Russians and their dupes and | Conscious agents are trying to un- dermine, by whatever means at hand the foundations of every | society which has not given itself over to the safekee of Mos- | cow and perhaps, Peiping. Thus, in a sense, it is a truism to say that the trouble in the Middle “East offers one more piece of evidence for the exis- tence of a global Communist plot. But it is not very helpful. It is as though a meteorologist were ‘to say that ‘last month’s weather offered one more piece of evi- dence clouds bring rain, Lenin, Stalin, Khrushchev have them- selves told us all we need to know about the Communist conspiracy Ptiias more than is good for MISLEADING : Thus it is untrue and danger- ously misleading to ‘suggest that —— at this moment is en- gaged in Communist revolutions in the Middle Piast. It is doing nothing of the kind. What it is doing is strengthening the existing Soviet empire vis-a- vis the Western coalition by help-. ing to undermine the Western position. The existing Soviet Em- pire was obtained by. force, or the immediate threat of force (as in the case of Czechosolvakia who felt herself abandoned by the West), laced with guile. And the Russians have shown time and time again that they are not at present interested in: any extension of their Empire that cannot be held, fairly easily, by force stopping short of full- scale warfare. The Soviét Com- munists are still Russians. In- deed, their tacties in the Middle reproduce in detail the sub- versive tactics of the Czars along the frontiers of India. SOVIET INTERESTS But if Mr. Khruschev and his friends are not interested just now in bringing Communism to the Middle Bast, they are deeply interested in helping to expel Western influence from that area. And to this’ end they will work The London Observer with any means that come to hand. If Mr. Khrushchev thought that he could best upset the Western apple - cart by supporting Arab kings and princes, he would do so. But he does not think this. His chosen instrument for the time being is Arab nationalism. Thus, inside the Soviet Union, he fights against Moslem influence because it exerts a disruptive force on his own regime; but outside the Soviet Union he sup- ports it because it exerts a dis- ruptive effect o the Western po- sition. t There might not be a. single Communist in the Middle East, but Moscow would still support any movement, even at the risk of burning its vo fingers,. which Conversely, Iraq gee) be full, a Communists, but if it suited Mos- cow's book, for whatever reason to keep the Communists quite far | a spell, they would be thrown to the wolves without a tremor. MOSCOW’S ADVANTAGE All this, suggests that Mos- cow's plotting, which is ever- lasting, becomes dangerous only when the movement it elects a support in any given country has in itself become a formidable force. Moscow's particular advan- tages lie in her diagnostic sup eriority (not invariable, but very marked in the Middle East) and her perfect lack of scruple.. Thus Moscow recognized the force of Arab nationalism in‘ the Middle East before the West did, and was thus able to harness loosely. to its own purposes the sort of emotions which, when they mani- fest themselves inside the Soviet Union represent black tréason (or révisionism, to use the eur- rent cant phrase). Moscow is also happy to exploit Anab feelings about Israel. Russia’s subversive activity in the Middle East is thus not dif- ferent in kind from her subver- sive activity in Britain or Amer- ica. It is only more effective be-. cause it has better material to work with. The only way to com- bat this-sort of aetivity is to deny her the opportunity of pos- ing as the protector of ‘the op- pressed and the model of en- lightened altruism. The only way to do |this is for ourselves to as- sume in real é@arnest the role which Moscow assumes as & dis- | guise. History-Rich St. Lawrence. National Geographic Society WASHINGTON. — A new. era In spacious locks ships are rais- shared by the United States |ed and lowered by intricate ma- and Canada as cooperating neigh- bors—was born and baptized ear- ly in July along the upper reach- es of the St. Lawrence River. The baptismal waters, pouring | out of Lake Ontario, were first released, then dammed to form a vast pool that will serve as a major link in the monumental St. Lawrence Seaway. Some 25 miles long and aver- aging 40 feet in depth, the man- made lake will accommodate seagoing ships a thousand miles _from the Atlantic. Its interrelat- ed system of canals, locks, and dams will not only pérmit enor- mously heavier traffic, but pro- vide millions of kilowatts of pow- ‘er on both sides of the interna- tional Jine. SAW ANOTHER WORLD The inauguration of the ‘entire Seaway next spring will open a de ater Jane winding 2,300 mil- es from the mouth of the St. Lawrence to North America’s in- dustrial heartland. The first big ships to go through act in a drama whose prologue was enact- ed along this same stream more than 400 years ago. But the early French explorers and settlers who came this way would find little to recognize in today’s scen- ery, Where primeval wilderness spread, great inland seaports now handle millions of tons of cargo a year. The river, harneés- sed by concrete and steel, flows\ through channels 27 feet deep. chinery that would have seemed witcheraft to the pioneers. » Discoverer of the broad erack in the New World coast was a Breton skipper, Jacques Cartier, who reconnoitered the vast ent- rance gulf in 1534. On a return trip, he sought shelter in a small bay he named St. Lawrence: for the saint’s day. Eventually the name caught on for both gulf and river, Cartier sailed up the Great ‘River—or the River of Canada as he also called it from the Iro- quois word Kanata—to the site of what was to be the city ‘of Montreal. There rapids barred further progress, Like others spurred by the am- bition of the time, Cartier had failed to find a short cut to the Orient. Instead, -he had turned the key to the inner secrets and wealth of a new continent. RIVER-BORNE RIVALRY In the early 1600's, Samuel de Champlain’s voyages and colon- ies along the St. Lawrence estab- lished France as a Western pow- er. With the founding of Quebec and the discovery of the Great Lakes, other French explorers, fur traders, and missionaries to the Indians pushed on to the up- per Mississippi. Turning souts, they ‘claimed an empire that reached all the way to the Gulf of Mexico. Meantime, the British, too, were taking to the St. Lawrence as a ‘high road to expansion and trade. The long and bitter power "PUBLIC FORUM This columns ‘is open to the discus sion by correspondénts of quéstion of interest. The Guardian does nét neses sarily endorse the opinion Of corres bondents. OFFICIAL RATE CHARGED Sir,—In the Public Forum - of Pe A edition of the Char- lottetown Guardian Mr, Harold A. MacGregor of Cardigan stated that in presenting -money to the stores in Charlottetown 5 per cent was taken off for exchange. The exchange charged by this firm is the official rate of ex-. change. For at least the past three weeks we have been uate: ; ing 4 per cent. This firm is very well aw re of the value of the tourist industry to P.E.1. and nor will not attempt to take ad- | vantage of our tourists or local | people by ‘charging an inflated rate of cent on American money. » : J am, Sir, Gal HOLMAN | ALAN H President, Hed ‘Holman Limited. struggle . cain France an d England. spread across the At- lantic to erupt in the French and Indian Wars. It was settled along this river in 1759 when the, British victory on Quebec's Plains: of Abraham set Canna # future alliance and course. Again in the ieoccinas Revolu-' tion and the War of 1812, cam- paigis in the St. Lawrence-Great, Lakes region made history. The peace treaty of 1814 reaffiimed the Canadian-United States Bor- der through the Great Lakes and reaches of the river. It so marked Hag Bene of the unbroken friendly relations that have made today’s Seaway pos- sible. IMPROVEMENTS IN 1700's The first navigation aids along the inland route were developed in the late 1700's. One was a shallow canal that bypassed the Montreal rapids. The other was a small lock canal built at the Sault Ste. Marie bottleneck at the outlet of Lake Superior. It penmitted canoes and other small craft to negotiate a 21-foot, drop ‘problems to the dinner table with _ | the amount of regular milk.’ certainly has not | “Before the dammed-up waters Tips On How To Gain Weight By Herman N. Bundesen, M.D. PVE WRITTEN a good many columns about the dangers of be- ing overweight and about reduc- blems. me anise confess, however that T have sadly neglected those of you who are’ underweight and wish to add poundage. I'd like to do something about this oversight right now. I you are trying to gain weight, you should make every effort to increase your enjoyment of food and boost your appetite. REST AND EXERCISE I think it goes without saying that you should have adequate rest and exercise. Mealtimes should be happy occasions. Don’t take your domestic and office you. Between-méal snacks are per- fectly all right providing they don’t harm your appetite for your regular méals. But there is ano- thér trick of this weight-gaining business which will help add se) 2 don’t mean that you will be able to gain 10 or 12 pounds | a. a day or two. But by care- fully adding a few extra calor- iés here and thére—it’s just the reverse of réducing regimes — you can add weight. ; HERE’s HOW There aré many simple ways: of doing this. If you have a hot cereal for breakfast add a. few raisins, | dates or figs. This will give you an extra 100 calories. or so with- out adding appreciably to the bulk. Drink milk or cocoa instead of tea or coffee. If you do drink tea or coffee, mix ‘some evaporated milk with it. Evaportated milk, you see, is equal to about twice DILUTE WITH MILK - When drinking evaporated milk dilute it with regular , milk in- stead of water. That way you get more milk. When you have finished a meal + try to eat another slice or éven half a slice, of bread. Use plen- ty of butter -and jelly or mar- “malade. This can add between 100 and 200 calories to your meal. - One more tip: Rich, sweet and fried foods tend to depress the appetite. So save them until: the end of the meal. QUESTION AND ANSWER . M. :Whenever I, drink a warm drink, I perspire ‘profusely, What causes this? Answer: The taking of any / warm beverage may cause a per- son to perspire, due to the ef-|. fect, of the warm drink on the misc oe oe Lake lek. ed aes Since then, bigger on petit. canal and. lock systems, with| ever deeper channels, have taken increasing traffic over and around all obstacles — including that queen of hurdles, Niagara. Falis. In man’s latest t: with. the river's flow, the creation of | the vast artificial lake in the On- tario - New York State ‘area flooded highways. sections of. rail- road, and séveral communities. Drowned. too, were the sites of ‘histonic forts, farms, cemeteries, and villages, chiefly on the Can- adian side. But the jong preserved relics of early days have not been lost. ‘were released, the Canadian gov- ernment removed valuable re- cords, antique’ furnishings; im- plements, and pioneer tombston- es — even the buildings themsel- ves when possible — to safe ground. In time, they will be re- assembled for exhibit in a series ‘of monuments and memorials to ‘be established along the St. Law: rence shores. Such historical displays will be- come part of a vast parkway system extending on both sides of the river. With many scenic and recreational areas, it is ex- pected to attract annual millions of visitors who will see on one hand the restoration of scenes from the past and on the other the latest marvels in transporta- tion and power creation. NOTES BY merely wore striped trousers and | gardenias and balanced teacups. Today they must be skilful in doging rocks.—Ottawa Journal Anyone who drives when hig; mind is occupied with any other problem than safe driving is a! menace to every other motorist | on the road.—London Free Prégg An Alabama man, feeling a trifle | high, got into a “‘fight”” with three | clothing store dummies. Floored | ‘em all too — before the ; | bel was called off on account of ‘po- | licemen.—Sudbury Star | t A man arrested for | the other day said that he was merely going the same speéd the other ears on the road, was fined, nevertheless. Pb other instance to show that it not. always, sound policy to keep: up with the alas age ndtear re : culprit in. Leola’ wee at such high levels. Beet roasts moved up to be among the est beef eaters in the. pA Pha at cheer-Waterloo Récord ‘ ‘2 Many auté.pedple keep laugh ing off the suggestion that ther is a real mass market for small- | er, cheaper, less pretentious cars, They call the present enthusiasm for small imported cars a of “inverted may be an element this. But what may Baltimore Sun The number of people won temperance — figures suggest| 4,000,000 have gone on the wagon} this. yéar, 13,000,000 in the last 12 years — has reduced « . tion to such an extent that pee : liquor firms are cutting prices.| Governments may wonder, with some misgivings, what would happen to their revenues if every: one stopped drinking. But when some people show the good sense} | to eut down or cut jout their| crinking — we should ~~ about ph tbs goss tang “THE BOYS ON THE HILL The boys of the district In, old Forest . Hil “Erected a cottage with Vigor and skill. aa they wielded the tools * Of the carpenters’ trade-— Building forms and oe HON Roof—walls and facade. | From the eight o ‘clock whistle - ‘To the five o'clock bell ; . They worked on the patio : porch and the ell. — : Making joints of precision ney miter’s all good— They fashioned the plans ‘Into chambers of wood. There was Wendell and Cyril And Charlie and Lee- — All working like Trojans With hustling me. Off the Forest Hill road . Leading ‘‘out to the Bay” On the slope of the summit They builded—WHITEBRAE, : | —Peter A. Reilly |.Vi The AgeOld Story oe For whom the Lord loveth “+ | chasteneth, and scourgeth every, son whom he receiveth, Your nearest branch on the Bank of Montreal : 70 2 MILLION CANADIARS WORKING WITH ECANADIANS Bank or MonTrREAL Canadas First Sank REG. G. BOYNE, Manager Charlottetown Bratch, can = you quick servi 105-107 psipiinaes street? IN EVERY WALK OF LIFE A time was when ambassadors ;