Che Guardian Covers Prince Edward Island Like The Dew W. J. Hancox, Publisher Burton Lewis Executive Editor Editor Published every week day morning (ex-ep! Sun: days and statutory holidays) at 165 Prince Street Charlottetown, P.E.1., by fhomsor. Newspapers Ltd Branch offices at Summerside, Montague, Aloer fer and Sour Represested nationally by Thomson Newspapers Advertising Services Toronto, 425 ity AN Empire 3-8894; Monireal, 640 Cathcart Str UNiversity 6-5942; Western office, 1030 we Georgia Street, Vancouver (MA 7037). Canadian Daily Newspaper Publis ion and the Canadian Press. exclusively en of all news. dispaich to it oF 10 the Associaied fers. and also to the locel_news publahed hore In. All rights on reoublication of special cispatehoy herein also reserved. Subscription rates: Not over 35¢ per week by corrier. $11.00 & yeor by «mail or rural rovies and areas mot serviced by c $14.00 @ year off Island and U.K. $20.00 per year in U.S. and elsewhere oviside British Com monwealth. Not over Ze per single copy: Member _Ausli PAGE 6 WEDNESDAY, MA’ Grave Quebec Emergency It is to be hoped that the emer- gency measures now taken by Pre- mier Lesage will put an effective stop to the wave of terrorism that has swept Montreal and other parts of Quebec in recent weeks. Military, civil and police authorities have met to map out a campaign to this end. In a front page editorial over the weekend, the Montreal Gazette says that it is only the Premier who can give to the campaign against the guilty the resolution and impulse that are needed. Only the prestige of his office, and the vigor of his character, can summon forth all the many resources of Quebec and carry them forward to united and decisive action. No longer can there be any hope that the terrorists, having gone as far as murder, might abandon their tactics. The bombings have gone on, contemptuous of life and defiant of authority. It is the Government most of all, of course, that is being challenged. It is its authority that is being insulted; it is its ascend- ency that must be asserted. Premier Lesage will draw to his side the support of all responsible Citizens, for there can be no reason- able division of opinion here as to the need for maintaining law and order, and of upholding the sacred- ness of human life. Mr. Lesage has said that the terrorists are doing enormous harm to Quebec as well as to French Canada. They are, in- deed, doing harm to the whole coun- try, to its reputation as a civilized nation and enlightened democracy. There is no inclination on the part of English speaking Canadians to blame these outrages on their French speaking compatriots as a body, or on any responsible element thereof; but the fact that the ter- rorists profess to be French Cana- dian extremists makes it all the more important, for the good name of French Canada, that they be hunted down as dangerous crimin- als. Only when they have been put behind bars and brought to justice will decent citizens be able to breathe freely. Not only Quebec, but the na- tion generally, has the fullest con- fidence in Premier Lesage, in his ability to give the leadership that is yequired in this emergency and in his determination to wipe this blot from the escutcheon of his province. | Diplomatic Manoeuver } | The NATO council sessions : which open at Ottawa today are billed as an attempt to map the fut- ure of the nuclear defence network in Western Europe; but according to Lord Home, British Foreign Secret- ary, the plans are not going to be out overnight.” Accord- } ing to Prime Minister Pearson, the fessions will not affect Canada’s 1967 commitment to accept a role iring nuclear arms in Western defense. . Barring a last-minute hitch in 4 delicate diplomatic deal, Wash- ington expects that the 15 nations of the North Atlantic Treaty Or- ganization will “ratify” an interal- ied nuclear force on this occasion, “without a vote and without giving it a name.” The agreed-upon pro- gram stipulates that the new ar. nt will simply be i “having ‘come into being. According to the New York Times, procedure will spare France the _to approve a plan whose value dispute, but it will fall short f meeting British desire formally , establish a new institution. The ‘of Circulation. Frank Walker at to be Ottawa will provide, in effect, for the “assignment” of Britain’s 180- plane strategic air force and of the three United States Polaris submar- ines stationed in the Meditterranean tu NATO’s command and targeting staffs. The forces will not lose their na- tional identities. They will be manned, controlled and financed by Britain and the United States, as be- fore. They can also be withdrawn for strictly national duty, as desired. France, which has opposed any al- lied arrangements that might chal- lenge her nuclear independence, is said to be ready to acquiesce in the Ottawa announcement. Her officials are expected to describe the change as a routine reshuffle of organiza- tion charts, and they will probably claim a diplomatic victory in trim- ming down propaganda about the move. As for the Kennedy administra- tion, says The Times correspond- ent, it will be happy to conclude the manoeuver without becoming in- volved in an imbroglio at Ottawa. It looks upon the change as a step —albeit a small one—toward giving the allies a bigger role in NATO strategic planning and satisfying somne European desires for a greater voice in Atlantic defense policy. Those Jobless Figures The latest report of the Domin- ion Bureau of Statistics shows that job opportunities are rising across Canada, that the unemployment tot- al dropped last month to 462,000, that the mid-April jobless total was 87,000 lower than the total for March and 23,000 lower than the total for April last year. This rep- resented 7 per cent of the labor force, compared to unemployment rate of 7.5 per cent in April, 1962, and 9.7 per cent in April, 1961. It was also a sharp drop from the 8.4 percent rate of March of this year. The figures for all Canada, how- ever, are much more reassuring than are those for the Atlantic Provinces taken separately. To be sure, the national trend was reflected by the drop from 15.3 per cent in this area in mid-March, to 14.1 per cent in mid-April. But as the Fredericton Gleaner points out, the fact re- mains that this 14.1 per cent, when compared with the 6.4 per cent rep- resentative of the other six prov- inces, is a sobering indictment of a country that enjoys relative pros- perity in its central and western areas and permits depression in its eastern extremity. In the national interest, the new government at Ottawa should not be long in facing up to this problem. EDITORIAL NOTE Reports given to the House of Commons reveal that a total of 42,209 people left Canada in the 1961 calendar vear to take up per- manent United States residence, roughly enough people to comprise a good sized city. In terms of the millions who populate the United States this number is barely frac- tional, but it represents a depressing loss to Canada. Commenting on the Liberal pro- posal to “strengthen” the Atlantic Development Board by providing it with a huge capital assistance fund, the Cape Breton Post remarks blunt- ly: “It already was apparent that the Fredericton chairman of this board is mainly interested in dig- ging a canal at enormous expense across the neck of land separating Nova Scotia and New Brunswick for the obvious purpose of aiding the seaport of Saint John to the detri- ment of Nova Scotia seaports. As taxpayers and patriots, we cannot applaud this objective.” See 7 8 A science advisory committee re- commendation for the curbing of powerful chemical pesticides has been endorsed by President Ken- nedy. He has instructed authorities to bring in legislation that will im- plement the report which would check the death toll among the un- informed and. careless and set up study of the lasting effects of con- tinuous use of chemical killers. One of the dangers found both in the United States and Canada is that the peril of use of these chemicals was not clearly explained or were printed in too small type. Although the Canadian Food and Drug Act has some restraints, it is believed they could be made more ironclad. “JUST WAIT TILL HE MUFFS IT” OTTAWA REPORT by Patrick Nicholson Trade Figures Show Undesirable Trend Are we tough traders with our | Why then - and this is a good , price we pay for not being mas- tt best friends? We find serious cause for grave soul-searching in the re- cently tabulated details of our export and import trade with all foreign countries during 1962. stion - do we pay out our scarce foreign exchange and sac- rifice employment and profits in Canadian re in order to | buy Venezuelan This foolisimess is part of the ters in our own house, for per- mitting the big international | companies to operate our own resources in the interests of themselves rather than of Can- | ada. First, there was an reversal in our earlier reduction of our adverse balance in trade in goods. True, this was a com- paratively smail $79 million last year, but it had edged up from ‘a mere $14 million in the pre- vious year. We have such a huge adverse balance of inter- national payments in non-trade items, due chiefly to our high in- terest payments on foreign cap- | ital, that we should achieve a substantial favourable balance in trade to establish our true econ- omic viability as a nation. But it is in the direction of our exports and imports that the most serious cause for disquiet ‘aE TRADE YEAR Our total foreten trade last year an impressive and Feeord. $12%4 billion, That was higher than the previous year by $913 million, or 8 per cent Of that total, no less ca $7 907 million or 64 per cent was with our big neighbour. That total is very satisfactory; but less satisfactory is the excess of | our lavish imports from USA, to- falling $4,300 million, over our sales of $3,608 million to that country. We can ill afford to overspend our earnings in USA so drastically - forcing the im- portation of capital - whicl means increased economic sub- servience - to meet the bill. Our sales to our second best customer, Britain, are on much smaller scale. We export- ed to Britain goods worth $909 million, almost exactly one- quarter of our sales to USA; yet we bought much less from Bri- tain, only to the value of $563 million or about one-eighth of our imports from USA. This big favourable balance on our trade with Britain contributed sub- ftantially to her trading embar- | rassment, which was the root cause of her aim to join the Europeen Common Market and relinquist) the Imoerial Pre- ferential Tariff system - to our | | Scene of the latest Latin Am- erican military takeover, Gua- temala has a long history of political upheaval that matches in violence the eruptions of its | na volcanoes. This Guatemala’ National Geographic Society s Upheaval representing 76 percent of all | rms, occupied 9 percent of | | the arable land. Some progress | has been made through the en- actment of agrarian reform le- gislation population, esti- the Cen- | tral American Sth about | the size of Tennessee, has sel- iom enjoyed free elections and democratic government. The pages bistory reflect the turbulence of her politics. Military coups 4d’ | etat have been the rule, rather than the exception. The list of | Guatemala’s heads of govern- few civilians. The regime of one general, who came to power peacefully, | was once criticized by a bitter Guatemalan: “Other countries | erect monuments to theii | known Soldier,” he said. temela makes | PENDULUM POLITICS Over the past 20 years, Gua- temala's govern ave sing from the galltical right to left, to right, to the back- ground rhythm’ of marching troops, Communist-infiltrated — re- ae elected in 1950 was forci- Bly overthrown in 1954, The co- Ionel who led the revolt, a mo- derate, was assassinated in 1957. President (and General) Miguel Ydigoras Fuentes, elect- ed in 1958, had one more year to serve when he was forced to “Gua- leave the country by his de- | fense minister, a colonel, in Mareh, 1963. s in many of the underde- veloped nations of Latin Ame- rica, a's problems stem largely from a lagging ec- onomy, uneven distribution of | land and hehe illiteracy, and housing shortag As late as 1950, 158 estates, wn Japan is our third best cus- tomer. But here again we have failed to help our own interests by matching our parcharcs ceed that country more closely to tales to her, She could. afford to buy immensely more from if we gave her the where- withal ‘by buying more. from hor and less from, say, USA. Then coms ermany, Re China, Australia, Netherlands, Ttely, Norway, Belgium and | France, in that order, as our next best customers. Red Chin a had previously bought only ‘significant quan- tities of our exports, but in 1962 made those huge purchases of our wheat. Tn the case of France, our ex- ports and our imports were in close balance. But in every oth- | er case we had. substantial si vourable balances, whers had bought more of their jad ports, we would have enabled | them to be even better custom- ers for our exports. This situa- ngument for in Canada, to slash our excess of imports from USA. AMPLE Off, UNUSED Our third largest import bill 1s | with a country.to whom we sell comparative peanuts - Vene- nila. Why do we buy so much from that small South American country which is such a poor market for our goods? Indeed that 1s a puzzling qu- estion. We buy shrimps, we | buy drugs and we buy cocoa butter and other things from | s ha menuela - | tailed. It could still delay legis- Ve , But.of our pur. chases worth $224 million, no Jess than. a Ca keg) $223 mil- lion wa: bene for satis ae about “telling coals to Newcastle, or refrigerators to the Eskimos! We have oil run- ning out of our ears in Canada. less than one per- cent of all farms, took up 40 percent of all. the farmland, while 266,000 small _ holdings, of Guatemala’s | ins many generals, | their Un- | hers President.” | mated by the United Nations at four million in mid-1962, than half the people are Aad the remainder, = = 5 5 Agriculture is the oH toe the national economy. Coffee and bananas lead the export list, polled by cotton and chi- cle gum. Oil is being sought in | 8. | the Perea province: Declining coffee prices, ba- ana diseases, and unfavorable weather in recent years sharp- ly reduced Guatemala’s foreign earnings. Per capita gross na- tional product was estimated at $174 in 1960. A. serious housing shortage | | contributes to the social and po- litical instability. According to the 1949 census, able, the over-all rural and ur- | ban ‘housing deficit was about | ite units. An additional 8,- | sing units | each aa to satisfy population | | growth and replacement | quirements. re- To improve its financial posi- | tion, expand its markets, and carry out social betterment | plans, Guatemala has channel- ed its efforts through a number | of international organizations. Among these are the Organiza- tion of American States, the Inter - Amé velopment Bank, the Central American Common Market, the Centr American Bank, and ther inter national Coffee Agree | Guatemala Dartipate ae | Alliance for Progre: | received $19.3 million tn. United States assistance since the joint | United States-Latin American | program began. Britain’s House Of Lords ‘No one starting from scratch nowadays would include House of Lords in the constitu. tional pattern,” said Lord Fran | cls - Williams, speaking in the BBC General Overseas ‘As I See It’ series. “Even if they decided that a second chamber was val- uable, it would be something much more like an elected Sen- | BBC London Letter | | | ate, as in the United States and | elsewhere.” | Himself a recently - appointed. Life Peer, with a seat In the House of Lords, Lord Francis - Williams said that many of his overseas friends thought it | ‘wonderful, ‘but ea Many | Bstons, | including, himself thought’ It odd too, “But then cod. deal of British political, nd social, life is rather like a rambling ‘old famly mansion, | The old home thas in fact, been rebuilt and modernized a’ g deal facede has been deliberately left Ms much as it | used t — deceptively so. ‘Pech at first Ae the la of Lords, which had roots deep "ie British history, appear- | ed to have altered little; but in fact quite a number of “changes had been made. Its once great powers had been steadily cur- | lation but no longer preyent it. ‘Though the House of Lords no longer had much power, Lord Francis - Williams thought that it often had great influence when, It debated— as it increasingly | did—targe ‘public issues, or in- | deed small but important ones, more broadly than on a narrow party line. Very often at the end of stich debates, many of them very fine indeed, there was no “The House is sitting not as a decision-reaching assembly, but debate in sone n of expel and often of great authority. itd some aspect of the public life of the country, can express ideas and exchange views with out rancour, in order that public opinion may be given some guid- ance in an atmosphere detached | from the party battl on fieeener dh cig ri heredi- with ihe Peers ike ime apaite, not elect- the o ‘Lords. wicotly democratic. “But perhaps by the very fact that st wane as a living exam- ple of how the old and tradition- al can be adjusted without viol- ence to meet some of the needs of the new it may Gert ‘to have been of some service to demo- cracy CRACKDOWN EASING MOSCOW (AP)—The | brite is | about 70 percent illiterate. More | latest avail- | and has | Cortisone Find Breakthrough Van Dellen By Dr. WE can thank Dr, Philip S. Hency for his conviction that the in renal glands in these conditions: This adrenal hormone, original- ly called compound E, was re- named cortisone, In 1948, br a small supply became able, Dr. Hench tried it on a pa- tient with rheumatoid arthritis, and the results were unbelit able. Since then, chemists by jud- gling molecules, have-come up with many synthetic corticoster- oids which are used extensively in treating various disea s es. Among the earlier products were ACTH, hydrocortisone, pre dnisone, and prednisolone. Since then, we have tad desoxucortl NOTES BY THE WAY _ about how to pass the time, remember a clock does just that by keeping its hands busy — Chatham News. Kassag!, King of Pickpockets who was technical counsellor for Robert Bresson’s film, “The Pickpocket,"’ has reported to the police the theft of seven doves. “I have nothing against thieves, but they should be courageous enough, to, steal while looking you in the fac “These yee ee ease ain ant understand the finesse of the pro- fession. They e birds eA Sook “Sure,” admitted the Texan, “with all that ice, Alaska is big wee (oh than Texas. it Alaska gee clone it'd mt ‘oh dori iat waukee J ours ai cate sane and ‘tg sd rf pi Ate about lic housing was converted to ‘sh struction the problem would be solved. — Ottawa Journal. Once, when William Gladstone was Britain’s Chancellor of th ¢ Exchequer, he attended a lecture given by Michael Faraday, a physicist. When it was ove Gladstone said to the scientist: “What you spoke about is purely theoretical, but does it have any practical value?" “What do you mean by ‘practical va’ ue "2"? ask. ed Farada: ” replied lay. “I meat Gladstone, ‘‘can it be ‘taxed?"— tar. These steroids are of specific | out” value when the adrenal glands become sluggish, leading to a variety of conditions such as Ad- dison’s disease. They are life- saving when the gland is sub- jected to overwhelming. stress because of injury, burn, shock, or infection. The products also are useful in treating maladies unrelated to the adrenals. The list includ- es rheumatoid arthritis, rheuma- tie fever, bursitis, bronchial asthma, and a variety of acute allergic and inflammatory eye conditions and acute and chron- fe skin disorders, In general, the ood results are temporary except when the body cooperat es by healing the defect while undergoing treatment. The medical profession has considerable respect for corti steroids, Their continued, usage is associated with many side re- actions such as the eer to accumulate fat, which leads to a buffalo hump at the neck, fac- ial puffiness, acne, and the de- position of pigment in the skin and ni ymen may grow un- wanted hair or lose scalp hair. The blood pressure may rise, diabetes often develops, and muscle weakness becomes. dis- turbing. In some, there are more | serious reactions. The majority of these symptoms disappear af- ter the steroid is stopped. Our Yesterday's | (From the Guardian Files) TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO 1938 | Members of Masonic Lodges coleceene the bi-centenary of e founding of the first lodge be their order in North America at Annapolis Royal, N.S., will visit Charlottetown in July. Ma- ny Masonic dignitaties from England, Scotland, Ireland, the United States and Canada will attend the celebration. A visit of interest to this pro- yes was made recently by J. H. Gorvin of the Department of Pera? London, England, id D.J. Gillis, Assistant Direc- Ce of Agriculture, St. John’s, Nfld. During their visit they | consulted with officials of the Department of Agriculture per- taining to the development of the various lines of agriculture activity in the province. TEN yeane AGO May 2, Rev. A.H. Onell .A., .DD General Secretary of the Bri- | tish and Foreign Bible Society | in Canada will be the speaker | at the annual meeting of the | Prince Edward Island Auxiliary of the Bible Society, at St. Paul's bene aeale Chario- | ttetown, May 22, Gerald P. Murtagh, formerly of Charlottetown and now with | the heath and Welfare. Depart- ment, Ottawa was one of the two delegates representing the Ottawa Knights of Columbus at | its 50th Jubilee Nae conven- | tion, which concluded in the Garden City of St. Catharines, yesterdi may come into the world with- pes Binoasg | of a. christening The 1 Bi not-so-fond parents, as- ing in Ottawa for their new nuclear force for NATO be- the planners ry conceivable adjective in the stomie Thesau. They ti tried inter-allied, multi- national, multilateral, inte- grated, co-ordinated, mixed- manned or even mix-master, Mipeanaisenel and so ot of the names Satis- fied ‘a aie Recnciay fathers. And the suggestion now is that the Ottawa meeting should merely signify that the force is bees created and let it go at at. FRANCE. NEEDS SOOTHING The no-name agreement, said to have been reached ler cote working hard.” — Paris Presse. | Toronto amcinolone, ers, he i Pincha cate tnatre tice A vary in their ability to suppress lea b inflammation and to alter met. NATO 4 Nuc rBa y. abolism. In addition, they differ in the duration of activity and Canadian Prose Stat Weiter NATO's new nuclear baby | weeks of manoeuvring among London, Washington and Paris, pe Abs help to pein the French ob- jeopardize President de ane 's Sauistenee 3 on an independent likely be a ‘cautions, eonean agreement to set ip a bombers ands submarine force with a NATO command system. The rican ‘proposal for a Polaris missile-carrying surface fleet manned by crews of dif- ferent nationalities may be shelved temporarily. Other problems: comé up at Ottawa Ways of implementing a new “forward strategy,” involving a defence line based on the Iron Curtain frontier; West German objections to proposed British sales of steel tubes to Commun- tat countries; and the size of e stockpile needed under plans for resisting an enemy land at- tack without using’ major nu- clear weapons. The letter X, as in exit where many prefer it soft-boiled like esgs, refutes Sartre's notion that there is it.” As ev- ery writer knows, one way out is to “X" it out.” Of course, what Sartre meant was that there may be no X-cape. Remember when, in lurid news photography, or movies about the met judge, X_ used.to “m le spot?”” ar ‘The fashion of using it that way is hardly X-tant anymore. Mac- beth still goes on wishing, how- rk) that he could X out the spot. ‘There are only a little more shan three pages of words be- ig with X in the Webster disinary, (pionetically. there's no y we shouldn't spell it that way) and it would take closer research than most of us have time for to find ma- ny of them which are not pro- nounced as if they began with Z. One notable, X-ception, The Uses Of X Christian Science Monitor Xeres, is pronounced Sherez and some others take off with , but not as in “old yer Having six sounds to its cre- dit the letter has made a mark (X) for itself by coming into the modern alphabet from the Chaleidian and Tonic Alpha- bets with two different sounds, via the Latin, where it also served the Romans as dispen- sers of ten, much as our own computers serve us as calcula- tors in millions. Much more could be said on the subject if space permitted. But if a writer tried to go fur- ther now he would run __ into whole phalanxes of editorial X's. Which reminds us most other letters, except the ambivalent silent’ H's, GH's, and so forth, are vehicles of sound that are silver. But a straightforward, well placed X is always worth its welght in gold, On its masthead over the years the Winniveg Free Press h: slogan: “Freedom of Trade.” a Hearken to this then, from a current Free Press editorial: “It is clearly impossible for Ci ie to accept immediate free ture, built for a century on pro- tective tariffs, could not endure such a sudden shock.” eae ie Free Press softens this jeresy to its masthead by say- ie that if tariffs on both sides of the border could be scaled down "gradually, over an agreed term of years, then the shock could be absorbed. Thus history repeats; the Lib- eral party and its prophets, al- late for free trade ‘ways passonat freer trade when in opposition, cooling their hearst ee it once they tal ge “tf as i cried Laurier. Hes, have it in Englendt atte Half-Masts Its Flag Ottawa Journal 1896, Mr. Fielding had different notions; protection remain ‘Then there was that Liberal con- vente of 1919, the convention hieh brought Mr. Mac- Kenzie King, and whic ing to a famous Liberal vit, Mr. Sam Jacobs, ‘‘offered free trade ars the a and 20 per cent bet, r to ti Says the Free Press now: “Several years ago Canadian officials quietly sounded out the possibility of such a bargain (a gradual scaling down of tariffs) in .Washington and found the American government receptive, but under a protectionist govern- ment a caer nothing came of those efforts.”” wh rn “protectionist govern- ment Wahigse 3 ferleribar tut it was the protectionist govern- ment of Mr. Mackenzie King, cl, TO A MAYFLOWER Dear little flower child, the deep shade and Queen of the May; Today, when we Pay in the mossy green bra My soul sought in va for the right words of praise. Come itt up your shy peogong into mine. de me your sweet lips, Pure and divine! Doan dea fe heart epee my song be good As T ie to to tog beauty, May- flower, Like Heine your fair face, God made you su A pink and white blossom’ for tees Yet always gs i form shall live in my hi MAeARTHUR may be easing its liberal tendencies in art ead, literature. Pravda, the Commu- nist party organ, said Sunday “the party sees no necessity for watching over each step of our artistic intelligentia and ex- Plaining to them in detail how one must wril , stage 4 play, make a film, or com- pose my*= ~ WATCH FROM THAMES LONDON (CP)—A play acted on the walls of the Tower of London and watched by an au. ce on boats moored in River Thames will run through- out the summer, Richard Todd and Virginia Maskell star in the play, A Fair White Tower. FOR RENT ] TOP SOIL will deliver to your lot. Belvedere Corner River north to Poole’s Corner. Iso be required on the And Clay Fill For Sale. We Camac Construction | Co. ltd. Phone 4-7010 INTERRUPTION NOTICE There will be an interruption of electric power in the north half of the Town of Montague on Wed- nesday, May 22nd between the hours of 1:00 p.m. and 4:00 p.m., Daylight Saving Time. The areas affected will lig from the Montague Several short afternoon power interruptions will Queen's Road between Moni- ague and Victoria Cross during the following week. These interruptions are necessary to enable out crews to rebuild and extend our distribution lines to serve the new food plant in Montague. Maritime Electric Company Ltd.