Che Guardian! Covers Prince Edward Island Like The Dew W. J. Hancox, Publisher Burton Lewis Frank Walker Executive Editor Editor Published every week day morning (ex :epi Sun lays and statutory holidays) at 165 Pri treet. Charlottetown, P.EI., by Thomson Newspapers Ltd Branch offices at Sumn » Montague, Aloer nally by Thomson Newspapers Toronio, 425 University Ave Montreal, UNiversity 6-5942; Western office, Georgia Street, Vancouver (iA 7037). Rizolie | Consion Only: Messpepae Association and The Canadian Pr ress is exclusively entitled 10 the use for repul ication of all news dispaiches i this paper eredited to it or wo the ied Press or Rev ters, and also to news published here lo. All rights’ on republication of qpecal capatehos herein also. caserved. Subscri teas Not over 35¢ per week by carrie $11.60 « yeor by mail or rural roules and areas not serviced by carrier. $14.00 year off Island and U.K, $20.00 per year in U.S. and elsewhere ovisicle British Com: monwealt! Fubliatar Ca the loc s weaker than unk” __ WEDNESDA\ MAY 29, 1903. Wonders Of Science In future, tactics similar to the use of artificial mating calls in wild game hunting may be used in the fishery industry. This prospect was held out at the second world fishing gear congress in London this week by Dr. Donovan B. Finn, fisheries director of the United Nations Food and Agriculture Organization. It is all very tentative, for much has still to be learned about the behaviour patterns of fish. But progress is being made. Discovering the sounds that fish make when they are feed- ing or mating is an aspect now under study. Dr, Finn mentioned special sub- marines and diving equipment as being used for this purpose. Sub- merged in these devices, scientists are listening in to a lot of gossip that was not intended for their ears. The problem is to interpret this fish language intelligibly, identify the mating calls and develop equipment that will produce these calls arti- ficially with sufficient accuracy to fool the fish. It seems a rather mean way of showing man’s supremacy in the scale of things; but duck hunters have been using the strategy for years and getting away with it. No one has ever bothered about the out- raged feelings of ducks when vie- timized in this fashion. Fish are next on the list, and their love urgings are to be exploited in the same way. The idea is, by artificial mating calls, to lure the fish into nets, herd them there like cattle and har- vest them at will. But Dr. Finn— appropriate name for a fisheries director !—was careful to emphasize the difficulties in the way. Fish can be unpredictable in their amorous behaviour, just as humans not in- frequently are, and it may be some time before the new technique is developed successfully. Meanwhile, deep in their submer- sible laboratories, investigators are getting the lowdown on a lot of things they didn’t know before. Re- versing, in a way, the long evolu- tionary process that started—scien- tists assure us—in a wet environ- ment ages before there was life on land and man’s progenitor in the monkey family learned to swing from trees. Mr.. Massey On Unity Few Canadians are so well qual- ified, by culture and experience, to discuss the relations between French-speaking and English-speak- ing citizens as the Rt. Hon. Vincent Massey, former Governor General, whose voice was raised on this sub- ject at the convocation last week of Carleton University, Ottawa. Mr. Massey felt that there was an urgent problem here; a problem which was everyone's business, but most particularly the business of young Canadians preparing to enter the professions. “Tf you have not learned your other language,” Mr. Massey warn- ed the graduating class before him, “you have not fully entered into your heritage; and you are not equipped to improve and adorn it as you should.” All young people who complete even two years in high school, he said, should be able to read simple French, and to utter in the language at least a few sentences Dat once correct and comprehensible. Everyone planning to enter one of id apes (including teaching) the civil service, provincial or — —professional, technical, adminis- trative—should make himself thor- oughly competent in French, both written and spoken, Mr. Massey said he was talking “as an English-speaking Canadian ++. Very conscious of our errors in the past and in the present.” He recalled several instances to show that while in theory at least we are a bilingual country, in practise bilingualism is marked only by certain moderate guarantees of French, such as apply to Parlia- ment and the Federal courts. “Every measure leading to fuller bicultural- ism in Canada, such as the use of both languages on our currency, or stamps, or government cheques, has been attended by long and not al- ways harmonious discussions and the decision to use French in this way has often been finally accepted by those of the other language re- luctantly and with little grace. That is not the way unity is achieved.” Much has been said about wh at could be done through official en- quiries, through legislation, and reg- ulations of various kinds, Mr. Massey did not decry these efforts, but he emphasized that it is not in documents that the fundamental solution lies. “We will only achieve a full measure of unity when the people of Canada understand what it means and desire it,” he de- clared. “It will come as a result of what you and I and 18,000,000 other people think and do, If we have the tolerance, the imagination, the foresight, we require, then light will shine on the road ahead.” A helpful beam of light has been thrown on this road in the thoughtful remarks above quoted. Embarrassing Questions When in opposition, Mr. Pearson and his colleagues had occasion fre- quently to complain about the lack of information available on matters relating to defense. Now they are finding merit, not infrequently, in the old adage that silence is golden. In the Commons on Monday the Prime Minister ‘declined to comment” on a statement by Mr. Justice J.T. Thorson of the Execu- tive Court of Canada and a former Liberal cabinet minister that the Government has “no mandate to ac- cept nuclear weapons.” Mr. Wool- liams, Conservative member for Bow River, who raised the question, also asked about a newspaper report that nuclear warheads would be supplied for Canada’s anti-aircraft Bomare missile this fall. Mr. Pearson said the question didn’t deserve a reply, since the matter could be discussed by the Commons defense committee which would be set up soon. Then External Affairs Minister Paul Martin found it necessary to decline twice to say whether or not the RCAF CF-104 bomber would be armed with a one-metagon bomb. Opposition Leader Diefenbaker rais- ed this query, and Mr. Martin’s only reply was that the Liberal govern- ment was merely living up to the nuclear commitments made by the Diefenbaker government. The Canadian Press supplies, in its report of this incident, the in- formation that a one-metagon bomb, equivalent to 1,000,000 tons of TNT, would’ be 50 times more powerful than the bomb which destroyed Hir- oshima in 1945. If this was a Diefenbaker gov- ernment commitment it’s surprising we haven't heard about it till now. EDITORIAL NOTES A suggestion that motorists drive with headlights on during day- light hours has ben endorsed by the Canadian Association of Optome- trists. The idea is that even during periods of good visibility it is easier to spot an oncoming vehicle if its lights are on. Numbers of bus and truck firms in the United States have found the practice of head- lights on during daylight hours a valuable safety factor. Cea Of the 13,410 immigrants enter- ing Canada in the first three months of 1963, only 3,901 were from Eng- land, Ireland, Scotland, Wales and France, the latter sending 364. Most of the newcomers were from Europe, from countries ranging alphabetical- ly from Albania to Yugoslavia and including seven from Iceland and 2,- 661 from Italy. It is recalled that in 1901 no less than 87.7 per cent of the population belonged to the ethnic groups labelled in the census papers as “British Isles” (including Treland) and “French.” canals villain 8 “OLD CHARLOTTETOWN Prince Edward Island battery readying ancient cannon for action, 1875 Copi ied By Craswell Portrait Studio OTTAWA REPORT by Patrick Nicholson | Can We Afford To Be Complacent? “Any day of the week you can) stand in any Canadian groce- teria and watch Canadian house- wives buying cartfuls of food; and from each cart there will | be wasted more food than many an Asian family will have to eat in the whole week.” Bob Thompson, leader of the Social Credit Party, made that statement in a private conversa- tion at a purely social gathering. One of his hearers was Mr. H. 0. “Herb” Moran, the dedicated chief of Canada’s Foreign Aid | Office - and he agreed. I call} Herb “dedicated” becat he is more than a competent civil ser- vant doing that humane job; he was formerly Canadian High Commissioner to Pakistan, and while living in that country he was able to see what a huge gulf | there is between the Canadian | way of life and the Asian strug- gle for existence. | What Bob Thompson express- | ed so dramatically was the same thing that another Canadian said not long ago on Parliament Hill, in equally graphic words. | As guest speaker at the Senate and House of Commons volun- tary committee on health, Dr. Brock Chisholm asserted that i eighteen million Asians were t | be picked at: random to be per- mitted to scratch a living on the garbage dumps at the eighteen million inhabitants of Canada, they would improve their lot. That complacency - shattering remark is the most sensational single statement I have ever heard on Parliament Hill. SO WHAT? ‘This line of thought was awak- ened by a remark made by Miss Pauline Jewett, the newly-elect- ed Liberal MP. for Northumb- erland, Ontario, in her speech moving the address in reply to the Speech from the Throne at the opening of this Parliament. “People talk about the afflu- ent society we have," said the brilliant University Professor - iss Jewett is a professor of political science. “It is quite pos- sible there are a few members of our society who are sate ly affluent; but with very lars numbers, T should think close to | a third, this is certainly not the | ease. Many of them live in conditions that should not be tol- erated by any decent, thought. | ful_societ ‘Three - quarters of Canada’s trivial and criticised foreign aid PUBLIC FORUM ‘This coumn is open to me discussion regard. | NO PLANS MADE | Sir,—In the May 27th issue of | your newspaper you published a news story entitled “Political Rumors Are Prevalent which the writer states: “The Premier was undoubt- edly headed for the higher: post prior to the Conservative elec- | tion loss and it is understood lo- cal party plans for the naming of a new leader of the govern- ment were well advanced’. The responsibility of arrang- ing and holding a leadership | | convention within the Provin- | cial Progressive Conservative | Party rests solely with the Pro: vincial Executive, of which am President. I wish to inform you, Sir, that no plans of any nature were ever made to choose a successor to Premier Shaw, either formally ot infor- mally, by the ee Execu- tive of this Part T wou! ‘lady have informed your reporter of this seen fit to contact me, rather | than speculate. Yours very truly, GERALD R. FOSTER | Prince Edward Island Progres- | ive Conservative Association. | | later, is directed through the Colombo Plan. Last year, pleading finan- | Ifelaleatinceniey fect! government | | slashed our year’s contribution | from $50 million to $41.5 million. ‘That is approximately half the figure which our government contributed to help finance the operations of the Canadian Broadcasting Corporation; it is slightly less than was spent on various forms of alcoholic drinks in the province of Saskatchewan alone last year; it is equiva- Tent to less than one piece of bubble-gum per Canadian per, day; it is peanuts. DON'T PLEAD POVERTY Whatever else we may give as the reason for our contemptible measure of aid to other count- | ries, we should not plead that we cannot afford to give more. ‘That is the worst form of inter- national public relations. Miss Jewett's remark certain- | ly has validity within the Cana- dian context; but here again, | measured against the interna- | tional picture, we must question whether it is a decent complaint. Even our unemployed - and we must feel ashamed for the lack | of jobs for those who really seek them - enjoy a cash income from the Unemployment Insurance Fund in one month which ex- ceeds what most earn in unCanadianly long work- ing hours in a whole year. In the “have - not” 99 per cent of the people live, to borrow Miss Jewett's words, “‘in conditions that should not be tol: erated by any decent, thoughtful society. Canada’s population alone ts far too small to be able to solve this world - wide problem, But Canada's voice should be rais- ed, and Canada’s example should be set, to urge world - wide com- mon sense. Collective security | in the long run will be best achieved, not by nuclear bombs, not by tariff walls, not by sel- fish luxury, but by helping the underdeveloped nations of the world to approximate to the well- fed disease - free technically- trained standards which even Miss Jewett’s unaffluent one- third enjoy. Lure Of Buried Loot National Geographic Society Desolate and inhospitable, | tiny Cocos Island in the Pacific Ocean probably is one of the most dug up bits of land any- where in the world. For more than 150 years, the 10.4 square-mile Costa Rican Island has been wishfully re- garded as the site of fabulous buried wealth, In that time, the island has been probed, scoured blasted and bored by countless treasure-seekers, the National Geographic Society says. Estimates of treasure buried there by assorted buccaneers, privateers, corsairs, and pi- rates range from a paltry $20 million to comfortable $500 million, Not a single doubloon has been recovered from the hoards of Benito Bonito of the Bloody Sword and renegade Captain | Shrapnel, or the loot of Lima, | | hijacted by one Captain Thomp- son, master of the Mary Dear, Mary Dyer, or Mary Read, de- pending on’ the account one | reads. | BIG NAMES Some famous names have been associated with the Cocos treasure hunt. In 1904, the se- venth Earl Fitzwilliam, then | | England's richest peer, landed | with a party of nearly 100. The , | late’ Sir’ Malcolm Campbell, au- | tomobile and hydroplane speed | king, visited in 1925. Ten years President Franklin D. Roosevelt stopped off at the is- | land during a. fishing trip abroad the cruiser U.S.S. Hous. | ton. With » "go ahe ‘and fisd the’ treasure,” boys, Roosevelt reportedly | granted the erew shore leave. Some treasure hunters have returned to Cocos despite re- peated failures, convinced the treasure is Tout lovatv ot. Coe ites land gold-seckers was August Gissler, a German, who lived on Cocos with brief tions for about 20 sler_ became a naturalized Cos- ta Rican citizen and got him- self named governor of the is- land. Despite his lengthy stay, Gissler accomplished no more than other searchers. Late in 1962 a party of ‘renchmen went to Cocos, mainly to look over the place, but admittedly enticed by the many buried wealth. Only one of the party survived the capsizing of a boat. He spent three harrowing months on the lonely islet before he was | rescu Cocos Island lies at about La- titude 5 degrees 32° North Long- tude 67 degrees 2 Wee, site of Puntar- ound. nats Rica, Share are tal two landing, places, Chatter Bay and Water Bay, Elsewhere the the al- cliffs rise abruptly from ocean. It rains nearly all time. Inland, vegetation is most impenetrable, An account of the trip to Co- cos by William Beebe relates with ironic amusement: “We imagined the Mary Dear and her crew during the weary work of disposing boatloads of specie and bullion. Anyone who has ever scen the place fecls exhausted at the mere thought of their labors after the booty was landed. Of would not He it on the beach, so they must have transported it painfully, a very little at a time, up the slippery hillsides and across the chasms with which the {sland {s rent. And no one would envy them the task of excavating, in the root- filled, stony soil, a hole large enough to contain millions of dollars worth of precious _me- fals."* PE. Cleator sums up the question of Cocos’ treasure in his book Treasure for the Tak- ing: “In short, failure to locate the treasure has been attribut- ed to every conceivable cause | except one: found.’ AIDS SURGERY VANCOUVER (CP) — The general hospital here has in- stalled a_new $21,000 heart-lung machine that will reduce the | cost of ag rhe using it by about: is the only one of its kind i Weaen Canada, The machine takes over the fune- tions of the heart and lungs dur- | ing open-heart surgery. Asians ¢ an | oF nations, | course they | ‘hat it may not be | Doctor Ponders Action To Take When Festus Dies By Dr. Theodore R. Van Dellen A CHICAGO woman no. Io er could feel life after the six- th month of pregnancy. She writes: “The doctor, could not detect a heart beat and told me the child was dead but to let | nature take its course. The ba- | by was delivered two months | later and I was told that the | placenta was too small to_pro- vide oxygen and proper nour- ishment for the growing fetus. In addition, the cord was around the neck." This misfortune occurs occa- sionally and — reading between the lines — we sense a doubt | about whether the — physician | *| handled the problem properly. | In our opinion, he acted accord- ing to standard practice. He “let nature take its course” be- | cause interference by inducing labor prematurely may lead to | infection or other complica: | tions. ‘The exceptions are when | a mother has a blood disorder | or had a cesarean section pre--| viously, and it is safer to delivered again in this way. The wisdom of permitting pregnancy to continue after the fetus dies is a question that of- ten arises. "Many pressures are put upon the ol n 'to | | do something about it But, as | | we said, it is better to rely| | pon noninterference and con- servative management In many instances the preg- | nant woman becomes suspicious | that not all is well when no | movement is felt. These fears | | often are confirmed when the physician cannot hear the heart | tones. But he must be certain | because it is a shocking exper- fence to be told in the sixth or | seventh month of pregnancy that the baby has expired. a result, the obstetrician is cau- tious until there is overwhelm- ing evidence of the loss. The most frequent cause of this type of fetal loss is lack of oxygen and nourishment due to a disorder of the placenta or the umbilical cord. There are | | various possibilities. The blood | flow from the mother to the | placenta or from the placenta | to the fetus may be inadequate blocked ‘completely. | May we suggest to our read- er that she take this catastro- phe in her stride and try again NOTES BY THE WAY An eccentric is an individual whose idiosy: evasion ate differ. a ladas yours. — Galt Report- Who says there’s not profit to be made from idle money? An 1875 Canadian dime in mint con- | dition brought $700 gto a an auction here on the —Ottawa Joural, | The gap between the number of world problems arising and the number of solutions being | found for them is becoming in- | creasingly wider. — Sudbury ar. ‘The man who feels like a hig toad in a small puddle at the | wheel of his car is a big splash | in a small puddle to the pedes, trians he passes, — Stratford Beacon-Herald. The gopher, which used to out. | number the Saskatchewanlans 1,000 to one, has all but disap- peared. He can't really be blam- ed for leaving Saskatchewan. But even if there was a mass exodus, it seems that they should have turned up somewhere else, “Tt used to take only a pair of horses, a walking plow and a milk cow for a young couple to go into the farming business. To- | day the investment average: $22,000." — CM_ Ferguson, - or | Wisconsin University. tn onl ne 2 one wi ving by leting ings i London Free Pi The chap who always best foot forward isnt seni Jy to stub is toe. — Toronto “An increasing number of peo- ple are learning to play the harp,” says a musician. Prob- ably some of them should be learning, instead, how to dodge the betty gg a pitehfork.—Cha- tham News “My Dad,” said the swee young thing, “is takes things apart to see why they ant Bo." demai belier le _ omilton Spec. tator, We think it’s about time some- one took an editorial stand against the practice of taking pictures of a hippopotamus every time he opens his big mouth in search of food or air. After all, a hippo is sensitive to this sort of thing — he doesn't want to’ go through life thinking that the only reason ‘he's on this earth is to provide “gag” shots for money - hungry photograph- ers. He may not be human, but he's got feelings. — Hamilton Spectator, African Unity Program Doug Marshall By Canadian Press The 30 African heads of state | meeting in Addis Ababa last week conceived an embryonic structure that may well evolve into a workable form of Af- rican unity. But Western observers, while welcoming this progress, will regret that the negative cry of anti - colonialism provided the main touchstone for concord among the nationalist leaders. rhe charter, inspired mtn by the moderating influ- ence of Ethiopia and her 3,000- odd years of independence, calls for an annual assembly of heads of state and a council of foreign ministers meeting twice a year. The organization will be POTATO RB. writes: I love potatoes but when T have them for din- ner I can't sleep at night. Would you know the reason why? EPL | They may be gas producers or you may be allergic to or have an idiosynerasy to them Forget potatoes for six months. At the end of this time resume eating them if you must, but | take it easy. TO EACH HIS OWN Mrs. L. writes: Our child has pinworms. Could he have | | Caught ‘them from the dog? EPLY This 1s doubtful because ani- mals, ine luding dogs have | worms of their own, On the other hand, the pet could carry | | pinworm eggs on his hair, es-| pecially if he is owned by a fa- mily that harbors these para- | ites. Our Yesterdav’s (From the Guardian Files) TWENTY-FIVE YEARS AGO | May 29, 1938 Maurice Higgins, formerly of | Kensington, P.E.1. who has_ liv-| ed in Kapuscasing, Northern | Ontario for the past few years, | is leaving by CPR Liner, Nia- gara from Vancouver, B.C. to Honolulu, Australia and New Zealand. He will act in the ca- pacity of engineer for a_ pulp | and paper company in New| Zealand. Herman G. Bryan was in{ Summerside completing ar- | rangements for the opening of | his new tourist colony at Free- land, Lot 11, which will be open | to the public on June 22. TEN YEARS AGO May 29, 1953 Best possible uses of govern- ment grants to promote art in the Maritimes were sought as the Maritime Art Association held its annual convention over the weekend at Acadia Univer- sity in Wolfville, NS. Art groups of all major centres of | the three provinces were repre- | sented. | Dr. Hubert MacNeill, Sum- merside, has taken over the | medical practice of Dr. Austin Delaney, who is leaving to take | a two year post graduate course in Halifax. Dr. MacNeill is a veteran of World War Two and | on being discharged from the j army took up the study of | medicine. He is a graduate of | Dalhousle University. | | will include a commission to ar- imah’s: | messianic dreams of instant po-} a secretariat On its positive side the Or- ganization for African Unity bitrate internal territorial -dis- putes and committees dealing with co-operation on all social, economic and defence matters. CHECK TO NKRUMAH Assuming signators honor the principles “solemnly affirmed and. declared,” the charter | means a victory for the grad: ualists and a check to Ghanai President Kwame Nkru | litical unity in Africa. The catch is point six in the charter — “absolute dedication | to the total emancipation of the African territories which aun eee K Staff Writer and moderate leader alike, means a program of economic and diplomatic sanctions agsinst pockels of white supre- macy that one London corre- spondent calls “the last step short of war." Liberal leaders the world over will agree that the days of white minority government in Africa are numbered and that most newly independent nations can present a valid case for colo- nial neglect, OBJECT TO WAR CRY The objections, voiced even by European sympathizers with the African cause, are that the current generation of African liberators remain preoc: the anti-colonial y when they should be producing Positive economic and social measures to repair the past ne- glects. Preparations for war against the republic of South Africa, Portugal's Angola territory and possibly Southern Rhodesia may be one way to forge a United States of Africa. But it is hardly the kind of co-operation that will eradicate endemic diseases, cure the il- literacy problem or provide a better standard of living for the average African native. The West must hope that Af- rica soon realizes its immediate unifying factor is social prog- ress rather than justified but unrewarding bitterness with ra- ie enlarged upon by radical | cial past and pres- ent. Kashmir Stalemate Christian Science Monitor We have reluctantly come to the conclusion that ue paneeal problem cannot be continued American od British pressure at this tim indian correspondent re- ports that the talks, however well intentioned, “have done more harm than good.” Unless there is something known to the Western governments which does not meet the journalistic eye — for much of this effort has been shrouded in diplomatic sec- recy — it ought to be called o! We regret this. It means freez~ ing an injustice for a time, and | trying to live with it. We have inclined toward the theory that in Kashmir the wishes of the people concerned ought to de- cide their government in a dis- pute which has become so tanj Jed with history and national as. Pirations as this one, To aba don the effort to persuade In- dia to permit a plebiscite, or some form of transitional inter- national regime, will leave In- dia in control of the field and Pakistan on the outside. Yet we see no reasonable al- ternative. There is logic in put ting strings on economic aid — granting it only on the basis of mutually satisfactory arrange- ments, But to use military aid, by contrast, and especially in time of emergency, as a meen of pressing a country to take political step, has grave Umita- tions, The United States has been on firmer footing when it has based its pressure for com- promise purely on military grounds. There are obvious mi- litary implications when it gives weapons to two friendly coun- tries which are in a state of sus- pended war and military ten- sion. But this military tension can surely be kept under control. The country which used Americ an weapons, given for the defense of the independent world against Communist aggression, to attack neighbor who is sharing in the same defense, would be subject to the fulf range of sanctions and would almost surely fail of its objective. It is doubly grievous, in view of the merits of its case, that Pakistan should be caught in the grip of this situation and be compelled to be the one who waits and refrains from force while India enjoys the soft airs of one of the world’s most beau- were it not for the cold war Pakistan would be incapable of war in any event. Patience and a return to peace- ful negotiation at the right time The z FLYING DUTCHMAN ; RESTAURANT “Your Island Steak { House” Take the train, take the kid nalf fare under ABE,